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Braz JD, Sardi JDCO, Pitangui NDS, Voltan AR, Almeida AMF, Mendes-Giannini MJS. Gene expression of Paracoccidioides virulence factors after interaction with macrophages and fibroblasts. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2021; 116:e200592. [PMID: 33787770 PMCID: PMC8011670 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760200592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a systemic mycosis with high prevalence in Latin America that is caused by thermodimorphic fungal species of the Paracoccidioides genus. OBJECTIVES In this study, we used quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to investigate the expression of genes related to the virulence of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis (Pb18) and P. lutzii (Pb01) strains in their mycelial (M) and yeast (Y) forms after contact with alveolar macrophages (AMJ2-C11 cell line) and fibroblasts (MRC-5 cell line). METHODS The selected genes were those coding for 43 kDa glycoprotein (gp43), enolase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), 14-3-3 protein (30 kDa), phospholipase, and aspartyl protease. FINDINGS In the Pb18 M form, the aspartyl protease gene showed the highest expression among all genes tested, both before and after infection of host cells. In the Pb18 Y form after macrophage infection, the 14-3-3 gene showed the highest expression among all genes tested, followed by the phospholipase and gp43 genes, and their expression was 50-fold, 10-fold, and 6-fold higher, respectively, than that in the M form. After fibroblast infection with the Pb18 Y form, the 14-3-3 gene showed the highest expression, followed by the phospholipase and aspartyl protease genes, and their expression was 25-fold, 10-fold, and 10-fold higher, respectively, than that in the M form. Enolase and aspartyl protease genes were expressed upon infection of both cell lines. After macrophage infection with the Pb01 Y form, the 14-3-3 gene showed the highest expression, followed by the phospholipase and aspartyl protease genes, and their expression was 18-fold, 12.5-fold, and 6-fold higher, respectively, than that in the M form. MAIN CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the data show that the expression of the genes analysed may be upregulated upon fungus-host interaction. Therefore, these genes may be involved in the pathogenesis of paracoccidioidomycosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline Derissi Braz
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Araraquara, SP, Brasil
| | - Janaina de Cássia Orlandi Sardi
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Araraquara, SP, Brasil
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil
| | - Nayla de Souza Pitangui
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Araraquara, SP, Brasil
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Aline Raquel Voltan
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Araraquara, SP, Brasil
| | - Ana Marisa Fusco Almeida
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Araraquara, SP, Brasil
| | - Maria José Soares Mendes-Giannini
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Araraquara, SP, Brasil
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Rodrigues AM, Kubitschek-Barreira PH, Pinheiro BG, Teixeira-Ferreira A, Hahn RC, de Camargo ZP. Immunoproteomic Analysis Reveals Novel Candidate Antigens for the Diagnosis of Paracoccidioidomycosis Due to Paracoccidioides lutzii. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:jof6040357. [PMID: 33322269 PMCID: PMC7770604 DOI: 10.3390/jof6040357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a life-threatening systemic infection caused by the fungal pathogen Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and related species. Whole-genome sequencing and stage-specific proteomic analysis of Paracoccidioides offer the opportunity to profile humoral immune responses against P. lutzii and P. brasiliensis s. str. infection using innovative screening approaches. Here, an immunoproteomic approach was used to identify PCM-associated antigens that elicit immune responses by combining 2-D electrophoresis of P. lutzii and P. brasiliensis proteomes, immunological detection using a gold-standard serum, and mass spectrometry analysis. A total of 16 and 25 highly immunoreactive proteins were identified in P. lutzii and P. brasiliensis, respectively, and 29 were shown to be the novel antigens for Paracoccidioides species, including seven uncharacterized proteins. Among the panel of proteins identified, most are involved in metabolic pathways, carbon metabolism, and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in both immunoproteomes. Remarkably, six isoforms of the surface-associated enolase in the range of 54 kDa were identified as the major antigens in human PCM due to P. lutzii. These novel immunoproteomes of Paracoccidioides will be employed to develop a sensitive and affordable point-of-care diagnostic assay and an effective vaccine to identify infected hosts and prevent infection and development of human PCM. These findings provide a unique opportunity for the refinement of diagnostic tools of this important neglected systemic mycosis, which is usually associated with poverty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson Messias Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Emerging Fungal Pathogens, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Discipline of Cellular Biology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04023062, Brazil;
- Correspondence: (A.M.R.); (Z.P.d.C.); Tel.: +55-1155764551 (ext. 1540) (A.M.R.); +55-1155764551 (ext. 1512) (Z.P.d.C.)
