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Wang L, Zhu J, Hu M, Cai L, Wang Y, Zhou X, Zhang L, Zhu C, Wang H, Wang G, Li J. Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals molecular mechanisms of the effects of light intensity and photoperiod on ovarian development in Procambarus clarkii (Girard, 1852). COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2024; 52:101329. [PMID: 39298879 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2024.101329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 09/10/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Procambarus clarkii (Girard, 1852) has important economic value in China and internationally. In this research, the comparative transcriptome analysis was used to reveal molecular mechanisms of influences of photoperiod and light intensity on ovarian development in P. clarkii for the first time. Some genes (such as laminin, collagen, integrin beta, catenin) and pathways (including TGF-beta signaling pathway, focal adhesion, ECM-receptor interaction) associated with ovarian development and oocyte maturation were significantly upregulated. Some genes related to circadian clock (such as CLK, PER) were identified in this research. The results indicated that when light intensity or photoperiod increased, P. clarkii could up-regulate the expression levels of the laminin and collagen, thereby synthesizing related proteins, promoting meiosis of the oocytes, thus increasing the number of oocytes in the ovary. At the same time, P. clarkii could up-regulate the expression levels of integrin beta, integrin alpha 6, and diacylglycerol to synthesize related proteins, thereby promoting the formation of proteins and fats such as triglycerides, these proteins and fats can provide material basis for maturation and development of oocytes, resulting in oocyte maturation and ovarian development. P. clarkii could synthesize related proteins by upregulating expression levels of genes (such as catenin), these proteins or hormones can adhere to other actins (such as integrins), thereby stabilizing the morphology of the oocytes and ensuring normal development. Meantime, the increase in light intensity or photoperiod could cause release GSH and VTG, resulting in oocytes development and maturation. The data in this research can reveal molecular mechanisms of impacts of photoperiod and light intensity on oocyte maturation and ovarian development in P. clarkii, can offer crucial genomic data for studying developmental mechanisms of ovary and oocyte in crustacean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Wang
- Jiangsu Engineering Center for Breeding of Special Aquatic Organisms, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, China
| | - Jingyuan Zhu
- Jiangsu Engineering Center for Breeding of Special Aquatic Organisms, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, China
| | - Meng Hu
- Jiangsu Engineering Center for Breeding of Special Aquatic Organisms, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, China
| | - Lin Cai
- Jiangsu Engineering Center for Breeding of Special Aquatic Organisms, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, China
| | - Yurui Wang
- Jiangsu Engineering Center for Breeding of Special Aquatic Organisms, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, China
| | - Xinyi Zhou
- Jiangsu Engineering Center for Breeding of Special Aquatic Organisms, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, China
| | - Lingyu Zhang
- Jiangsu Engineering Center for Breeding of Special Aquatic Organisms, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, China
| | - Chuankun Zhu
- Jiangsu Engineering Center for Breeding of Special Aquatic Organisms, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Jiangsu Engineering Center for Breeding of Special Aquatic Organisms, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China.
| | - Guiling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Jiale Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
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Jiang M, Han Q, Xu L, Peng R, Zhang T, Jiang X. Comparative transcriptomic analysis of the different developmental stages of ovary in the cuttlefish Sepia pharaonis. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:94. [PMID: 38262950 PMCID: PMC10804787 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-09981-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The cuttlefish, Sepia pharaonis, is characterized by rapid growth and strong disease resistance, making it an important commercially farmed cephalopod species in the southeastern coastal regions of China. However, in the reproductive process of S. pharaonis, there are challenges such as a low output of eggs, poor quality, and low survival rates of newly hatched juveniles. Therefore, there is an urgent need to study the molecular mechanisms underlying ovarian development in this species. In this study, we conducted the first transcriptomic analysis of the ovary at four developmental stages: the undeveloped stage, developing stage, nearly-ripe stage, and ripe stage, and compared the transcriptomics among these four stages using Illumina sequencing technology. The total numbers of clean reads of the four stages ranged from 40,890,772 to 52,055,714 reads. A total of 136,829 DEGs were obtained, GC base ratios of raw data were between 38.44 and 44.59%, and the number of uniquely mapped reads spanned from 88.08 to 95.90%. The Pearson correlation coefficient demonstrated a strong correlation among different samples within the same group, PCA and Anosim analysis also revealed that the grouping of these four stages was feasible, and each stage could be distinguished from the others. GO enrichment analysis demonstrated that ovarian follicle growth, sex differentiation, and transforming growth factor beta receptor, played a foreshadowing role at the early ovarian development stage, and the terms of small molecule metabolic process, peptide metabolic process, and catalytic activity were prominent at the mature stage. Meanwhile, KEGG analysis showed that the early ovarian development of S. pharaonis was mainly associated with the cell cycle, DNA replication, and carbon metabolism, while the mid-late ovarian development was involved with the signal transduction, endocrine system, and reproduction pathway. RT-qPCR further confirmed the consistent expression patterns of genes such as 17β-HSD, GH, VGS, NFR, and NYR in the ovaries of S. pharaonis, exhibiting elevated levels of expression during the maturation stage. Conversely, ER and OM exhibited high expression levels during the early stages of ovarian development. These transcriptomic data provide insights into the molecular mechanisms of S. pharaonis ovarian development. The findings of this study will contribute to improving the reproduction and development of cuttlefish and enriching the bioinformatics knowledge of cephalopods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maowang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, 315832, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Qingxi Han
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, 315832, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Liting Xu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, 315832, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Ruibing Peng
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, 315832, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Marine Fisheries Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan, 316022, China
| | - Xiamin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, 315832, Zhejiang Province, PR China.
