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Devane ML, Taylor W, Dupont PY, Armstrong B, Weaver L, Gilpin BJ. Exploring the Bacterial Community in Aged Fecal Sources from Dairy Cows: Impacts on Fecal Source Tracking. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1161. [PMID: 37317135 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: This paper discusses the impact of agricultural activities on stream health, particularly in relation to dairy cow fecal pollution. The study explores the fecal microbiome of cattle and the potential ecological implications of aging fecal pollution on waterways. (2) Methods: The study examines changes in the bacterial community available for mobilization from in-situ decomposing cowpats and the effects of simulated rainfall. The microbiome of individual cowpats was monitored over 5.5 months. We used 16S rRNA metagenomics and machine learning software, FEAST (Fast Expectation-mAximization for microbial Source Tracking), for bacterial and fecal source assignments. (3) Results: The phyla Bacillota and Bacteroidota are dominant in the fecal microbiota of fresh cow feces but shift to Pseudomonodota, Actinomycetota, and environmental Bacteroidota in aged cowpats. Potential impacts of these bacterial community shifts on inputs to local agricultural streams are discussed in relation to water quality monitoring and aging sources of fecal contamination. We identified taxon orders that are potential indicators of fresh cattle sources (Oscillospirales and Bacteroidales) and aged sources (Peptostreptococcales-Tissierellales) in water bodies. (4) The paper highlights that bacterial metagenomic profiling can inform our understanding of the ecology of microbial communities in aquatic environments and the potential impacts of agricultural activities on ecosystem health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan L Devane
- Health and Environment Group, Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Christchurch 8041, New Zealand
| | - William Taylor
- Health and Environment Group, Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Christchurch 8041, New Zealand
| | - Pierre-Yves Dupont
- Health and Environment Group, Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Christchurch 8041, New Zealand
| | - Bridget Armstrong
- Health and Environment Group, Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Christchurch 8041, New Zealand
| | - Louise Weaver
- Health and Environment Group, Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Christchurch 8041, New Zealand
| | - Brent J Gilpin
- Health and Environment Group, Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Christchurch 8041, New Zealand
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Wu Z, Guo Y, Zhang J, Deng M, Xian Z, Xiong H, Liu D, Sun B. High-Dose Vitamin E Supplementation Can Alleviate the Negative Effect of Subacute Ruminal Acidosis in Dairy Cows. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13030486. [PMID: 36766375 PMCID: PMC9913405 DOI: 10.3390/ani13030486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this trial was to assess whether the supplementation of vitamin E (VE) in high-concentrate diets could improve the fermentation and blood metabolism in the rumen of dairy cows, thereby modulating the degree of the subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) response and improving the performance. Seven Holstein cows (four fitted with ruminal cannulas) were fed three diets (total mixed rations) during three successive periods (each lasted for 18 d): (1) the control diet (CON); (2) a high-grain (HG) diet, which was the control diet supplied with a 15% finely ground wheat diet (FGW); and (3) a high-VE diet (HGE), which was the control diet provided with a 15% FGW and 12,000 IU of VE/head per day. The results indicated that VE was able to alleviate the reduction in the dry matter intake (DMI) and milk fat yield in cows caused by HG diets. The supplementation of VE significantly reduced the levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), histamine (HIS), and the total volatile fatty acid (TVFA) in the rumen. The supplementation of VE observably increased the antioxidant capacity of the milk and plasma. In addition, VE markedly reduced the plasma levels of endotoxin, HIS, and pro-inflammatory factors. The supplementation of VE significantly enriched the differential metabolites of the purine metabolism, cysteine, methionine metabolism, and ABC transporter synthesis pathway in the serum. The supplementation of VE also significantly increased the relative abundance of Succiniclasticum and decreased the relative abundance of Treponema, thus reducing the production of TVFA in the rumen. In conclusion, considering that the cows in this trial had high ketone levels (BHBA > 2.3 mmol/L), we found that VE could improve the rumen fermentation and blood metabolism by modulating the relative abundance of rumen microorganisms, thereby mitigating a range of adverse effects caused by SARA.
