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Wang M, Li J, Li T, Kang S, Jiang S, Huang J, Tang H. Light Supplementation in Pitaya Orchards Induces Pitaya Flowering in Winter by Promoting Phytohormone Biosynthesis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4794. [PMID: 38732009 PMCID: PMC11083671 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The interaction between light and phytohormones is crucial for plant growth and development. The practice of supplementing light at night during winter to promote pitaya flowering and thereby enhance yield has been shown to be crucial and widely used. However, it remains unclear how supplemental winter light regulates phytohormone levels to promote flowering in pitaya. In this study, through analyzing the transcriptome data of pitaya at four different stages (NL, L0, L1, L2), we observed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were mainly enriched in the phytohormone biosynthesis pathway. We further analyzed the data and found that cytokinin (CK) content first increased at the L0 stage and then decreased at the L1 and L2 stages after supplemental light treatment compared to the control (NL). Gibberellin (GA), auxin (IAA), salicylic acid (SA), and jasmonic acid (JA) content increased during the formation of flower buds (L1, L2 stages). In addition, the levels of GA, ethylene (ETH), IAA, and abscisic acid (ABA) increased in flower buds after one week of development (L2f). Our results suggest that winter nighttime supplemental light can interact with endogenous hormone signaling in pitaya, particularly CK, to regulate flower bud formation. These results contribute to a better understanding of the mechanism of phytohormone interactions during the induction of flowering in pitaya under supplemental light in winter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China; (M.W.); (J.L.); (T.L.); (S.K.); (S.J.)
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Jiaxue Li
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China; (M.W.); (J.L.); (T.L.); (S.K.); (S.J.)
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Tao Li
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China; (M.W.); (J.L.); (T.L.); (S.K.); (S.J.)
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Shaoling Kang
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China; (M.W.); (J.L.); (T.L.); (S.K.); (S.J.)
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Senrong Jiang
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China; (M.W.); (J.L.); (T.L.); (S.K.); (S.J.)
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Jiaquan Huang
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China; (M.W.); (J.L.); (T.L.); (S.K.); (S.J.)
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Hua Tang
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China; (M.W.); (J.L.); (T.L.); (S.K.); (S.J.)
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
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Zhang T, Xing K, Chen J, Sabir IA, Shah K, Chen J, Zhang Z, Zhao J, Hu G, Qin Y. Genetic Analyses of Flower Main Traits from Two Pitayas and Their Progenies: A Cactus Plant. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:699. [PMID: 38475546 DOI: 10.3390/plants13050699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Elucidation of the genetic foundation governing crucial traits in pitaya flowers is imperative for enhancing both the ornamental and economic values. In this study, the dynamic variation in flower genetics, segregation variation patterns, and a mixed inheritance model of the major and multigene flower traits of 'Dahong' and 'Honghuaqinglong' pitayas and their progenies were explored. The results showed that the main traits of flowers exhibited varying degrees of variation among the reciprocal F1 hybrids, with the data exhibiting the characteristics of quantitative traits. The betalain content, petal number, and stigma number exhibited values below the median values of the parents, suggesting a genetic inclination towards lower values. Perianth width, calyx tube width, petal number, and stigma number had the same genetic effects and significant correlation. Stigma-related traits had a clear maternal inheritance tendency. The heritability of flower length, stigma relative to anther distance, and petal betalain content was governed by two pairs of additive-dominant major genes. Perianth width, calyx tube width, petal number, and stigma number all conformed to the model of two pairs of equal-additive-dominant major genes. This study provides valuable information for parental selection, cross-breeding, and the enhancement of pitaya varieties to meet market preferences and environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Kangmin Xing
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jiayi Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Irfan Ali Sabir
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Kamran Shah
