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Wu Y, Duan B, Lin Q, Liang Y, Du X, Zheng M, Zhu Y, Jiang Z, Li Q, Ni H, Li Z, Chen J. Fermentation of waste water from agar processing with Bacillus subtilis by metabolomic analysis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:15. [PMID: 38170310 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12891-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Fungal infection has become a major threat to crop loss and affects food safety. The waste water from agar processing industries extraction has a number of active substances, which could be further transformed by microorganisms to synthesize antifungal active substances. In this study, Bacillus subtilis was used to ferment the waste water from agar processing industries extraction to analyze the antifungal activity of the fermentation broth on Alternaria alternata and Alternaria spp. Results showed that 25% of the fermentation broth was the most effective in inhibited A. alternata and Alternaria spp., with fungal inhibition rates of 99.9% and 96.1%, respectively, and a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was 0.156 μg/mL. Metabolomic analysis showed that flavonoid polyphenols such as coniferyl aldehyde, glycycoumarin, glycitin, and procyanidin A1 may enhance the inhibitory activity against the two pathogenic fungal strains. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis showed that polyphenols involved in the biosynthesis pathways of isoflavonoid and phenylpropanoid were upregulated after fermentation. The laser confocal microscopy analyses and cell conductivity showed that the cytoplasm of fungi treated with fermentation broth was destroyed. This study provides a research basis for the development of new natural antifungal agents and rational use of seaweed agar waste. KEY POINTS: • Bacillus subtilis fermented waste water has antifungal activity • Bacillus subtilis could transform active substances in waste water • Waste water is a potential raw material for producing antifungal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Wu
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, Fujian, China
| | - Boyan Duan
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, Fujian, China
| | - Qiaoyan Lin
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, Fujian, China
| | - Yingying Liang
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, Fujian, China
| | - Xiping Du
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, Fujian, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen, 361021, Fujian, China
- Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen, 361021, Fujian, China
| | - Mingjing Zheng
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, Fujian, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen, 361021, Fujian, China
- Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen, 361021, Fujian, China
| | - Yanbing Zhu
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, Fujian, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen, 361021, Fujian, China
- Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen, 361021, Fujian, China
| | - Zedong Jiang
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, Fujian, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen, 361021, Fujian, China
- Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen, 361021, Fujian, China
| | - Qingbiao Li
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, Fujian, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen, 361021, Fujian, China
- Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen, 361021, Fujian, China
| | - Hui Ni
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, Fujian, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen, 361021, Fujian, China
- Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen, 361021, Fujian, China
- Xiamen Ocean Vocational College, Xiamen, 361021, Fujian, China
| | - Zhipeng Li
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, Fujian, China.
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen, 361021, Fujian, China.
- Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen, 361021, Fujian, China.
| | - Jinfang Chen
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, Fujian, China.
- College of Harbour and Coastal Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, Fujian, China.
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Ji S, Liu B, Han J, Kong N, Yang Y, Zhang J, Wang Y, Liu Z. Bacillus-derived consortium enhances Ginkgo biloba's health and resistance to Alternaria tenuissima. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:4110-4124. [PMID: 38578650 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacillus, as a plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria, can enhance the resistance of plants to phytopathogens. In our study, Bacillus strains showing excellent biocontrol were screened and used to control ginkgo leaf blight (Alternaria tenuissima). RESULTS Four biocontrol Bacillus strains-Bsa537, Bam337, Bso544, and Bsu503-were selected from 286 isolates based on their capacity to inhibit pathogens and promote plant growth. The four Bacillus strains significantly improved the resistance of ginkgo to leaf blight. This was especially the case when the four strains were used as a mixture, which contributed to a decrease in lesion area of >40%. Hence, a mixture of Bacillus strains was used to control ginkgo leaf blight in the field. Treatment efficiency varied from 30% to 100% (average 81.5%) and was higher than that of the control (-2% to -18%, average - 8.5%); the antioxidant capacity of the treated ginkgo was also stronger. In addition, ginkgo biomass increased as a result of treatment with the Bacillus mixture, including leaf weight, area, thickness, number of lateral roots and root weight. Furthermore, the Bacillus mixture improved the ginkgo rhizosphere soil by boosting the number of beneficial microorganisms, lowering the number of pathogens and hastening soil catabolism. CONCLUSION The Bacillus mixture improved the health status of ginkgo by protecting it from pathogen attack, promoting its growth and improving the microorganism community in the rhizosphere. This work closes a technological gap in the biological control of ginkgo leaf blight, investigates application methods for compound Bacillus biofertilizers and establishes a framework for the popularity and commercialization of these products. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shida Ji
- College of Forestry, ShenYang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- College of Horticulture, ShenYang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bin Liu
- College of Forestry, ShenYang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jing Han
- College of Forestry, ShenYang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ning Kong
- College of Forestry, ShenYang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yongfeng Yang
- College of Forestry, ShenYang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jianxia Zhang
- College of Forestry, ShenYang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yucheng Wang
