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Wang H, Li B, Li A, An C, Liu S, Zhuang Z. Integrative Metabolomics, Enzymatic Activity, and Gene Expression Analysis Provide Insights into the Metabolic Profile Differences between the Slow-Twitch Muscle and Fast-Twitch Muscle of Pseudocaranx dentex. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6131. [PMID: 38892319 PMCID: PMC11172523 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The skeletal muscles of teleost fish encompass heterogeneous muscle types, termed slow-twitch muscle (SM) and fast-twitch muscle (FM), characterized by distinct morphological, anatomical, histological, biochemical, and physiological attributes, driving different swimming behaviors. Despite the central role of metabolism in regulating skeletal muscle types and functions, comprehensive metabolomics investigations focusing on the metabolic differences between these muscle types are lacking. To reveal the differences in metabolic characteristics between the SM and FM of teleost, we conducted an untargeted metabolomics analysis using Pseudocaranx dentex as a representative model and identified 411 differential metabolites (DFMs), of which 345 exhibited higher contents in SM and 66 in FM. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that these DFMs were enriched in the metabolic processes of lipids, amino acids, carbohydrates, purines, and vitamins, suggesting that there were significant differences between the SM and FM in multiple metabolic pathways, especially in the metabolism of energy substances. Furthermore, an integrative analysis of metabolite contents, enzymatic activity assays, and gene expression levels involved in ATP-PCr phosphate, anaerobic glycolysis, and aerobic oxidative energy systems was performed to explore the potential regulatory mechanisms of energy metabolism differences. The results unveiled a set of differential metabolites, enzymes, and genes between the SM and FM, providing compelling molecular evidence of the FM achieving a higher anaerobic energy supply capacity through the ATP-PCr phosphate and glycolysis energy systems, while the SM obtains greater energy supply capacity via aerobic oxidation. These findings significantly advance our understanding of the metabolic profiles and related regulatory mechanisms of skeletal muscles, thereby expanding the knowledge of metabolic physiology and ecological adaptation in teleost fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (H.W.); (B.L.); (A.L.); (C.A.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Busu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (H.W.); (B.L.); (A.L.); (C.A.); (Z.Z.)
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Ang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (H.W.); (B.L.); (A.L.); (C.A.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Changting An
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (H.W.); (B.L.); (A.L.); (C.A.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Shufang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (H.W.); (B.L.); (A.L.); (C.A.); (Z.Z.)
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Zhimeng Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (H.W.); (B.L.); (A.L.); (C.A.); (Z.Z.)
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Wu B, Gao X, Hu M, Hu J, Lan T, Xue T, Xu W, Zhu C, Yuan Y, Zheng J, Qin T, Xin P, Li Y, Gong L, Feng C, He S, Liu H, Li H, Wang Q, Ma Z, Qiu Q, Wang K. Distinct and shared endothermic strategies in the heat producing tissues of tuna and other teleosts. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2023; 66:2629-2645. [PMID: 37273070 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-022-2312-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Although most fishes are ectothermic, some, including tuna and billfish, achieve endothermy through specialized heat producing tissues that are modified muscles. How these heat producing tissues evolved, and whether they share convergent molecular mechanisms, remain unresolved. Here, we generated a high-quality genome from the mackerel tuna (Euthynnus affinis) and investigated the heat producing tissues of this fish by single-nucleus and bulk RNA sequencing. Compared with other teleosts, tuna-specific genetic variation is strongly associated with muscle differentiation. Single-nucleus RNA-seq revealed a high proportion of specific slow skeletal muscle cell subtypes in the heat producing tissues of tuna. Marker genes of this cell subtype are associated with the relative sliding of actin and myosin, suggesting that tuna endothermy is mainly based on shivering thermogenesis. In contrast, cross-species transcriptome analysis indicated that endothermy in billfish relies mainly on non-shivering thermogenesis. Nevertheless, the heat producing tissues of the different species do share some tissue-specific genes, including vascular-related and mitochondrial genes. Overall, although tunas and billfishes differ in their thermogenic strategies, they share similar expression patterns in some respects, highlighting the complexity of convergent evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baosheng Wu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Xueli Gao
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Mingling Hu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Jing Hu
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, China
| | - Tianming Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- BGI Life Science Joint Research Center, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150006, China
| | - Tingfeng Xue
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Wenjie Xu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Chenglong Zhu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Jiangmin Zheng
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Tao Qin
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Peidong Xin
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Ye Li
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Li Gong
- National Engineering Laboratory of Marine Germplasm Resources Exploration and Utilization, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China
| | - Chenguang Feng
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Shunping He
- Institute of Deep-Sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, 572000, China
- The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Huan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- BGI Life Science Joint Research Center, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150006, China
| | - Haimeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhenhua Ma
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, China.
| | - Qiang Qiu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China.
| | - Kun Wang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China.
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Wang H, Li B, Yang L, Jiang C, Zhang T, Liu S, Zhuang Z. Expression profiles and transcript properties of fast-twitch and slow-twitch muscles in a deep-sea highly migratory fish, Pseudocaranx dentex. PeerJ 2022; 10:e12720. [PMID: 35378928 PMCID: PMC8976474 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fast-twitch and slow-twitch muscles are the two principal skeletal muscle types in teleost with obvious differences in metabolic and contractile phenotypes. The molecular mechanisms that control and maintain the different muscle types remain unclear yet. Pseudocaranx dentex is a highly mobile active pelagic fish with distinctly differentiated fast-twitch and slow-twitch muscles. Meanwhile, P. dentex has become a potential target species for deep-sea aquaculture because of its considerable economic value. To elucidate the molecular characteristics in the two muscle types of P. dentex, we generated 122 million and 130 million clean reads from fast-twitch and slow-witch muscles using RNA-Seq, respectively. Comparative transcriptome analysis revealed that 2,862 genes were differentially expressed. According to GO and KEGG analysis, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were mainly enriched in energy metabolism and skeletal muscle structure related pathways. Difference in the expression levels of specific genes for glycolytic and lipolysis provided molecular evidence for the differences in energy metabolic pathway between fast-twitch and slow-twitch muscles of P. dentex. Numerous genes encoding key enzymes of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation pathway were significantly upregulated at the mRNA expression level suggested slow-twitch muscle had a higher oxidative phosphorylation to ensure more energy supply. Meanwhile, expression patterns of the main skeletal muscle developmental genes were characterized, and the expression signatures of Sox8, Myod1, Calpain-3, Myogenin, and five insulin-like growth factors indicated that more myogenic cells of fast-twitch muscle in the differentiating state. The analysis of important skeletal muscle structural genes showed that muscle type-specific expression of myosin, troponin and tropomyosin may lead to the phenotypic structure differentiation. RT-qPCR analysis of twelve DEGs showed a good correlation with the transcriptome data and confirmed the reliability of the results presented in the study. The large-scale transcriptomic data generated in this study provided an overall insight into the thorough gene expression profiles of skeletal muscle in a highly mobile active pelagic fish, which could be valuable for further studies on molecular mechanisms responsible for the diversity and function of skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Busu Li
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Long Yang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China,College of Fisheries, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chen Jiang
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Dalian Tianzheng Industry Co., Ltd., Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Shufang Liu
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Zhimeng Zhuang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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