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jiaxuan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhike Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jietang Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Guibing Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yonghua Qin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Shah K, Chen J, Chen J, Qin Y. Pitaya Nutrition, Biology, and Biotechnology: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13986. [PMID: 37762287 PMCID: PMC10530492 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pitaya (Hylocereus spp.) is a member of the cactus family that is native to Central and South America but is now cultivated throughout the sub-tropical and tropical regions of the world. It is of great importance due to its nutritional, ornamental, coloring, medicinal, industrial, and high consumption values. In order to effectively utilize and develop the available genetic resources, it is necessary to appreciate and understand studies pertaining to the usage, origin, nutrition, diversity, evaluation, characterization, conservation, taxonomy, and systematics of the genus Hylocereus. Additionally, to gain a basic understanding of the biology of the plant, this review has also discussed how biotechnological tools, such as cell and tissue culture, micropropagation (i.e., somatic embryogenesis, organogenesis, somaclonal variation, mutagenesis, androgenesis, gynogenesis, and altered ploidy), virus-induced gene silencing, and molecular marker technology, have been used to enhance pitaya germplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamran Shah
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (K.S.); (J.C.); (J.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jiayi Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (K.S.); (J.C.); (J.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jiaxuan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (K.S.); (J.C.); (J.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yonghua Qin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (K.S.); (J.C.); (J.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Wu Z, Huang L, Huang F, Lu G, Wei S, Liu C, Deng H, Liang G. Temporal transcriptome analysis provides molecular insights into flower development in red-flesh pitaya. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2022.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Tel-Zur N. Breeding an underutilized fruit crop: a long-term program for Hylocereus. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhac078. [PMID: 35707296 PMCID: PMC9189603 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This review describes three decades of introduction, agro-technology development, breeding and selection of Hylocereus species, known as pitaya or dragon fruit, as an example of a holistic program aimed to develop the horticultural potential of a perennial underutilized fruit crop. Interspecific homoploid and interploid crosses and embryo rescue procedures produced improved hybrids, some of which have been released to farmers. Molecular tools and morphological and phenological comparisons between the parental species and the resulting hybrids provided valuable information on dominant/recessive traits and on genetic relationships that could be exploited for further hybridizations. In addition, Hylocereus were crossed with species of the closely related genus Selenicereus, producing valuable intergeneric hybrids. In situ chromosome doubling resulted in the production of autopolyploid lines, from which an understanding of the effect of increased ploidy on fruit traits and metabolomic profiles was obtained. Gamete-derived lines were produced, adding to our biobank homozygote lines that were subsequently used for further hybridization. Spontaneous chromosome doubling occurred in haploid gamete-derived Hylocereus monacanthus lines and in interspecific interploid Hylocereus megalanthus × H. undatus hybrids obtained from an embryo rescue procedure, resulting in plants with double the expected ploidy. Challenging technical problems were addressed by the development of protocols for DNA isolation, flow cytometry, in situ chromosome doubling, androgenesis, gynogenesis and embryo rescue following interspecific and interploidy crosses. Current research leading to the development of genomics and molecular tools, including a draft genome of H. undatus, is also presented. Perspectives for further development of Hylocereus species and hybrids are discussed.
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Enríquez-González C, Garcidueñas-Piña C, Castellanos-Hernández OA, Enríquez-Aranda S, Loera-Muro A, Ocampo G, Pérez-Molphe Balch E, Morales-Domínguez JF. De Novo Transcriptome of Mammillaria bombycina (Cactaceae) under In Vitro Conditions and Identification of Glyoxalase Genes. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11030399. [PMID: 35161380 PMCID: PMC8838482 DOI: 10.3390/plants11030399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mammillaria bombycina is a cactus distributed in the central region of Mexico. Cactaceae have the particularity of surviving drought and high temperatures, which is why in vitro propagation studies have been carried out successfully to preserve this species and use it as a study model in cacti. In this contribution, a de novo transcriptome of M. bombycina was produced under in vitro conditions for the identification and expression of genes related to abiotic stress. Samples were sequenced using an Illumina platform, averaging 24 million clean readings. From assembly and annotation, 84,975 transcripts were generated, 55% of which were unigenes. Among these, the presence of 13 isoforms of genes belonging to glyoxalase I, II and III were identified. An analysis of the qRT-PCR expression of these genes was performed under in vitro and ex vitro conditions and dehydration at 6 and 24 h. The highest expression was observed under greenhouse conditions and dehydration at 24 h, according to the control. The de novo assembly of the M. bombycina transcriptome remains a study model for future work in cacti.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Enríquez-González
- Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Av. Universidad 940, Aguascalientes 20100, Mexico
| | - Cristina Garcidueñas-Piña
- Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Av. Universidad 940, Aguascalientes 20100, Mexico
| | - Osvaldo Adrián Castellanos-Hernández