| | - Paula Helena Kubitschek-Barreira
- Department of Cellular Biology, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro 20511010, Brazil;
| | - Breno Gonçalves Pinheiro
- Laboratory of Emerging Fungal Pathogens, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Discipline of Cellular Biology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04023062, Brazil;
| | - André Teixeira-Ferreira
- Toxinology Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Pharmacodynamics, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040900, Brazil;
| | - Rosane Christine Hahn
- Laboratory of Mycology/Research, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá 78060900, Brazil;
- Júlio Muller University Hospital, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá 78048902, Brazil
| | - Zoilo Pires de Camargo
- Laboratory of Emerging Fungal Pathogens, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Discipline of Cellular Biology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04023062, Brazil;
- Department of Medicine, Discipline of Infectious Diseases, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04023062, Brazil
- Correspondence: (A.M.R.); (Z.P.d.C.); Tel.: +55-1155764551 (ext. 1540) (A.M.R.); +55-1155764551 (ext. 1512) (Z.P.d.C.)
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Petito G, de Curcio JS, Pereira M, Bailão AM, Paccez JD, Tristão GB, de Morais COB, de Souza MV, de Castro Moreira Santos A, Fontes W, Ricart CAO, de Almeida Soares CM. Metabolic Adaptation of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis in Response to in vitro Copper Deprivation. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1834. [PMID: 32849434 PMCID: PMC7430155 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Copper is an essential micronutrient for the performance of important biochemical processes such as respiration detoxification, and uptake of metals like iron. Studies have shown that copper deprivation is a strategy used by the host against pathogenic fungi such as Cryptoccocus neoformans and Candida albicans during growth and development of infections in the lungs and kidneys. Although there are some studies, little is known about the impact of copper deprivation in members of the Paracoccidioides genus. Therefore, using isobaric tag labeling (iTRAQ)-Based proteomic approach and LC-MS/MS, we analyzed the impact of in vitro copper deprivation in the metabolism of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. One hundred and sixty-four (164) differentially abundant proteins were identified when yeast cells were deprived of copper, which affected cellular respiration and detoxification processes. Changes in cellular metabolism such as increased beta oxidation and cell wall remodeling were described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Petito
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Juliana Santana de Curcio
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Maristela Pereira
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Melo Bailão
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Juliano Domiraci Paccez
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Brum Tristão
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo Valle de Souza
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | | | - Wagner Fontes
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
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e Silva KSF, Lima RM, Baeza LC, Lima PDS, Cordeiro TDM, Charneau S, da Silva RA, Soares CMDA, Pereira M. Interactome of Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Points to the Existence of Metabolons in Paracoccidioides lutzii. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1537. [PMID: 31338083 PMCID: PMC6629890 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Paracoccidioides is a dimorphic fungus, the causative agent of paracoccidioidomycosis. The disease is endemic within Latin America and prevalent in Brazil. The treatment is based on azoles, sulfonamides and amphotericin B. The seeking for new treatment approaches is a real necessity for neglected infections. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is an essential glycolytic enzyme, well known for its multitude of functions within cells, therefore categorized as a moonlight protein. To our knowledge, this is the first approach performed on the Paracoccidioides genus regarding the description of PPIs having GAPDH as a target. Here, we show an overview of experimental GAPDH interactome in different phases of Paracoccidioides lutzii and an in silico analysis of 18 proteins partners. GAPDH interacted with 207 proteins in P. lutzii. Several proteins bound to GAPDH in mycelium, transition and yeast phases are common to important pathways such as glycolysis and TCA. We performed a co-immunoprecipitation assay to validate the complex formed by GAPDH with triose phosphate isomerase, enolase, isocitrate lyase and 2-methylcitrate synthase. We found GAPDH participating in complexes with proteins of specific pathways, indicating the existence of a glycolytic and a TCA metabolon in P. lutzii. GAPDH interacted with several proteins that undergoes regulation by nitrosylation. In addition, we modeled the GAPDH 3-D structure, performed molecular dynamics and molecular docking in order to identify the interacting interface between GAPDH and the interacting proteins. Despite the large number of interacting proteins, GAPDH has only four main regions of contact with interacting proteins, reflecting its ancestrality and conservation over evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raisa Melo Lima
