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Salvatori L, Malatesta S, Illi B, Somma MP, Fionda C, Stabile H, Fontanella RA, Gaetano C. Nitric Oxide Prevents Glioblastoma Stem Cells' Expansion and Induces Temozolomide Sensitization. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11286. [PMID: 37511047 PMCID: PMC10379318 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) has high mortality and recurrence rates. Malignancy resilience is ascribed to Glioblastoma Stem Cells (GSCs), which are resistant to Temozolomide (TMZ), the gold standard for GBM post-surgical treatment. However, Nitric Oxide (NO) has demonstrated anti-cancer efficacy in GBM cells, but its potential impact on GSCs remains unexplored. Accordingly, we investigated the effects of NO, both alone and in combination with TMZ, on patient-derived GSCs. Experimentally selected concentrations of diethylenetriamine/NO adduct and TMZ were used through a time course up to 21 days of treatment, to evaluate GSC proliferation and death, functional recovery, and apoptosis. Immunofluorescence and Western blot analyses revealed treatment-induced effects in cell cycle and DNA damage occurrence and repair. Our results showed that NO impairs self-renewal, disrupts cell-cycle progression, and expands the quiescent cells' population. Consistently, NO triggered a significant but tolerated level of DNA damage, but not apoptosis. Interestingly, NO/TMZ cotreatment further inhibited cell cycle progression, augmented G0 cells, induced cell death, but also enhanced DNA damage repair activity. These findings suggest that, although NO administration does not eliminate GSCs, it stunts their proliferation, and makes cells susceptible to TMZ. The resulting cytostatic effect may potentially allow long-term control over the GSCs' subpopulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Salvatori
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council (CNR), c/o Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Malatesta
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council (CNR), c/o Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Illi
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council (CNR), c/o Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Patrizia Somma
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council (CNR), c/o Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Fionda
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Helena Stabile
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Rosaria Anna Fontanella
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council (CNR), c/o Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Carlo Gaetano
- Laboratorio di Epigenetica, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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2
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Svetlova M, Solovjeva L, Kropotov A, Nikiforov A. The Impact of NAD Bioavailability on DNA Double-Strand Break Repair Capacity in Human Dermal Fibroblasts after Ionizing Radiation. Cells 2023; 12:1518. [PMID: 37296639 PMCID: PMC10252650 DOI: 10.3390/cells12111518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) serves as a substrate for protein deacetylases sirtuins and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases, which are involved in the regulation of DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair molecular machinery by various mechanisms. However, the impact of NAD bioavailability on DSB repair remains poorly characterized. Herein, using immunocytochemical analysis of γH2AX, a marker for DSB, we investigated the effect of the pharmacological modulation of NAD levels on DSB repair capacity in human dermal fibroblasts exposed to moderate doses of ionizing radiation (IR). We demonstrated that NAD boosting with nicotinamide riboside did not affect the efficiency of DSB elimination after the exposure of cells to IR at 1 Gy. Moreover, even after irradiation at 5 Gy, we did not observe any decrease in intracellular NAD content. We also showed that, when the NAD pool was almost completely depleted by inhibition of its biosynthesis from nicotinamide, cells were still able to eliminate IR-induced DSB, though the activation of ATM kinase, its colocalization with γH2AX and DSB repair capacity were reduced in comparison to cells with normal NAD levels. Our results suggest that NAD-dependent processes, such as protein deacetylation and ADP-ribosylation, are important but not indispensable for DSB repair induced by moderate doses of IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Svetlova
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia; (L.S.); (A.K.)
| | | | | | - Andrey Nikiforov
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia; (L.S.); (A.K.)