- Centro de Investigación en Biología Molecular Vegetal, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara, Av. Universidad, 1115, Linda Vista, Ocotlán 47810, Mexico
| | - Sergio Enríquez-Aranda
- Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Departamento de Sistemas de la Información, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Av. Universidad 940, Aguascalientes 20100, Mexico
| | - Abraham Loera-Muro
- CONACyT Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste S.C., Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz 23096, Mexico
| | - Gilberto Ocampo
- Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Av. Universidad 940, Aguascalientes 20100, Mexico
| | - Eugenio Pérez-Molphe Balch
- Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Av. Universidad 940, Aguascalientes 20100, Mexico
| | - José Francisco Morales-Domínguez
- Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Av. Universidad 940, Aguascalientes 20100, Mexico
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Huang S, Han D, Wang J, Guo D, Li J. Floral Induction of Longan ( Dimocarpus longan) by Potassium Chlorate: Application, Mechanism, and Future Perspectives. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:670587. [PMID: 34163509 PMCID: PMC8215610 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.670587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Longan (Dimocarpus longan L.) is one of the most important tropical and subtropical fruits in the world. Longan fruit has high nutritional and medical value, and is regarded as a treasure among fruits. Since it was first reported that potassium chlorate (KClO3) could be successfully applied to promote flowering in longan, this compound has been widely used in the production of on-season and off-season longan fruits. KClO3 has thus played a great role in promoting the development of the longan industry. In this review, we summarize the application methods, influencing factors, and physiological and molecular mechanisms associated with KClO3-mediated induction of longan flowering. It can be deduced that leaves may play a crucial role in the transport of and response to KClO3. Leaves supply carbon and nitrogen nutrition, and hormone and signaling molecules needed for the differentiation of apical buds. Moreover, cytokinins may be crucial for KClO3-mediated induction of longan flowering. More effort should be focused on studying the molecular mechanisms underlying this process. This will not only help us to better understand floral induction by KClO3 in longan but also enrich our understanding of flowering regulation mechanisms in woody plants.
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Ma H, Wu J, Zhang H, Tang H, Wan Y. Identification and expression profiling of genes involved in circadian clock regulation in red dragon fruit ( Hylocereus polyrhizus) by full-length transcriptome sequencing. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2021; 16:1907054. [PMID: 33825662 PMCID: PMC8143213 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2021.1907054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) plants fix CO2 at night, exhibiting a reversed regulatory pattern of metabolomic pathways compared with most model plants, which have C3 and C4 pathways. In this study, we used a valuable tropic fruit, red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus), as model plant to identify and analyze the circadian regulation genes. Due to the absence of red dragon fruit's whole-genome dataset, we established a full-length transcriptome dataset using single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing method. A 7.66-Gb dataset with 4,552,474 subreads was generated, with an average length of 1,683 bp and an N50 of 2,446 bp. Using this dataset, we identified center oscillator genes: CCA1 (CIRCADIAN CLOCK ASSOCIATED1), ELF3 (EARLY FLOWERING 3), GI (GIGANTEA), LHY (LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL), LNK1 (NIGHT LIGHT-INDUCIBLE AND CLOCK-REGULATED 1), and TOC1 (TIMING OF CAB EXPRESSION 1); a gene for the input pathway: CRY1 (CRYPTOCHROME); a gene for the output pathway: CO (CONSTANS); and genes related to the CAM pathway: MDH (MALATE DEHYDROGENASE), ME (MALIC ENZYMES), and PPDK (PYRUVATE PHOSPHATE DIKINASE). We further established the 24-h rhythmic expression pattern of these genes and classified these into three groups: HpCCA1, HpELF3, HpLHY, HpLNK1, and HpGI have expression peaks during the day; HpTOC1, HpCO, and HpCRY1 have highest expression levels at night; The genes involved in the CAM pathways, namely, HpMDH, HpME1, and HpPPDK, have double expression peaks in the day and night. Comparison of these expression patterns between red dragon fruit and model plants could provide clues in understanding the circadian clock regulation and the activity of the CAM pathways in cactus plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaqing Ma
- College of Tropic Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Jiao Wu
- College of Tropic Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - He Zhang
- College of Tropic Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Hua Tang
- College of Tropic Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Yinglang Wan
- College of Tropic Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Hainan University, Haikou, China