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Russo N, Floridia V, D’Alessandro E, Lopreiato V, Pino A, Chiofalo V, Caggia C, Liotta L, Randazzo CL. Influence of olive cake dietary supplementation on fecal microbiota of dairy cows. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1137452. [PMID: 37206333 PMCID: PMC10188969 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1137452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Olive by-products represent a valuable low-price feed supplement for animal nutrition. In the present study, the effect of the dietary destoned olive cake supplementation, on both composition and dynamics of the fecal bacterial biota of cow, was assessed by Illumina MiSeq analysis of the 16S rRNA gene. In addition, metabolic pathways were predicted by using the PICRUSt2 bioinformatic tool. Eighteen lactating cows, according to the body condition score, the days from calving, and the daily milk production were homogeneously allocated into two groups, control or experimental, and subjected to different dietary treatments. In detail, the experimental diet contained, along with the components of the control one, 8% of destoned olive cake. Metagenomics data revealed significant differences in abundance rather than in richness between the two groups. Results showed that Bacteroidota and Firmicutes were identified as the dominant phyla, accounting for over 90% of the total bacterial population. The Desulfobacterota phylum, able to reduce sulfur compounds, was detected only in fecal samples of cows allocated to the experimental diet whereas the Elusimicrobia phylum, a common endosymbiont or ectosymbiont of various flagellated protists, was detected only in cows subjected to the control diet. In addition, both Oscillospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae families were mainly found in the experimental group whereas fecal samples of control cows showed the presence of Rikenellaceae and Bacteroidaceae families, usually associated with the high roughage or low concentrate diet. Based on the PICRUSt2 bioinformatic tool, pathways related to carbohydrate, fatty acid, lipid, and amino acids biosynthesis were mainly up regulated in the experimental group. On the contrary, in the control group, the metabolic pathways detected with the highest occurrence were associated with amino acids biosynthesis and degradation, aromatic compounds degradation, nucleosides and nucleotides biosynthesis. Hence, the present study confirms that the destoned olive cake is a valuable feed supplement able to modulate the fecal microbiota of cows. Further studies will be conducted in order to deepen the inter-relationships between the GIT microbiota and the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nunziatina Russo
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- ProBioEtna SRL, Spin-Off of University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Viviana Floridia
- Animal Production Unit, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Enrico D’Alessandro
- Animal Production Unit, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Lopreiato
- Animal Production Unit, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pino
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- ProBioEtna SRL, Spin-Off of University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- CERNUT, Interdepartmental Research Centre in Nutraceuticals and Health Products, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- *Correspondence: Alessandra Pino,
| | - Vincenzo Chiofalo
- Animal Production Unit, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
- Consortium Research of Meat and Agribusiness Chain, Messina, Italy
| | - Cinzia Caggia
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- ProBioEtna SRL, Spin-Off of University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- CERNUT, Interdepartmental Research Centre in Nutraceuticals and Health Products, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Luigi Liotta
- Animal Production Unit, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Cinzia Lucia Randazzo
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- ProBioEtna SRL, Spin-Off of University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- CERNUT, Interdepartmental Research Centre in Nutraceuticals and Health Products, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Li M, Hassan F, Peng L, Xie H, Liang X, Huang J, Huang F, Guo Y, Yang C. Mulberry flavonoids modulate rumen bacteria to alter fermentation kinetics in water buffalo. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14309. [PMID: 36536626 PMCID: PMC9758972 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mulberry flavonoids can modulate the composition of rumen microbiota in ruminants to improve nutrient digestibility, owing to their strong biological activities. This study aimed to explore the effect of mulberry leaf flavonoids (MLF) on rumen bacteria, fermentation kinetics, and metagenomic functional profile in water buffalo. Forty buffaloes (4 ± 1 lactations) with almost same body weight (av. 600 ± 50 Kg) and days in milk (90 ± 20 d) were randomly allocated to four treatments having different levels of MLF: 0 g/d (control), 15 g/d (MLF15), 30 g/d (MLF30), and 45 g/d (MLF45) supplemented in a basal diet. After 35 days of supplementation, rumen contents were collected to determine rumen fermentation parameters. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed to elucidate rumen bacteria composition. The obtained taxonomic data were analyzed to explore the rumen bacteriome and predict the associated gene functions and metabolic pathways. Results demonstrated a linear increase (p < 0.01) in rumen acetate, propionate, and total VFAs in the MLF45 group as compared to control. No effect of treatment was observed on rumen pH and butyrate contents. Acetate to propionate ratio in the MLF45 group linearly and quadratically decreased (p = 0.001) as compared to MLF15 and control groups. Similarly, MLF45 linearly increased (p < 0.05) the microbial protein (MCP) and NH3-N as compared to other treatments. Treatment adversely affected (p < 0.01) almost all alpha diversity parameters of rumen bacteria except Simpson index. MLF promoted the abundance of Proteobacteria while reducing the relative abundances of Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Patescibacteria. The MLF supplementation tended to substantially reduce (0.05 < p < 0.1) the abundance of Actinobacteria, and Patescibacteria while completely eliminating Acidobacteria (p = 0.029), Chloroflexi (p = 0.059), and Gemmatimonadetes (p = 0.03) indicating the negative effect of flavonoids on the growth of these bacteria. However, MLF45 tended to substantially increase (p = 0.07) the abundance (~21.5%) of Acetobacter. The MLF treatment exhibited negative effect on five genera by significantly reducing (Sphingomonas) or eliminating (Arthobactor, unclassified_c__Actinobacteria, norank_c__Subgroup_6, norank_o__Saccharimonadales, and Nocardioides) them from the rumen microbiota. Pearson correlation analysis revealed 3, 5 and 23 positive correlations of rumen bacteria with milk yield, rumen fermentation and serum antioxidant parameters, respectively. A positive correlation of MCP was observed with three bacterial genera (Acetobacter, Enterobacter, and Klebsiella). The relative abundance of Pseudobutyrivibrio and Empedobacter also showed a positive correlation with the ruminal acetate and propionate. The present study indicated 45 g/d as an appropriate dose of MLF which modulated rumen bacteria and its functional profile in water buffalo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Faizul Hassan
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China,Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Lijuan Peng
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Huade Xie
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jiaxiang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Feng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yanxia Guo
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Chengjian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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Effects of Mulberry Branch and Leaves Silage on Microbial Community, Rumen Fermentation Characteristics, and Milk Yield in Lactating Dairy Cows. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8020086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of mulberry branch and leaves (MBL) silage on milk yield, ruminal fermentation, and bacteria composition in dairy cows. Thirty-six mid-lactation cows were selected and randomly allocated into three groups. The control group (C) was fed on a total mixed ratio (TMR) diet, while the experimental groups were fed on TMR supplemented with 5% (L) and 10% (H) MBL silage. The experiment lasted for eight weeks, including two weeks of adaption. The results showed that Group H had an increased milk yield, milk fat content (p < 0.05), and 4% feed conversion ratio (p = 0.10). In addition, rumen propionic acid was significantly increased (p < 0.05), while acetate/propionate was significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in the high MBL silage group. The microbiome analysis showed that Bacteroides, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria were the predominant phyla. Compared with Group C, the abundance of Bacteroides was significantly decreased (p < 0.01), while the Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were increased but not significantly different in Groups L and H. Prevotella was significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in the MBL silage groups, and Succinivibrionaceae_UCG-001 was increased in Group H. The correlation analysis showed that eight bacterial species belonging to Firmicutes were positively correlated with propionic acid. However, four bacterial species belonging to the Bacteroides group were negatively correlated with propionic acid. In conclusion, feed supplementation with about 5–10% of MBL silage could modulate the rumen microbiota and fermentation, and increase the abundance of fiber-digesting, propionic acid synthesis and milk fat-related microorganisms, thus improving milk yield in dairy cows.