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3
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Tang J, Li Z, Wu Q, Irfan M, Li W, Liu X. Role of Paralogue of XRCC4 and XLF in DNA Damage Repair and Cancer Development. Front Immunol 2022; 13:852453. [PMID: 35309348 PMCID: PMC8926060 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.852453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-homologous end joining (cNHEJ) is a major pathway to repair double-strand breaks (DSBs) in DNA. Several core cNHEJ are involved in the progress of the repair such as KU70 and 80, DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs), Artemis, X-ray repair cross-complementing protein 4 (XRCC4), DNA ligase IV, and XRCC4-like factor (XLF). Recent studies have added a number of new proteins during cNHEJ. One of the newly identified proteins is Paralogue of XRCC4 and XLF (PAXX), which acts as a scaffold that is required to stabilize the KU70/80 heterodimer at DSBs sites and promotes the assembly and/or stability of the cNHEJ machinery. PAXX plays an essential role in lymphocyte development in XLF-deficient background, while XLF/PAXX double-deficient mouse embryo died before birth. Emerging evidence also shows a connection between the expression levels of PAXX and cancer development in human patients, indicating a prognosis role of the protein. This review will summarize and discuss the function of PAXX in DSBs repair and its potential role in cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Tang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Instability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhongxia Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Instability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Instability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Muhammad Irfan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Instability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weili Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Instability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiangyu Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Instability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Hematology, The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
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4
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Baker SC, Mason AS, Slip RG, Skinner KT, Macdonald A, Masood O, Harris RS, Fenton TR, Periyasamy M, Ali S, Southgate J. Induction of APOBEC3-mediated genomic damage in urothelium implicates BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) as a hit-and-run driver for bladder cancer. Oncogene 2022; 41:2139-2151. [PMID: 35194151 PMCID: PMC8862006 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02235-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Limited understanding of bladder cancer aetiopathology hampers progress in reducing incidence. Mutational signatures show the anti-viral apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide (APOBEC) enzymes are responsible for the preponderance of mutations in bladder tumour genomes, but no causative viral agent has been identified. BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) is a common childhood infection that remains latent in the adult kidney, where reactivation leads to viruria. This study provides missing mechanistic evidence linking reactivated BKPyV-infection to bladder cancer risk. We used a mitotically-quiescent, functionally-differentiated model of normal human urothelium to examine BKPyV-infection. BKPyV-infection led to significantly elevated APOBEC3A and APOBEC3B protein, increased deaminase activity and greater numbers of apurinic/apyrimidinic sites in the host urothelial genome. BKPyV Large T antigen (LT-Ag) stimulated re-entry from G0 into the cell cycle through inhibition of retinoblastoma protein and activation of EZH2, E2F1 and FOXM1, with cells arresting in G2. The single-stranded DNA displacement loops formed in urothelial cells during BKPyV-infection interacted with LT-Ag to provide a substrate for APOBEC3-activity. Addition of interferon gamma (IFNγ) to infected urothelium suppressed expression of the viral genome. These results support reactivated BKPyV infections in adults as a risk factor for bladder cancer in immune-insufficient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon C Baker
- Jack Birch Unit for Molecular Carcinogenesis, Department of Biology and York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
| | - Andrew S Mason
- Jack Birch Unit for Molecular Carcinogenesis, Department of Biology and York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Raphael G Slip
- Jack Birch Unit for Molecular Carcinogenesis, Department of Biology and York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Katie T Skinner
- Jack Birch Unit for Molecular Carcinogenesis, Department of Biology and York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Andrew Macdonald
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, School of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Omar Masood
- Leeds Kidney Unit, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Reuben S Harris
- College of Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Tim R Fenton
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NJ, UK
