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Sulistyo F, Lung NP, Sriningsih AP, Aronson SA, Taylor-Cousar JL. CLINICAL MANAGEMENT OF CHRONIC ORANGUTAN RESPIRATORY DISEASE SYNDROME IN THREE ADULT MALE BORNEAN ORANGUTANS ( PONGO PYGMAEUS). J Zoo Wildl Med 2024; 55:769-779. [PMID: 39255221 DOI: 10.1638/2023-0142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Orangutan respiratory disease syndrome (ORDS) is a disease unique to orangutans (Pongo sp), characterized by chronic bacterial infection and inflammation of any region or combination of regions of the respiratory tract, including the sinuses, air sacs, cranial bones, airways, and lung parenchyma. Aggressive early intervention during a first episode may prevent progression to chronic disease. However, in the setting of an established chronic disease, intermittent acute exacerbations are associated with worsening symptoms and increased infection and inflammation. ORDS is ultimately fatal due to loss of respiratory function resulting from chronic structural damage. Utilizing potentially lifelong medications to slow the progression of chronic, destructive inflammation in the respiratory tract, chronic treatment is aimed at stabilizing the animals' respiratory function, decreasing the frequency of recurrent exacerbations, and improving their general well-being. Three adult male Bornean orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus) housed at an orangutan rehabilitation and reintroduction center in Indonesia have long histories of recurrent respiratory disease. Each underwent CT scans confirming ORDS with chronic airway disease prior to initiation of a long-term treatment protocol. Based on data-driven medical management of bronchiectasis in humans, the three orangutans have been treated with long-term combination regimens of oral azithromycin, nebulized salbutamol, and nebulized hypertonic saline. Follow-up CT scans in all three animals at least 1 yr following treatment initiation showed improvements throughout their respiratory tracts. The duration of each exacerbation period decreased, and the orangutans have longer symptom-free periods compared to before the start of treatment. At an average of 5 yr into the long-term treatment protocol, all three orangutans are thriving. Chronic medical management of ORDS modeled after human treatment of bronchiectasis has been efficacious in these three orangutans and encourages further study of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nancy P Lung
- American Association of Zoo Veterinarians, Jacksonville, FL 32218, USA
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Liu CW, Hou HY, Hsieh HI, Jang-Liaw NH. Sex identification of birds in Taipei Zoo. Zoo Biol 2024; 43:268-275. [PMID: 38482887 DOI: 10.1002/zoo.21828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
As a conservation and breeding institution for birds, Taipei Zoo plays an important role in restoring endangered species. As approximately half of all bird species are monomorphic, precisely confirming the sex of individuals is critical for the management of ex-situ conservation breeding populations, as well as for understanding the sex ratio of those in the wild. Generally, PCR is used more reliably for sex determination versus traditional methods such as plumage, behavior or hormone levels. Nevertheless, the various primer sets and annealing temperatures vary between species, and so inaccurate sexing can occasionally happen due to inadequate PCR conditions. To reduce the probability of misidentification, and to establish a PCR condition database for sex determination across the diverse range of avian taxa, we tested multiple primer sets and annealing temperatures for amplification of the bird sex-specific gene fragments (CHD1) for each captive or rescued avian species held at Taipei Zoo since 2014. A total of 162 species across 22 orders were tested using one or two primer sets. One hundred and fifty-five species were successfully sexed by the primer set 2550F/2718R and the success rate of sex typing reached over 90% of species tested in each order. Most species have suitable PCR annealing temperatures between 45°C and 55°C, and the species in the same avian taxa showed similar results in temperature. This indicates that it is possible to select the annealing temperature of other species in the same family when the species had not been tested before. We expect this study will improve the success rate of identifying sex by using applicable PCR conditions and reduce the time for searching references every time before attempts to PCR sex birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Wei Liu
- Conservation and Research Center, Taipei Zoo, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Yi Hou
- Conservation and Research Center, Taipei Zoo, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-I Hsieh
- Conservation and Research Center, Taipei Zoo, Taipei City, Taiwan