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Lilian Cristiane Baeza
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Patrícia de Sousa Lima
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Thuany de Moura Cordeiro
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Química de Proteínas, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Sébastien Charneau
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Química de Proteínas, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Roosevelt Alves da Silva
- Núcleo Colaborativo de Biossistemas, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Jataí, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | - Maristela Pereira
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
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de Oliveira AR, Oliveira LN, Chaves EGA, Weber SS, Bailão AM, Parente-Rocha JA, Baeza LC, de Almeida Soares CM, Borges CL. Characterization of extracellular proteins in members of the Paracoccidioides complex. Fungal Biol 2018; 122:738-751. [PMID: 30007425 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Paracoccidioides is a thermodimorphic fungus that causes Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) - an endemic systemic mycosis in Latin America. The genus comprises several phylogenetic species which present some genetic and serological differences. The diversity presented among isolates of the same genus has been explored in several microorganisms. There have also been attempts to clarify differences that might be related to virulence existing in isolates that cause the same disease. In this work, we analyzed the secretome of two isolates in the Paracoccidioides genus, isolates Pb01 and PbEpm83, and performed infection assays in macrophages to evaluate the influence of the secretomes of those isolates upon an in vitro model of infection. The use of a label-free proteomics approach (LC-MSE) allowed us to identify 92 proteins that are secreted by those strains. Of those proteins, 35 were differentially secreted in Pb01, and 36 in PbEpm83. According to the functional annotation, most of the identified proteins are related to adhesion and virulence processes. These results provide evidence that different members of the Paracoccidioides complex can quantitatively secrete different proteins, which may influence the characteristics of virulence, as well as host-related processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Rodrigues de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Lucas Nojosa Oliveira
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Patologia Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Edilânia Gomes Araújo Chaves
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Simone Schneider Weber
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Itacoatiara, Amazonas, Brazil; Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Melo Bailão
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Juliana Alves Parente-Rocha
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Lilian Cristiane Baeza
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Célia Maria de Almeida Soares
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Clayton Luiz Borges
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
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6
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Abstract
Fungi must meet four criteria to infect humans: growth at human body temperatures, circumvention or penetration of surface barriers, lysis and absorption of tissue, and resistance to immune defenses, including elevated body temperatures. Morphogenesis between small round, detachable cells and long, connected cells is the mechanism by which fungi solve problems of locomotion around or through host barriers. Secretion of lytic enzymes, and uptake systems for the released nutrients, are necessary if a fungus is to nutritionally utilize human tissue. Last, the potent human immune system evolved in the interaction with potential fungal pathogens, so few fungi meet all four conditions for a healthy human host. Paradoxically, the advances of modern medicine have made millions of people newly susceptible to fungal infections by disrupting immune defenses. This article explores how different members of four fungal phyla use different strategies to fulfill the four criteria to infect humans: the Entomophthorales, the Mucorales, the Ascomycota, and the Basidiomycota. Unique traits confer human pathogenic potential on various important members of these phyla: pathogenic Onygenales comprising thermal dimorphs such as Histoplasma and Coccidioides; the Cryptococcus spp. that infect immunocompromised as well as healthy humans; and important pathogens of immunocompromised patients-Candida, Pneumocystis, and Aspergillus spp. Also discussed are agents of neglected tropical diseases important in global health such as mycetoma and paracoccidiomycosis and common pathogens rarely implicated in serious illness such as dermatophytes. Commensalism is considered, as well as parasitism, in shaping genomes and physiological systems of hosts and fungi during evolution.