- School of Cancer Sciences, Cancer Research UK Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Manikandan Periyasamy
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Disease Intervention Technology Laboratory (DITL), Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), 8A Biomedical Grove, Neuros/Immunos, #06-04/05, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Simak Ali
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jennifer Southgate
- Jack Birch Unit for Molecular Carcinogenesis, Department of Biology and York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
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5
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Ji YR, Cheng CC, Lee AL, Shieh JCC, Wu HJ, Huang APH, Hsu YH, Young TH. Poly(allylguanidine)-Coated Surfaces Regulate TGF-β in Glioblastoma Cells to Induce Apoptosis via NF-κB Pathway Activation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:59400-59410. [PMID: 34846137 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c21027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Polycationic biomaterials are currently widely applied in neuronal cell cultures to promote cell adhesion and viability. However, polycations generally have cytotoxic properties that limit their application in the field of biomaterials. In this study, we examined the use of a novel polycation poly(allylguanidine) (PAG), which contains a guanidine group in the side chain and a structure similar to poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH), an example of another commonly used polycation. Our findings showed that exposure to PAG induced apoptosis in glioblastoma (GBM) cells, while exposure to PAH induced necrosis. Compared to control groups, the PAG coating significantly limited the proliferation of GBM8901 in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, GBM8901 cells exposed to the PAG coating exhibited increased levels of phospho-p65 and phosphor-IκB, implying that GBM8901 cells underwent apoptotic cell death via the NF-κB pathway by the regulation of TGF-β. This result was further confirmed to be consistent with the experimental results from western blot protein analysis and apoptosis/necrosis assays. These findings indicate that the polycation PAG has the potential to not only suppress the proliferation of GBM8901 cancer cells but also improve the neural viability and promote the differentiation of neural stem/precursor cells into mature neurons. In conclusion, biomaterials such as PAG act as extremely potent options for applications in the treatment of pathological conditions such as brain cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Ren Ji
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chia Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - An-Li Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 104, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City 252, Taiwan
| | | | - Hsin-Ju Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Abel Po-Hao Huang
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hua Hsu
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Horng Young
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
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6
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Li CJ, Lin LT, Tsai HW, Chern CU, Wen ZH, Wang PH, Tsui KH. The Molecular Regulation in the Pathophysiology in Ovarian Aging. Aging Dis 2021; 12:934-949. [PMID: 34094652 PMCID: PMC8139203 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2020.1113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The female reproductive system is of great significance to women’s health. Aging of the female reproductive system occurs approximately 10 years prior to the natural age-associated functional decline of other organ systems. With an increase in life expectancy worldwide, reproductive aging has gradually become a key health issue among women. Therefore, an adequate understanding of the causes and molecular mechanisms of ovarian aging is essential towards the inhibition of age-related diseases and the promotion of health and longevity in women. In general, women begin to experience a decline in ovarian function around the age of 35 years, which is mainly manifested as a decrease in the number of ovarian follicles and the quality of oocytes. Studies have revealed the occurrence of mitochondrial dysfunction, reduced DNA repair, epigenetic changes, and metabolic alterations in the cells within the ovaries as age increases. In the present work, we reviewed the possible factors of aging-induced ovarian insufficiency based on its clinical diagnosis and performed an in-depth investigation of the relevant molecular mechanisms and potential targets to provide novel approaches for the effective improvement of ovarian function in older women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Jung Li
- 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,2Institute of BioPharmaceutical sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Te Lin
- 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,2Institute of BioPharmaceutical sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,3Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Wen Tsai