- College of Forestry, ShenYang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhihua Liu
- College of Forestry, ShenYang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
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Zhang L, Xu W, Zhao Z, Long Y, Fan R. Biocontrol potential and growth-promoting effect of endophytic fungus Talaromyces muroii SD1-4 against potato leaf spot disease caused by Alternaria alternata. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:255. [PMID: 38982358 PMCID: PMC11232169 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03411-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alternaria alternata is the primary pathogen of potato leaf spot disease, resulting in significant potato yield losses globally. Endophytic microorganism-based biological control, especially using microorganisms from host plants, has emerged as a promising and eco-friendly approach for managing plant diseases. Therefore, this study aimed to isolate, identify and characterize the endophytic fungi from healthy potato leaves which had great antifungal activity to the potato leaf spot pathogen of A. alternata in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS An endophytic fungal strain SD1-4 was isolated from healthy potato leaves and was identified as Talaromyces muroii through morphological and sequencing analysis. The strain SD1-4 exhibited potent antifungal activity against the potato leaf spot pathogen A. alternata Lill, with a hyphal inhibition rate of 69.19%. Microscopic and scanning electron microscope observations revealed that the strain SD1-4 grew parallel to, coiled around, shrunk and deformed the mycelia of A. alternata Lill. Additionally, the enzyme activities of chitinase and β-1, 3-glucanase significantly increased in the hyphae of A. alternata Lill when co-cultured with the strain SD1-4, indicating severe impairment of the cell wall function of A. alternata Lill. Furthermore, the mycelial growth and conidial germination of A. alternata Lill were significantly suppressed by the aseptic filtrate of the strain SD1-4, with inhibition rates of 79.00% and 80.67%, respectively. Decrease of leaf spot disease index from 78.36 to 37.03 was also observed in potato plants treated with the strain SD1-4, along with the significantly increased plant growth characters including plant height, root length, fresh weight, dry weight, chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate of potato seedlings. CONCLUSION The endophyte fungus of T. muroii SD1-4 isolated from healthy potato leaves in the present study showed high biocontrol potential against potato leaf spot disease caused by A. alternata via direct parasitism or antifungal metabolites, and had positive roles in promoting potato plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Wei Xu
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Zhibo Zhao
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Youhua Long
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Rong Fan
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
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Y R, Periyanadar IV, Saxena SN, Muthurajan R, Sundararajan V, Pridiuldi SV, Meena SS, Naik AN, Harisha CB, Asangi H, Choudhary S, Singh R, Dengeru Y, V KK, Meena NK, Meena RS, Verma AK. Identification, validation and quantification of thymoquinone in conjunction with assessment of bioactive possessions and GC-MS profiling of pharmaceutically valuable crop Nigella ( Nigella sativa L.) varieties. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17177. [PMID: 38563005 PMCID: PMC10984176 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Plants have been pivotal in traditional and modern medicine globally, with historical evidence supporting their therapeutic applications. Nigella (Nigella sativa L.) is an annual herbaceous plant of the Ranunculaceae family and is cultivated in the Middle East, Eastern Europe, and Western and Central Asia. The medicinal use of plants dates back thousands of years, documented in ancient writings from various civilizations. Alkaloids, phenolics, saponins, flavonoids, terpenoids, anthraquinones, and tannins found in plants exhibit antioxidant, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antibacterial, and antidiabetic activities. Methodology This study specifically examines the pharmacological potential of Nigella sativa L., emphasizing thymoquinone-a compound with diverse nutraceutical benefits. The extraction, characterization, and quantification of thymoquinone, alongside other physicochemical parameters, were carried out using ethanol through Soxhlet extraction procedures on five nigella varieties. HPLC analysis was performed to determine the maximum accumulation of thymoquinone in the released variety of the plant and the chemical composition of the seed oil isolated from Nigella sativa L., varieties utilized in the study was determined through GC-MS analysis. Results The research revealed that the Ajmer nigella-20 variety stands out, exhibiting elevated levels of thymoquinone (0.20 ± 0.07%), antioxidants (76.18 ± 1.78%), and substantial quantities of total phenols (31.85 ± 0.97 mg GAEg-1 seed) and flavonoids (8.150 ± 0.360 mg QE 100 g-1 seed) compared to other varieties. The GC-MS profiling showed the presence of 11 major compounds in the studied varieties, with p-cymene, longifolene, and myristic acid identified as the major chemical compounds present in the oil. Conclusion The observed variations among Nigella varieties indicate the Ajmer nigella-20 variety as particularly promising for thymoquinone and bioactive compound extraction. This study underscores Nigella's potential as a source of pharmacologically active compounds, highlighting the need for further exploration in therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Y
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Seed Spices, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
- HC & RI, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India
| | | | | | - Raveendran Muthurajan
- Centre for Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | | | - Sumer Singh Meena
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Seed Spices, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ashoka Narayana Naik
- COH, Sirsi, University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkote, Sirsi, Karnataka, India
| | - C. B. Harisha
- ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Pune, Maharastra, India
| | - Honnappa Asangi
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Spices Research, Regional Station, Appangala, Madikeri, Karnataka, India
| | - Sharda Choudhary
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Seed Spices, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ravindra Singh
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Seed Spices, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | | | - Kavan Kumar V
- Department of Renewable Energy Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur, India
| | | | - Ram Swaroop Meena
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Seed Spices, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
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