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Liu S, Wang Z, Wang Z, Wu Q, Zhou J, Wang R, Han J, Su X. Comparison of the gut microbiota and metabolism in different regions of Red Swamp Crayfish ( Procambarus clarkii). Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1289634. [PMID: 38188569 PMCID: PMC10770849 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1289634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The gut microbiota is very important for maintaining the homeostasis and health of crustaceans. Many factors affect the gut microbiota of crustaceans, one of which is temperature. However, it is currently unclear how temperature affects the gut microbiota and metabolites of Procambarus clarkii. Methods Using metagenomic sequencing and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) techniques, the gut microbiota and metabolites of P. clarkii from Hubei (HB), Jiangsu (JS), Shandong (SD), and Zhejiang (ZJ) in China were investigated. Results Under the impact of temperature, the gut microbiota and metabolites of P. clarkii exhibit a specific trend of change. The primary pathogenic bacteria affecting P. clarkii are Citrobacter, Enterobacterium, and Aeromonas, which are affected by temperature. Two metabolites, namely, sugars and amino acids, are regulated by temperature. Implication This study demonstrated that the gut microbiota and gut metabolites of P. clarkii were considerably affected by temperature. It provides a theoretical basis for the systematic study of P. clarkii and provides a basis for a healthy culture of P. clarkii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songyi Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Ziyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Ze Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Qiaoli Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Rixin Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jiaojiao Han
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xiurong Su
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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Huang J, Zhu W, Peng M, Yang C, Chen X, Wu T, Zeng D, Zhao Y, Chen X. Cloning, Identification, and Functional Analysis of the Foxl2 Gene in Procambarus clarkii. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:2190. [PMID: 38137012 PMCID: PMC10743188 DOI: 10.3390/genes14122190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Procambarus clarkii is the most widely distributed freshwater shrimp in China, with important economic value and great potential for development. The forkheadboxL2 (Foxl2) gene has been found to be involved in the reproductive development of many crustaceans. To understand the role of the Foxl2 gene in the gonad development of P. clarkii, we designed CDS-specific primers for the P. clarkii Foxl2 (PcFoxl2) gene and cloned its CDS sequence using RT-PCR. The nucleotide and protein sequence information was then analyzed through bioinformatics analysis. The expression and subcellular localization of PcFoxl2 in various tissues were detected using qRT-PCR and in situ hybridization. The effects of PcFoxl2 knockdown on gonad development were investigated using RNA interference. The results showed that the CDS length of the PcFoxl2 gene was 1614 bp and encoded 537 amino acids. Protein sequence comparison and phylogenetic analysis showed that PcFoxl2 was the closest relative to Crayfish. qRT-PCR analysis indicated that the expression level of PcFoxl2 in the testis was significantly higher (>40 fold) than that in the ovary (p < 0.01). The in situ hybridization results showed that PcFoxl2 was expressed in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus of egg cells, and that the expression was strongest in egg cells at the early stage of yolk synthesis, while weak in the secondary oocytes. The positive signal was strongest in the spermatocyte nucleolus, while only a trace signal was observed in the cytoplasm. After interfering with the PcFoxl2 gene using dsRNA, the expression of PcFoxl2 in the RNA interference group was significantly lower than that in the control group, and this interference effect lasted for one week. Moreover, the gonad index of the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group (p < 0.05) after 10 days of P. clarkii cultivation following PcFoxl2 knockdown. The expression levels of the nanos and S3a genes, which are related to gonad development, decreased significantly after PcFoxl2 gene interference. The results suggest that the Foxl2 gene is involved in the growth and development of gonads, particularly in the development of testis, and is related to the early development of oocytes. This study provides a theoretical basis for the artificial breeding of P. clarkii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Science, Nanning 530021, China; (J.H.); (M.P.); (C.Y.); (X.C.); (T.W.); (D.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Weilin Zhu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Science, Nanning 530021, China; (J.H.); (M.P.); (C.Y.); (X.C.); (T.W.); (D.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Min Peng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Science, Nanning 530021, China; (J.H.); (M.P.); (C.Y.); (X.C.); (T.W.); (D.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Chunling Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Science, Nanning 530021, China; (J.H.); (M.P.); (C.Y.); (X.C.); (T.W.); (D.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Xiaohan Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Science, Nanning 530021, China; (J.H.); (M.P.); (C.Y.); (X.C.); (T.W.); (D.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Tiejun Wu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Science, Nanning 530021, China; (J.H.); (M.P.); (C.Y.); (X.C.); (T.W.); (D.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Digang Zeng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Science, Nanning 530021, China; (J.H.); (M.P.); (C.Y.); (X.C.); (T.W.); (D.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yongzhen Zhao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Science, Nanning 530021, China; (J.H.); (M.P.); (C.Y.); (X.C.); (T.W.); (D.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Xiuli Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Science, Nanning 530021, China; (J.H.); (M.P.); (C.Y.); (X.C.); (T.W.); (D.Z.); (Y.Z.)