- 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,2Institute of BioPharmaceutical sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chyi-Uei Chern
- 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Zhi-Hong Wen
- 4Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Peng-Hui Wang
- 3Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,5Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,6Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,7Female Cancer Foundation, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Hao Tsui
- 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,2Institute of BioPharmaceutical sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,3Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,8Department of Pharmacy and Master Program, College of Pharmacy and Health Care, Tajen University, Pingtung County, Taiwan
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7
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González-Gutiérrez AM, Ortiz-Muñiz R, García-Rodríguez MDC, Cortés-Barberena E. Phosphorylated ATM and H2AX in T and B lymphocytes from rats with moderate and severe malnutrition. DNA Repair (Amst) 2019; 83:102640. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2019.102640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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8
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Tajai P, Fedeles BI, Suriyo T, Navasumrit P, Kanitwithayanun J, Essigmann JM, Satayavivad J. An engineered cell line lacking OGG1 and MUTYH glycosylases implicates the accumulation of genomic 8-oxoguanine as the basis for paraquat mutagenicity. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 116:64-72. [PMID: 29289706 PMCID: PMC5902796 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Paraquat (1,1'-dimethyl, 4,4'-bipyridinium dichloride; PQ), a widely used herbicide, is toxic to mammals through ingestion, inhalation and skin contact. Epidemiological data suggest that PQ is also mutagenic and carcinogenic, especially in high doses. The toxic and mutagenic properties of PQ are attributed to the ability of the molecule to redox-cycle, which generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) and subsequent oxidative stress. ROS also cause oxidative DNA damage such as 8-oxoguanine (8OG), a mutagenic base that, when replicated, causes G to T transversion mutations. The present study employed the CHO-derived cell line AS52 to quantify the mutagenic properties of low doses of PQ. By containing a functional, chromosomally-integrated copy of the bacterial gpt gene, AS52 cells a facile system for evaluating the mutagenic properties of genotoxicants. To bolster the sensitivity of this system for detecting mutagenesis of weak mutagens like PQ, and to provide a tool for mechanistic evaluation of the mutagenic process, we constructed a new AS52-derived cell line defective for 8OG DNA repair. Specifically, we employed CRISPR-Cas9 technology to knock out 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (OGG1) and MUTYH glycosylase, two key enzymes involved in the base excision repair of 8OG. The double knock-out (DKO) AS52 cells were found to be more sensitive to PQ toxicity than the parental (WT) AS52 cell line. They experienced higher levels of ROS, which translated into more DNA double-strand breaks, which explained the PQ toxicity. The increased ROS levels also led to more 8OG genomic accumulation, and a higher level of mutations in the DKO cells, suggesting that PQ mutagenesis is mediated primarily by 8OG genomic accumulation. Consistent with this view, antioxidant co-treatment lowered induced cellular ROS and PQ-induced mutagenesis. Taken together, our data demonstrate the strong protective role of OGG1 and MUTYH against PQ-induced mutagenesis. Moreover, our experiments establish the engineered OGG1-/-MUTYH-/- AS52 cell line and associated methods as a versatile cellular system for studying in quantitative terms the mutagenesis of other agents, environmental or endogenous, that induce oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preechaya Tajai
- Graduate Program in Environmental Toxicology, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand; Departments of Biological Engineering and Chemistry, and Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Bogdan I Fedeles
- Departments of Biological Engineering and Chemistry, and Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Tawit Suriyo
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology, Ministry of Education, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Panida Navasumrit
- Graduate Program in Environmental Toxicology, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand; Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Jantamas Kanitwithayanun
- Graduate Program in Environmental Toxicology, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand; Laboratory of Pharmacology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - John M Essigmann
- Departments of Biological Engineering and Chemistry, and Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Jutamaad Satayavivad
- Graduate Program in Environmental Toxicology, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand; Laboratory of Pharmacology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology, Ministry of Education, Bangkok 10210, Thailand.