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Characteristics of faecal bacterial flora and volatile fatty acids in Min pig, Landrace pig, and Yorkshire pig. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2021.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum-fermented mulberry pomace on antioxidant properties and fecal microbial community. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Sheng P, He L, Ji S, Huang J, Zhang Z, Wang D, Liu J, Zhang H. Effect of Broussonetia papyrifera L. (paper mulberry) on growth performance, carcase traits, meat quality and immune performance in Hu ram lambs. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2021.1904795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Sheng
- Institute of Biological Resources, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, P. R. China
| | - Li He
- Institute of Biological Resources, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, P. R. China
| | - Shaoshi Ji
- Institute of Biological Resources, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, P. R. China
| | - Jiangli Huang
- Institute of Biological Resources, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, P. R. China
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- Institute of Biological Resources, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, P. R. China
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- Institute of Biological Resources, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, P. R. China
| | - Jianping Liu
- Institute of Biological Resources, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, P. R. China
| | - Huaqi Zhang
- Institute of Biological Resources, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, P. R. China
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Hassan FU, Arshad MA, Li M, Rehman MSU, Loor JJ, Huang J. Potential of Mulberry Leaf Biomass and Its Flavonoids to Improve Production and Health in Ruminants: Mechanistic Insights and Prospects. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E2076. [PMID: 33182363 PMCID: PMC7695318 DOI: 10.3390/ani10112076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Leaf biomass from the mulberry plant (genus Morus and family Moraceae) is considered a potential resource for livestock feeding. Mulberry leaves (MLs) contain high protein (14.0-34.2%) and metabolizable energy (1130-2240 kcal/kg) with high dry matter (DM) digestibility (75-85%) and palatability. Flavonoid contents of MLs confer unique antioxidant properties and can potentially help alleviate oxidative stress in animals during stressful periods, such as neonatal, weaning, and periparturient periods. In addition, mulberry leaf flavonoids (MLFs) possess antimicrobial properties and can effectively decrease the population of ruminal methanogens and protozoa to reduce enteric methane (CH4) production. Owing to its rich flavonoid content, feeding MLs increases fiber digestion and utilization leading to enhanced milk production in ruminants. Dietary supplementation with MLFs alters ruminal fermentation kinetics by increasing total volatile fatty acids, propionate, and ammonia concentrations. Furthermore, they can substantially increase the population of specific cellulolytic bacteria in the rumen. Owing to their structural homology with steroid hormones, the MLFs can potentially modulate different metabolic pathways particularly those linked with energy homeostasis. This review aims to highlight the potential of ML and its flavonoids to modulate the ruminal microbiome, fermentation, and metabolic status to enhance productive performance and health in ruminants while reducing CH4 emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiz-ul Hassan
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530001, China; (F.H.); (M.L.)
- Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; (M.A.A.); (M.S.R.)
| | - Muhammad Adeel Arshad
- Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; (M.A.A.); (M.S.R.)
| | - Mengwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530001, China; (F.H.); (M.L.)
| | - Muhammad Saif-ur Rehman
- Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; (M.A.A.); (M.S.R.)
| | - Juan J. Loor
- Department of Animal Sciences, Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA;
| | - Jiaxiang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530001, China; (F.H.); (M.L.)
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Tian H, Chen Y, Zhu N, Guo Y, Deng M, Liu G, Li Y, Liu D, Sun B. Effect of Broussonetia papyrifera silage on the serum indicators, hindgut parameters and fecal bacterial community of Holstein heifers. AMB Express 2020; 10:197. [PMID: 33128623 PMCID: PMC7603443 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-020-01135-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of substitution of whole corn silage (WCS) with Broussonetia papyrifera silage (BPS) in different ratios on the serum indicators, hindgut fermentation parameters (pH, ammoniacal nitrogen, and volatile fatty acids), and fecal bacterial community of Holstein heifers. Sixteen heifers (8-month-old, 220 ± 30 kg) were randomly divided into four treatments according to different BPS substitution ratios of feed basis (0%, 25%, 50%, and 75%). The experiment consisted of a 7-day preliminary feeding period and a 30-day experimental period. On the last day of the trial, the blood samples were collected from caudal vein, and the feces samples were collected from rectum. With the increasing of BPS content, the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in serum decreased (P < 0.05), and the immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IL-4 content of serum increased (P < 0.05); and the hindgut pH value increased (P < 0.05). 16S rRNA sequencing found that the dominant phyla were Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Verrucomicrobia; and the dominant genera were Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-010, and Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group. Linear Discriminant Analysis Effect Size (LEfSe) analysis found 12 differential operational taxonomic units (OTUs) which have strong correlation with some serum and hindgut indicators, and have the potential to be used as biomarkers. Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt) found that BPS have impacts on the pathways, such as carbohydrate transport and metabolism, and promotes amino acid transport and metabolism. To sum up, inclusion of BPS in heifer diets can affect serum anti-oxidant and immune indicators, fecal parameters, composition and function of fecal microorganisms in Holstein heifers.