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Zheng J, Meinhardt LW, Goenaga R, Zhang D, Yin Y. The chromosome-level genome of dragon fruit reveals whole-genome duplication and chromosomal co-localization of betacyanin biosynthetic genes. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2021; 8:63. [PMID: 33750805 PMCID: PMC7943767 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-021-00501-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Dragon fruits are tropical fruits economically important for agricultural industries. As members of the family of Cactaceae, they have evolved to adapt to the arid environment. Here we report the draft genome of Hylocereus undatus, commercially known as the white-fleshed dragon fruit. The chromosomal level genome assembly contains 11 longest scaffolds corresponding to the 11 chromosomes of H. undatus. Genome annotation of H. undatus found ~29,000 protein-coding genes, similar to Carnegiea gigantea (saguaro). Whole-genome duplication (WGD) analysis revealed a WGD event in the last common ancestor of Cactaceae followed by extensive genome rearrangements. The divergence time between H. undatus and C. gigantea was estimated to be 9.18 MYA. Functional enrichment analysis of orthologous gene clusters (OGCs) in six Cactaceae plants found significantly enriched OGCs in drought resistance. Fruit flavor-related functions were overrepresented in OGCs that are significantly expanded in H. undatus. The H. undatus draft genome also enabled the discovery of carbohydrate and plant cell wall-related functional enrichment in dragon fruits treated with trypsin for a longer storage time. Lastly, genes of the betacyanin (a red-violet pigment and antioxidant with a very high concentration in dragon fruits) biosynthetic pathway were found to be co-localized on a 12 Mb region of one chromosome. The consequence may be a higher efficiency of betacyanin biosynthesis, which will need experimental validation in the future. The H. undatus draft genome will be a great resource to study various cactus plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfang Zheng
- Nebraska Food for Health Center, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | | | - Ricardo Goenaga
- Tropical Agriculture Research Station, USDA-ARS, Puerto Rico, PR, USA
| | - Dapeng Zhang
- Sustainable Perennial Crops Lab, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD, USA.
| | - Yanbin Yin
- Nebraska Food for Health Center, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA.
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Torres-Silva G, Correia LNF, Batista DS, Koehler AD, Resende SV, Romanel E, Cassol D, Almeida AMR, Strickler SR, Specht CD, Otoni WC. Transcriptome Analysis of Melocactus glaucescens (Cactaceae) Reveals Metabolic Changes During in vitro Shoot Organogenesis Induction. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:697556. [PMID: 34490003 PMCID: PMC8417902 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.697556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Melocactus glaucescens is an endangered cactus highly valued for its ornamental properties. In vitro shoot production of this species provides a sustainable alternative to overharvesting from the wild; however, its propagation could be improved if the genetic regulation underlying its developmental processes were known. The present study generated de novo transcriptome data, describing in vitro shoot organogenesis induction in M. glaucescens. Total RNA was extracted from explants before (control) and after shoot organogenesis induction (treated). A total of 14,478 unigenes (average length, 520 bases) were obtained using Illumina HiSeq 3000 (Illumina Inc., San Diego, CA, USA) sequencing and transcriptome assembly. Filtering for differential expression yielded 2,058 unigenes. Pairwise comparison of treated vs. control genes revealed that 1,241 (60.3%) unigenes exhibited no significant change, 226 (11%) were downregulated, and 591 (28.7%) were upregulated. Based on database analysis, more transcription factor families and unigenes appeared to be upregulated in the treated samples than in controls. Expression of WOUND INDUCED DEDIFFERENTIATION 1 (WIND1) and CALMODULIN (CaM) genes, both of which were upregulated in treated samples, was further validated by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Differences in gene expression patterns between control and treated samples indicate substantial changes in the primary and secondary metabolism of M. glaucescens after the induction of shoot organogenesis. These results help to clarify the molecular genetics and functional genomic aspects underlying propagation in the Cactaceae family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Torres-Silva
- Plant Biology Department/Laboratory of Plant Tissue Culture II—BIOAGRO, Federal University of Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Ludmila Nayara Freitas Correia
- Plant Biology Department/Laboratory of Plant Tissue Culture II—BIOAGRO, Federal University of Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Diego Silva Batista
- Department of Agriculture, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), Bananeiras, Brazil
| | - Andréa Dias Koehler
- Plant Biology Department/Laboratory of Plant Tissue Culture II—BIOAGRO, Federal University of Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, Brazil
| | | | - Elisson Romanel
- Laboratory of Plant Genomics and Bioenergy, Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering of Lorena, University of São Paulo, Lorena, Brazil
| | - Daniela Cassol
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Ana Maria Rocha Almeida
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, California State University East Bay, Hayward, CA, United States
| | - Susan R. Strickler
- Computational Biology Center, Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Chelsea Dvorak Specht
- Plant Biology Section and the L. H. Bailey Hortorium, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Wagner Campos Otoni
- Plant Biology Department/Laboratory of Plant Tissue Culture II—BIOAGRO, Federal University of Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Wagner Campos Otoni
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