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Sui J, Wang C, Ren C, Hou F, Zhang Y, Shang X, Zhao Q, Hua X, Liu X, Zhang H. Effects of Deep Tillage on Wheat Regarding Soil Fertility and Rhizosphere Microbial Community. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1638. [PMID: 39203480 PMCID: PMC11356293 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12081638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2024] [Revised: 08/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Wheat production is intrinsically linked to global food security. However, wheat cultivation is constrained by the progressive degradation of soil conditions resulting from the continuous application of fertilizers. This study aimed to examine the effects of deep tillage on rhizosphere soil microbial communities and their potential role in improving soil quality, given that the specific mechanisms driving these observed benefits remain unclear. Soil fertility in this research was evaluated through the analysis of various soil parameters, including total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, available phosphorus, and available potassium, among others. The high-throughput sequencing technique was utilized to examine the rhizosphere microbial community associated with deep tillage wheat. The findings indicated that deep tillage cultivation of wheat led to reduced fertility levels in the 0-20 cm soil layer in comparison with non-deep tillage cultivation. A sequencing analysis indicated that Acidobacteria and Proteobacteria are the dominant bacterial phyla, with Proteobacteria being significantly more abundant in the deep tillage group. The dominant fungal phyla identified were Ascomycota, Mortierellomycota, and Basidiomycota. Among bacterial genera, Arthrobacter, Bacillus, and Nocardioides were predominant, with Arthrobacter showing a significantly higher presence in the deep tillage group. The predominant fungal genera included Mortierella, Alternaria, Schizothecium, and Cladosporium. Deep tillage cultivation has the potential to enhance soil quality and boost crop productivity through the modulation of soil microbial community structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junkang Sui
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China; (C.W.); (F.H.); (Y.Z.); (X.S.); (Q.Z.); (X.H.)
| | - Chenyu Wang
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China; (C.W.); (F.H.); (Y.Z.); (X.S.); (Q.Z.); (X.H.)
| | - Changqing Ren
- Liaocheng Science and Technology Bureau, Liaocheng 252000, China;
| | - Feifan Hou
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China; (C.W.); (F.H.); (Y.Z.); (X.S.); (Q.Z.); (X.H.)
| | - Yuxuan Zhang
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China; (C.W.); (F.H.); (Y.Z.); (X.S.); (Q.Z.); (X.H.)
| | - Xueting Shang
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China; (C.W.); (F.H.); (Y.Z.); (X.S.); (Q.Z.); (X.H.)
| | - Qiqi Zhao
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China; (C.W.); (F.H.); (Y.Z.); (X.S.); (Q.Z.); (X.H.)
| | - Xuewen Hua
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China; (C.W.); (F.H.); (Y.Z.); (X.S.); (Q.Z.); (X.H.)
| | - Xunli Liu
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271000, China;
| | - Hengjia Zhang
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China; (C.W.); (F.H.); (Y.Z.); (X.S.); (Q.Z.); (X.H.)
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Liang Z, Wang Q, Sun M, Du R, Jin W, Liu S. Transcriptome and metabolome profiling reveal the effects of hormones on current-year shoot growth in Chinese 'Cuiguan' pear grafted onto vigorous rootstock 'Duli' and dwarf rootstock 'Quince A'. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:169. [PMID: 38443784 PMCID: PMC10913655 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04858-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dwarf rootstocks have important practical significance for high-density planting in pear orchards. The shoots of 'Cuiguan' grafted onto the dwarf rootstock were shorter than those grafted onto the vigorous rootstock. However, the mechanism of shorter shoot formation is not clear. RESULTS In this study, the current-year shoot transcriptomes and phytohormone contents of 'CG‒QA' ('Cuiguan' was grafted onto 'Quince A', and 'Hardy' was used as interstock) and 'CG‒DL' ('Cuiguan' was grafted onto 'Duli', and 'Hardy' was used as interstock) were compared. The transcriptome results showed that a total of 452 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, including 248 downregulated genes and 204 upregulated genes; the plant hormone signal transduction and zeatin biosynthesis pathways were significantly enriched in the top 20 KEGG enrichment terms. Abscisic acid (ABA) was the most abundant hormone in 'CG‒QA' and 'CG‒DL'; auxin and cytokinin (CTK) were the most diverse hormones; additionally, the contents of ABA, auxin, and CTK in 'CG‒DL' were higher than those in 'CG‒QA', while the fresh shoot of 'CG‒QA' accumulated more gibberellin (GA) and salicylic acid (SA). Metabolome and transcriptome co-analysis identified three key hormone-related DEGs, of which two (Aldehyde dehydrogenase gene ALDH3F1 and YUCCA2) were upregulated and one (Cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase gene CKX3) was downregulated. CONCLUSIONS Based on the results of transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis, we found that auxin and CTK mainly regulated the shoot differences of 'CG-QA' and 'CG-DL', and other hormones such as ABA, GA, and SA synergistically regulated this process. Three hormone-related genes ALDH3F1, YUCCA2, and CKX3 were the key genes contributing to the difference in shoot growth between 'CG-QA' and 'CG-DL' pear. This research provides new insight into the molecular mechanism underlying shoot shortening after grafted onto dwarf rootstocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxu Liang
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology,Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, , Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100093, P.R. China
| | - Qinghua Wang
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology,Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, , Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100093, P.R. China
| | - Mingde Sun
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology,Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, , Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100093, P.R. China
| | - Ruirui Du
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology,Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, , Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100093, P.R. China
| | - Wanmei Jin
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology,Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, , Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100093, P.R. China
| | - Songzhong Liu
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology,Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, , Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100093, P.R. China.
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Cao H, Xu L, Song J, Xun M, Zhang W, Yang H. Bacterial community structure and co-occurrence networks in the rhizosphere and root endosphere of the grafted apple. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:53. [PMID: 38341527 PMCID: PMC10858598 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03210-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compared with aerial plant tissues (such as leaf, stem, and flower), root-associated microbiomes play an indisputable role in promoting plant health and productivity. We thus explored the similarities and differences between rhizosphere and root endosphere bacterial community in the grafted apple system. RESULTS Using pot experiments, three microhabitats (bulk soil, rhizosphere and root endosphere) samples were obtained from two-year-old apple trees grafted on the four different rootstocks. We then investigated the bacterial community composition, diversity, and co-occurrence network in three microhabitats using the Illumina sequencing methods. Only 63 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) out of a total of 24,485 were shared in the rhizosphere and root endosphere of apple grafted on the four different rootstocks (M9T337, Malus hupehensis Rehd., Malus robusta Rehd., and Malus baccata Borkh.). The core microbiome contained 8 phyla and 25 families. From the bulk soil to the rhizosphere to the root endosphere, the members of the phylum and class levels demonstrated a significant enrichment and depletion pattern. Co-occurrence network analysis showed the network complexity of the rhizosphere was higher than the root endosphere. Most of the keystone nodes in both networks were classified as Proteobacteria, Actinobacteriota and Bacteroidetes and were low abundance species. CONCLUSION The hierarchical filtration pattern existed not only in the assembly of root endosphere bacteria, but also in the core microbiome. Moreover, most of the core ASVs were high-abundance species, while the keystone ASVs of the network were low-abundance species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Cao
- College of Life Sciences, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, 277000, Shandong Province, China.
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Longxiao Xu
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jianfei Song
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Mi Xun
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hongqiang Yang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong Province, China.
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