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Lavenia C, Priyono DS, Yudha DS, Arisuryanti T. Species Identification of Rehabilitated Critically Endangered Orangutans Through DNA Forensic: Implication for Conservation. Trop Life Sci Res 2024; 35:123-137. [PMID: 39262863 PMCID: PMC11383629 DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2024.35.1.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Rehabilitating and releasing orangutans back into the wild is one of the conservation strategies being pursued to conserve orangutans. However, the species determination between Sumatran, Tapanuli, and Bornean orangutans is essential for reintroduction to avoid outbreeding depression, which could lead to DNA hybridisation and increase the probability of recessive characters. Here, we reported on an investigation of three orangutans in which DNA forensic techniques were used to identify the species before release and reintroduction to their habitat. By applying DNA forensic, the orangutan was successfully confirmed with high probabilities (100%) by identifying two orangutan species, Pongo abelii and Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii. Based on ambiguous morphology, we found the possibility of orangutan species being misidentified in rehabilitation. This case report demonstrates the importance of molecular diagnostics to identify the orangutan species. We also provide workflow recommendations from genetic aspect for rehabilitated orangutans. These recommendations will enable decision-makers to consider genetics when assessing future management decisions, which will help ensure that the orangutan species is effectively conserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christy Lavenia
- Department of Biology, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424. West Java, Indonesia
| | - Dwi Sendi Priyono
- Department of Tropical Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada. Jl. Teknika Selatan, Sinduadi. Mlati, Sleman, 55281. Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Centre for Indonesia Tropical Biodiversity (CENTROBIO), Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada. Jl. Teknika Selatan, Sinduadi. Mlati, Sleman, 55281. Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Donan Satria Yudha
- Department of Tropical Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada. Jl. Teknika Selatan, Sinduadi. Mlati, Sleman, 55281. Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Tuty Arisuryanti
- Department of Tropical Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada. Jl. Teknika Selatan, Sinduadi. Mlati, Sleman, 55281. Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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Theissinger K, Fernandes C, Formenti G, Bista I, Berg PR, Bleidorn C, Bombarely A, Crottini A, Gallo GR, Godoy JA, Jentoft S, Malukiewicz J, Mouton A, Oomen RA, Paez S, Palsbøll PJ, Pampoulie C, Ruiz-López MJ, Secomandi S, Svardal H, Theofanopoulou C, de Vries J, Waldvogel AM, Zhang G, Jarvis ED, Bálint M, Ciofi C, Waterhouse RM, Mazzoni CJ, Höglund J. How genomics can help biodiversity conservation. Trends Genet 2023:S0168-9525(23)00020-3. [PMID: 36801111 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2023.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
The availability of public genomic resources can greatly assist biodiversity assessment, conservation, and restoration efforts by providing evidence for scientifically informed management decisions. Here we survey the main approaches and applications in biodiversity and conservation genomics, considering practical factors, such as cost, time, prerequisite skills, and current shortcomings of applications. Most approaches perform best in combination with reference genomes from the target species or closely related species. We review case studies to illustrate how reference genomes can facilitate biodiversity research and conservation across the tree of life. We conclude that the time is ripe to view reference genomes as fundamental resources and to integrate their use as a best practice in conservation genomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Theissinger
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics, Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Georg-Voigt-Str. 14-16, 60325 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Carlos Fernandes
- CE3C - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; Faculdade de Psicologia, Universidade de Lisboa, Alameda da Universidade, 1649-013 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Giulio Formenti
- The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Ave, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Iliana Bista
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwinweg 2, 2333, CR, Leiden, The Netherlands; Wellcome Sanger Institute, Tree of Life, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Paul R Berg
- NIVA - Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Økernveien, 94, 0579 Oslo, Norway; Centre for Coastal Research, University of Agder, Gimlemoen 25j, 4630 Kristiansand, Norway; Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, PO BOX 1066 Blinderm, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Christoph Bleidorn
- University of Göttingen, Department of Animal Evolution and Biodiversity, Untere Karspüle, 2, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Angelica Crottini
- CIBIO/InBio, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, 7, 4485-661, Portugal; Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal; BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
| | - Guido R Gallo
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - José A Godoy
- Estación Biológica de Doñana, CSIC, Calle Americo Vespucio 26, 41092, Sevillle, Spain
| | - Sissel Jentoft
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, PO BOX 1066 Blinderm, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Joanna Malukiewicz
- Primate Genetics Laborator, German Primate Center, Kellnerweg 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alice Mouton