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Li M, Hassan FU, Tang Z, Peng L, Liang X, Li L, Peng K, Xie F, Yang C. Mulberry Leaf Flavonoids Improve Milk Production, Antioxidant, and Metabolic Status of Water Buffaloes. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:599. [PMID: 33102551 PMCID: PMC7500204 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of mulberry leaf flavonoids (MLF) on oxidative stress, metabolic hormones, and milk production in Murrah buffaloes. Forty multiparous Murrah buffaloes (4 ± 1 lactations) with similar body weight (average 600 ± 50 Kg) and stage of lactation (90 ± 20 d) were randomly selected for this trial. Four treatment groups (10 buffaloes per group) with different doses of MLF included; control (0 g/d), MLF15 (15 g/d), MLF30 (30 g/d), and MLF45 (45 g/d). Buffaloes were fed with total mix ration consisting of grass (Pennisetum purpureum schum), brewery's grain and concentrate mixture for 5 weeks. Meteorological data including ambient temperature and relative humidity were recorded using the online dust monitoring system to calculate temperature-humidity index (THI). After 1 week of the adaptation, milk yield was recorded daily while physiological parameters (respiratory rate, rectal, and body surface temperature), and milk composition were measured weekly. At the end of the trial, blood samples were collected to analyze serum metabolic hormones including estradiol (E2), growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL), Tri-iodothyronine (T3), and Thyroxine (T4). Moreover, serum heat shock proteins (HSP), antioxidants enzymes including malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and blood biochemical indices were also analyzed. Results revealed a decrease (P = 0.012) in serum MDA level while increasing (P < 0.01) the HSP and serum GHS-Px contents in supplemented buffaloes. Treatment showed a linear and quadratic decrease (p = 0.001) in the serum T-AOC while reducing CAT contents linearly (p = 0.012) as compared to the control. However, no effect of treatment on serum SOD content was observed. Treatment resulted a linear increase (p = 0.001) in serum GH and PRL hormones while increasing serum E2 levels linearly (P < 0.001) and quadratically (P = 0.025). Treatment increased (p = 0.038) the daily milk yield as compared to the control. However, increase (P < 0.05) in serum T3 and T4 contents, fat corrected milk (4%) and milk protein (%) was observed only in MLF45. Moreover, we observed no change in serum biochemical indices except insulin which linearly increased (p = 0.002) in MLF45. Our findings indicated that MLF at 45 g per day is an appropriate level to enhance milk performance and alleviate heat stress in buffaloes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Faiz-Ul Hassan
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China.,Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Zhenhua Tang
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Lijuan Peng
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Xin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Lili Li
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Kaiping Peng
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Fang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Chengjian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
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Effects of Paper Mulberry Silage on the Milk Production, Apparent Digestibility, Antioxidant Capacity, and Fecal Bacteria Composition in Holstein Dairy Cows. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10071152. [PMID: 32645955 PMCID: PMC7401539 DOI: 10.3390/ani10071152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Paper mulberry (Broussonetia papyrifera; PM) is a type of roughage rich in bioactive substances, such as phenolics and flavonoids, which are beneficial for animal health. This study evaluated the apparent digestibility of PM silage in Holstein dairy cows and its effect on the milk production, antioxidant capacity, and fecal bacteria composition of the animals. The results showed that the PM silage had no significant influence on the milk yield, apparent digestibility, and fecal bacteria composition of dairy cows. However, diets with PM silage can enhance the antioxidant and immune capacity of dairy cows, mainly due to the bioactive substance in PM. Today, faced with a shortage of feedstuff resources in ruminants, PM can be a useful feed resource for ruminants. Simultaneously, with the ban on antibiotics, PM may become an important functional feed for protecting animal health. Abstract Paper mulberry (Broussonetia papyrifera; PM) is an excellent and extensive type of roughage in Asia. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of PM silage on the milk production, apparent digestibility, antioxidant capacity, and fecal bacteria composition in Holstein dairy cows. Forty-five lactating Holstein dairy cows with a similar milk yield and parity were selected and randomly assigned to three groups. The control group was fed a non-PM silage diet, and the PM-treated groups were fed 4.5 and 9.0% PM silage supplementary diets for 28 days. Then, treatment groups were fed diets containing 13.5 and 18.0% PM silage for the next 28 days, respectively. PM silage increased the milk urea nitrogen and decreased the somatic cell count (p < 0.05), but did not affect the dry matter intake, milk yield, apparent digestibility, and energy balance of dairy cows. PM silage can enhance the blood total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, and immune globulin content (p < 0.05). The PM silage significantly decreased the relative abundance of the genera Ruminococcaceae UCG-013 and Tyzzerella-4 (p < 0.05). In conclusion, PM silage enhanced the antioxidant capacity and immunity of dairy cows, but did not influence the milk yield, dry matter digestibility, and fecal bacteria composition.