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7
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Landgraf TN, Costa MV, Oliveira AF, Ribeiro WC, Panunto-Castelo A, Fernandes FF. Involvement of Dihydrolipoyl Dehydrogenase in the Phagocytosis and Killing of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis by Macrophages. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1803. [PMID: 28970825 PMCID: PMC5609111 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and Paracoccidioides lutzii are fungi causing paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM), an autochthonous systemic mycosis found in Latin America. These microorganisms contain a multitude of molecules that may be associated with the complex interaction of the fungus with the host. Here, we identify the enzyme dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase (DLD) as an exoantigen from P. brasiliensis (Pb18_Dld) by mass spectrometry. Interestingly, the DLD gene expression in yeast form showed higher expression levels than those in mycelial form and transitional phases. Pb18_Dld gene was cloned, and the recombinant protein (rPb18_Dld) was expressed and purified for subsequent studies and production of antibodies. Immunogold labeling and transmission electron microscopy revealed that the Pb18_Dld is also localized in mitochondria and cytoplasm of P. brasiliensis. Moreover, when macrophages were stimulated with rPb18Dld, there was an increase in the phagocytic and microbicidal activity of these cells, as compared with non-stimulated cells. These findings suggest that Pb18_Dld can be involved in the pathogen-host interaction, opening possibilities for studies of this protein in PCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taise N Landgraf
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São PauloRibeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Marcelo V Costa
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São PauloRibeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Aline F Oliveira
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São PauloRibeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Wander C Ribeiro
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São PauloRibeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Ademilson Panunto-Castelo
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São PauloRibeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Fabrício F Fernandes
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São PauloRibeirão Preto, Brazil
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de Oliveira HC, da Silva JDF, Scorzoni L, Marcos CM, Rossi SA, de Paula E Silva ACA, Assato PA, da Silva RAM, Fusco-Almeida AM, Mendes-Giannini MJS. Importance of adhesins in virulence of Paracoccidioides spp. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:303. [PMID: 25914695 PMCID: PMC4392702 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the Paracoccidioides genus are the etiologic agents of paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM). This genus is composed of two species: Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and Paracoccidioides lutzii. The correct molecular taxonomic classification of these fungi has created new opportunities for studying and understanding their relationships with their hosts. Paracoccidioides spp. have features that permit their growth under adverse conditions, enable them to adhere to and invade host tissues and may contribute to disease development. Cell wall proteins called adhesins facilitate adhesion and are capable of mediating fungi-host interactions during infection. This study aimed to evaluate the adhesion profile of two species of the genus Paracoccidioides, to analyze the expression of adhesin-encoding genes by real-time PCR and to relate these results to the virulence of the species, as assessed using a survival curve in mice and in Galleria mellonella after blocking the adhesins. A high level of heterogeneity was observed in adhesion and adhesin expression, showing that the 14-3-3 and enolase molecules are the most highly expressed adhesins during pathogen-host interaction. Additionally, a survival curve revealed a correlation between the adhesion rate and survival, with P. brasiliensis showing higher adhesion and adhesin expression levels and greater virulence when compared with P. lutzii. After blocking 14-3-3 and enolase adhesins, we observed modifications in the virulence of these two species, revealing the importance of these molecules during the pathogenesis of members of the Paracoccidioides genus. These results revealed new insights into the host-pathogen interaction of this genus and may enhance our understanding of different isolates that could be useful for the treatment of this mycosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haroldo C de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Julhiany de Fátima da Silva
- Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Liliana Scorzoni
- Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Caroline M Marcos
- Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Suelen A Rossi
- Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Ana C A de Paula E Silva
- Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Patrícia A Assato
- Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Rosângela A M da Silva
- Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Ana M Fusco-Almeida
- Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Maria J S Mendes-Giannini
- Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista Araraquara, Brazil
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