- InBios - Conservation Genetics Lab, University of Liege, Chemin de la Vallée 4, 4000, Liege, Belgium
| | - Rebekah A Oomen
- Centre for Coastal Research, University of Agder, Gimlemoen 25j, 4630 Kristiansand, Norway; Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, PO BOX 1066 Blinderm, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Sadye Paez
- The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Ave, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Per J Palsbøll
- Groningen Institute of Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh, 9747, AG, Groningen, The Netherlands; Center for Coastal Studies, 5 Holway Avenue, Provincetown, MA 02657, USA
| | - Christophe Pampoulie
- Marine and Freshwater Research Institute, Fornubúðir, 5,220, Hanafjörður, Iceland
| | - María J Ruiz-López
- Estación Biológica de Doñana, CSIC, Calle Americo Vespucio 26, 41092, Sevillle, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | | | - Hannes Svardal
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Constantina Theofanopoulou
- The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Ave, New York, NY 10065, USA; Hunter College, City University of New York, NY, USA
| | - Jan de Vries
- University of Goettingen, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, Department of Applied Bioinformatics, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Campus Institute Data Science (CIDAS), Goldschmidtstr. 1, 37077, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Ann-Marie Waldvogel
- Institute of Zoology, University of Cologne, Zülpicherstrasse 47b, D-50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - Guojie Zhang
- Evolutionary & Organismal Biology Research Center, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Villum Center for Biodiversity Genomics, Section for Ecology and Evolution, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China
| | - Erich D Jarvis
- The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Ave, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Miklós Bálint
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics, Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Georg-Voigt-Str. 14-16, 60325 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Claudio Ciofi
- University of Florence, Department of Biology, Via Madonna del Piano 6, Sesto Fiorentino, (FI) 50019, Italy
| | - Robert M Waterhouse
- University of Lausanne, Department of Ecology and Evolution, Le Biophore, UNIL-Sorge, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Camila J Mazzoni
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW), Alfred-Kowalke-Str 17, 10315 Berlin, Germany; Berlin Center for Genomics in Biodiversity Research (BeGenDiv), Koenigin-Luise-Str 6-8, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jacob Höglund
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, 75246, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Banes GL, Fountain ED, Karklus A, Fulton RS, Antonacci-Fulton L, Nelson JO. Nine out of ten samples were mistakenly switched by The Orang-utan Genome Consortium. Sci Data 2022; 9:485. [PMID: 35961988 PMCID: PMC9374732 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-022-01602-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Sumatran orang-utan (Pongo abelii) reference genome was first published in 2011, in conjunction with ten re-sequenced genomes from unrelated wild-caught individuals. Together, these published data have been utilized in almost all great ape genomic studies, plus in much broader comparative genomic research. Here, we report that the original sequencing Consortium inadvertently switched nine of the ten samples and/or resulting re-sequenced genomes, erroneously attributing eight of these to the wrong source individuals. Among them is a genome from the recently identified Tapanuli (P. tapanuliensis) species: thus, this genome was sequenced and published a full six years prior to the species’ description. Sex was wrongly assigned to five known individuals; the numbers in one sample identifier were swapped; and the identifier for another sample most closely resembles that of a sample from another individual entirely. These errors have been reproduced in countless subsequent manuscripts, with noted implications for studies reliant on data from known individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham L Banes
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1220 Capitol Court, Madison, WI, 53715, USA. .,School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA. .,The Orang-utan Conservation Genetics Project, Madison, WI, 53715, USA.
| | - Emily D Fountain
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1220 Capitol Court, Madison, WI, 53715, USA.,The Orang-utan Conservation Genetics Project, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Alyssa Karklus
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.,The Orang-utan Conservation Genetics Project, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Robert S Fulton
- McDonnell Genome Institute at Washington University, Washington University School of Medicine, 4444 Forest Park Avenue, Saint Louis, MO, 63108, USA
| | - Lucinda Antonacci-Fulton
- McDonnell Genome Institute at Washington University, Washington University School of Medicine, 4444 Forest Park Avenue, Saint Louis, MO, 63108, USA
| | - Joanne O Nelson
- McDonnell Genome Institute at Washington University, Washington University School of Medicine, 4444 Forest Park Avenue, Saint Louis, MO, 63108, USA
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