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Huang S, Ji S, Yan H, Hao Y, Zhang J, Wang Y, Cao Z, Li S. The day-to-day stability of the ruminal and fecal microbiota in lactating dairy cows. Microbiologyopen 2020; 9:e990. [PMID: 32175695 PMCID: PMC7221419 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we examined differences between the microbiota of the ruminal fluid (DR) and feces (DF) from five lactating dairy cows over three consecutive days using 16S rRNA gene sequence-based analysis. Results showed significant differences between the microbial communities of the DR and DF. In particular, the relative abundance of the phyla Firmicutes and Actinobacteria was significantly lower (q < 0.001) in DR compared with DF, while the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes was significantly higher in DF than that of DR (q < 0.001). A significantly higher relative abundance of the genera Bifidobacterium, 5-7N15, Clostridium, Epulopiscium, SMB53, Turicibacter, Dorea, Roseburia, and Akkermansia was observed in the DF, while a higher relative abundance of the genera Prevotella, Butyrivibrio, CF231, RFN20, and Succiniclasticum was observed in the DR. A further analysis using the functional prediction program PICRUSt showed that sequences belonging to the 5-7N15, Akkermansia, Bifidobacterium, Clostridium, Dorea, Epulopiscium, Roseburia, and Turicibacter were significantly and positively correlated with glycan biosynthesis and metabolism, while CF231, Prevotella, RFN20, and Succiniclasticum were significantly and positively correlated with amino acid, lipid, carbohydrate, other amino acid, cofactors, and vitamins metabolism. No significant differences were observed across the three consecutive days in either the DR or DF ecosystems, with no significant differences in the diversity or abundance at the phylum and genus levels suggested that there is a limited day-to-day variability in the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shoukun Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Hui Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Yangyi Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yajing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhijun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shengli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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González-Mercado VJ, Pérez-Santiago J, Lyon D, Dilán-Pantojas I, Henderson W, McMillan S, Groer M, Kane B, Marrero S, Pedro E, Saligan LN. The Role of Gut Microbiome Perturbation in Fatigue Induced by Repeated Stress from Chemoradiotherapy: A Proof of Concept Study. Adv Med 2020; 2020:6375876. [PMID: 32090133 PMCID: PMC7029262 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6375876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objectives of this proof of concept study were to (a) examine the temporal changes in fatigue and diversity of the gut microbiome over the course of chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in adults with rectal cancers; (b) investigate whether there are differences in diversity of the gut microbiome between fatigued and nonfatigued participants at the middle and at the end of CRT; and (c) investigate whether there are differences in the relative abundance of fecal microbiota at the phylum and genus levels between fatigued and nonfatigued participants at the middle and at the end of CRT. METHODS Stool samples and symptom ratings were collected prior to the inception of CRT, at the middle (after 12-16 treatments) and at the end (after 24-28 treatments) of the CRT. Descriptive statistics and Mann-Whitney U test were computed for fatigue. Gut microbiome data were analyzed using the QIIME2 software. RESULTS Participants (N = 29) ranged in age from 37 to 80 years. The median fatigue score significantly changed at the end of CRT (median = 23.0) compared with the median score before the initiation of CRT for the total sample (median = 17.0; p ≤ 0.05). At the middle of CRT, the alpha diversity (abundance of Operational Taxonomic Units) was lower for fatigued participants (149.30 ± 53.1) than for nonfatigued participants (189.15 ± 44.18, t(23) = 2.08, p ≤ 0.05). At the middle of CRT, the alpha diversity (abundance of Operational Taxonomic Units) was lower for fatigued participants (149.30 ± 53.1) than for nonfatigued participants (189.15 ± 44.18, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes were the dominant phyla for fatigued participants, and Escherichia, Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium, and Oscillospira were the most abundant genera for fatigued participants. CONCLUSION CRT-associated perturbation of the gut microbiome composition may contribute to fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Josué Pérez-Santiago
- Puerto Rico Omics Center, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, USA
| | - Debra Lyon
- College of Nursing, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Israel Dilán-Pantojas
- Puerto Rico Omics Center, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, USA
| | - Wendy Henderson
- Intramural Program, National Institute of Nursing Research/National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Susan McMillan
- College of Nursing, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Maureen Groer
- College of Nursing, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Brad Kane
- College of Nursing, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Sara Marrero
- College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Elsa Pedro
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Science Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, USA
| | - Leorey N. Saligan