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Wan H, Sheng Y, Zhang Z, Jia X, Wang Y. Comparative Transcriptome Reveals the Potential Modulation Mechanisms of Spdsx Affecting Ovarian Development of Scylla paramamosain. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 24:1055-1065. [PMID: 36173492 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-022-10165-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In previous study, we reported the identification, tissue distribution, and the roles of Spdsx played in the testis, androgenic gland, and ovary in Scylla paramamosain. Here, we primally identify its potential target genes in the ovary with RNAi and RNA-Seq technology. By comparing the transcriptome data of two groups (ovaries that injected with dsRNA for EGFP and Dsx), we found that 6520 Unigenes were differentially expressed, including a plenty of conserved crucial genes involved in ovarian development, such as vitellogenin (vtg), vtg receptor (vtgR), apolipoprotein D, adenylate cyclase 3, adenylate cyclase 5, cyclin A, cyclin B, and cell division cycle 2 (cdc2). In addition, these DEGs were also enriched in pathways related to ovary development, including PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, insulin signaling pathway, Wnt signaling pathway, relaxin signaling pathway, estrogen signaling pathway, progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation, ovarian steroidogenesis, and oocyte meiosis. Moreover, several genes were selected for qRT-PCR to validate the accuracy of the bioinformatic result. According to current transcriptome result, we speculate that the Spdsx is a crucial regulator of ovary development in S. paramamosain. To the best of our knowledge, the current study was the first report about dsx function through comparative transcriptome analysis in crustacean species, which not only identified relevant genes and pathways involved in ovarian development of S. paramamosain, but also shed light on the regulatory mechanisms of dsx at the molecular level in crustacean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifu Wan
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
- Fujian Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Yinzhen Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
- Fujian Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Ziping Zhang
- College of Marine Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xiwei Jia
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
- Fujian Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Yilei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China.
- Fujian Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Xiamen, 361021, China.
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Transcription Analysis for Core Networks of lncRNAs–mRNAs: Implication for Potential Role in Sterility of Crassostrea gigas. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11030378. [PMID: 35336752 PMCID: PMC8945556 DOI: 10.3390/biology11030378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary This study reveals the expression profiles of lncRNA in the gonads of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. The potential function of lncRNAs was predicted in the case of antisense and cis-regulatory mechanisms based on their physical positions and their coexpression relationships in the case of trans regulation. Sterility-related DEGs and DELs were chosen for subsequent analysis, demonstrating that trans-regulatory lncRNAs might play a vital role in the gametogenesis of C. gigas. We constructed core networks of lncRNAs–mRNAs for triploid sterile females and hermaphrodites based on pathway results, in which 28 lncRNAs and their 54 trans-regulatory genes were detected. Among 28 sterility-specific lncRNAs, MSTRG.79882.3 and MSTRG.79882.4 for triploid sterile females and MSTRG.33704.1, MSTRG.63844.1, and MSTRG.5675.1 for hermaphrodites play the most significant role. Abstract Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), a type of non-protein-coding transcript, is emerging as a crucial regulator of gene expression. However, few roles of lncRNA in the reproductive process of the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) have been defined, especially in the regulatory mechanism of sterile triploids gametogenesis. To uncover the potential role of lncRNA, the gonads of diploids, sterile triploids, and partially sterile triploids underwent RNA sequencing. A total of 9618 reliable lncRNAs were identified. The target relationship between lncRNA and mRNA was predicted based on cis, trans, and antisense regulation with bioinformatic software. We chose differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs when sterile triploids were compared to partially sterile triploids and diploids for subsequent functional enrichment analysis. Findings revealed that trans-regulatory lncRNAs might play a significant role in the gametogenesis of C. gigas. Combining pathway results, we constructed core networks of lncRNAs–mRNAs for triploid sterile females and hermaphrodites. Fifty-four genes related to cell division, germline-cell maintenance, and glycogen metabolism were found to be associated with sterility. A total of 28 candidate lncRNAs were predicted to trans-regulate these genes. We speculated that MSTRG.79882.3 and MSTRG.79882.4 for triploid sterile females and MSTRG.33704.1, MSTRG.63844.1, and MSTRG.5675.1 for hermaphrodites were highly important as they were predicted to regulate more sterility-specific genes than others. Our work collectively identified sterility-related lncRNAs and implicated the potential mechanism of lncRNA-mediated regulation in the gametogenesis of sterile triploid oysters.
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