- Intramural Program, National Institute of Nursing Research/National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Hagey JV, Bhatnagar S, Heguy JM, Karle BM, Price PL, Meyer D, Maga EA. Fecal Microbial Communities in a Large Representative Cohort of California Dairy Cows. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1093. [PMID: 31156599 PMCID: PMC6532609 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Improved sequencing and analytical techniques allow for better resolution of microbial communities; however, the agriculture field lacks an updated analysis surveying the fecal microbial populations of dairy cattle in California. This study is a large-scale survey to determine the composition of the bacterial community present in the feces of lactating dairy cattle on commercial dairy operations. For the study, 10 dairy farms across northern and central California representing a variety of feeding and management systems were enrolled. The farms represented three typical housing types including five freestall, two drylot and three pasture-based management systems. Fresh feces were collected from 15 randomly selected cows on each farm and analyzed using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. This study found that housing type, individual farm, and dietary components significantly affected the alpha diversity of the fecal microbiota. While only one Operational Taxonomic Unit (OTU) was common among all the sampled individuals, 15 bacterial families and 27 genera were shared among 95% of samples. The ratio of the families Coriobacteriaceae to Bifidobacteriaceae was significantly different between housing types and farms with pasture fed animals having a higher relative abundance of Coriobacteriaceae. A majority of samples were positive for at least one OTU assigned to Enterobacteriaceae and 31% of samples contained OTUs assigned to Campylobacter. However, the relative abundance of both taxa was <0.1%. The microbial composition displays individual farm specific signatures, but housing type plays a role. These data provide insights into the composition of the core fecal microbiota of commercial dairy cows in California and will further generate hypotheses for strategies to manipulate the microbiome of cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill V. Hagey
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Srijak Bhatnagar
- Geomicrobiology Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jennifer M. Heguy
- Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California Cooperative Extension, Hayward, CA, United States
| | - Betsy M. Karle
- Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California Cooperative Extension, Hayward, CA, United States
| | - Patricia L. Price
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Deanne Meyer
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Elizabeth A. Maga
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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Zhang J, Shi H, Wang Y, Cao Z, Yang H, Li S. Effect of Limit-Fed Diets With Different Forage to Concentrate Ratios on Fecal Bacterial and Archaeal Community Composition in Holstein Heifers. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:976. [PMID: 29867879 PMCID: PMC5962747 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Limit-feeding of a high concentrate diet has been proposed as an effective method for improving feed efficiency and reducing total manure output of dairy heifers; meanwhile the effects of this method on hindgut microbiota are still unclear. This study investigated the effects of a wide range of dietary forage:concentrate ratios (F:C) on the fecal composition of bacteria and archaea in heifers using next-generation sequencing. Four diets with different F:C (80:20, 60:40, 40:60, and 20:80) were limit-fed to 24 Holstein heifers, and the fecal fermentation parameters and bacterial and archaeal communities were investigated. With increasing dietary concentrate levels, the fecal dry matter output, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content, and proportion of acetate decreased linearly (P < 0.01), while the fecal starch content and proportions of propionate, butyrate, and total branched-chain volatile fatty acids (TBCVFAs) were increased (P ≤ 0.05). An increased concentrate level linearly increased (P = 0.02) the relative abundance of Proteobacteria, and linearly decreased (P = 0.02) the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes in feces. At the genus level, the relative abundance of unclassified Ruminococcaceae and Paludibacter which may have the potential to degrade forage decreased linearly (q ≤ 0.02) with increasing dietary concentrate levels, while the relative abundance of Roseburia and Succinivibrio which may be non-fibrous carbohydrate degrading bacteria increased linearly (q ≤ 0.05). Some core microbiota operational taxonomic units (OTUs) also showed significant association with fecal VFAs, NDF, and/or acid detergent fiber (ADF) content. Meanwhile, the relative abundance of most detected taxa in archaea were similar across different F:C, and only Methanosphaera showed a linear decrease (P = 0.01) in high concentrate diets. Our study provides a better understanding of fecal fermentation parameters and microbiota under a wide range of dietary F:C. These findings support the potential for microbial manipulation by diet, which could enhance feed digestibility and relieve environmental problems associated with heifer rearing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Haitao Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Yajing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhijun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongjian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shengli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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