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9
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Avgousti DC, Della Fera AN, Otter CJ, Herrmann C, Pancholi NJ, Weitzman MD. Adenovirus Core Protein VII Downregulates the DNA Damage Response on the Host Genome. J Virol 2017; 91:e01089-17. [PMID: 28794020 PMCID: PMC5625504 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01089-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral manipulation of cellular proteins allows viruses to suppress host defenses and generate infectious progeny. Due to the linear double-stranded DNA nature of the adenovirus genome, the cellular DNA damage response (DDR) is considered a barrier to successful infection. The adenovirus genome is packaged with protein VII, a virally encoded histone-like core protein that is suggested to protect incoming viral genomes from detection by the cellular DNA damage machinery. We showed that protein VII localizes to host chromatin during infection, leading us to hypothesize that protein VII may affect DNA damage responses on the cellular genome. Here we show that protein VII at cellular chromatin results in a significant decrease in accumulation of phosphorylated H2AX (γH2AX) following irradiation, indicating that protein VII inhibits DDR signaling. The oncoprotein SET was recently suggested to modulate the DDR by affecting access of repair proteins to chromatin. Since protein VII binds SET, we investigated a role for SET in DDR inhibition by protein VII. We show that knockdown of SET partially rescues the protein VII-induced decrease in γH2AX accumulation on the host genome, suggesting that SET is required for inhibition. Finally, we show that knockdown of SET also allows ATM to localize to incoming viral genomes bound by protein VII during infection with a mutant lacking early region E4. Together, our data suggest that the protein VII-SET interaction contributes to DDR evasion by adenovirus. Our results provide an additional example of a strategy used by adenovirus to abrogate the host DDR and show how viruses can modify cellular processes through manipulation of host chromatin.IMPORTANCE The DNA damage response (DDR) is a cellular network that is crucial for maintaining genome integrity. DNA viruses replicating in the nucleus challenge the resident genome and must overcome cellular responses, including the DDR. Adenoviruses are prevalent human pathogens that can cause a multitude of diseases, such as respiratory infections and conjunctivitis. Here we describe how a small adenovirus core protein that localizes to host chromatin during infection can globally downregulate the DDR. Our study focuses on key players in the damage signaling pathway and highlights how viral manipulation of chromatin may influence access of DDR proteins to the host genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphne C Avgousti
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Division of Protective Immunity and Division of Cancer Pathobiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ashley N Della Fera
- Division of Protective Immunity and Division of Cancer Pathobiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Clayton J Otter
- Division of Protective Immunity and Division of Cancer Pathobiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Christin Herrmann
- Division of Protective Immunity and Division of Cancer Pathobiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Neha J Pancholi
- Division of Protective Immunity and Division of Cancer Pathobiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Matthew D Weitzman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Division of Protective Immunity and Division of Cancer Pathobiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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10
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Ishii S, Torii M, Son AI, Rajendraprasad M, Morozov YM, Kawasawa YI, Salzberg AC, Fujimoto M, Brennand K, Nakai A, Mezger V, Gage FH, Rakic P, Hashimoto-Torii K. Variations in brain defects result from cellular mosaicism in the activation of heat shock signalling. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15157. [PMID: 28462912 PMCID: PMC5418582 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Repetitive prenatal exposure to identical or similar doses of harmful agents results in highly variable and unpredictable negative effects on fetal brain development ranging in severity from high to little or none. However, the molecular and cellular basis of this variability is not well understood. This study reports that exposure of mouse and human embryonic brain tissues to equal doses of harmful chemicals, such as ethanol, activates the primary stress response transcription factor heat shock factor 1 (Hsf1) in a highly variable and stochastic manner. While Hsf1 is essential for protecting the embryonic brain from environmental stress, excessive activation impairs critical developmental events such as neuronal migration. Our results suggest that mosaic activation of Hsf1 within the embryonic brain in response to prenatal environmental stress exposure may contribute to the resulting generation of phenotypic variations observed in complex congenital brain disorders. Prenatal exposure to environmental stressors is known to impair cortical development. Here the authors show that upon exposure to stressors, the activation of Hsf1-Hsp signalling is highly variable among cells in the embryonic cortex of mice, and either too much or too little activation can result in defects in cortical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Ishii
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia 20010, USA
| | - Masaaki Torii
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia 20010, USA.,Department of Neurobiology and Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia 20052, USA
| | - Alexander I Son
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia 20010, USA
| | - Meenu Rajendraprasad
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia 20010, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia 20052, USA
| | - Yury M Morozov
- Department of Neurobiology and Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
| | - Yuka Imamura Kawasawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Dr., Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Dr., Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA.,Institute for Personalized Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Dr., Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
| | - Anna C Salzberg
- Institute for Personalized Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Dr., Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
| | - Mitsuaki Fujimoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Ube 755-8505, Japan
| | - Kristen Brennand
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York 10029, USA.,Salk Institute for Biological Studies, Laboratory of Genetics, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Akira Nakai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Ube 755-8505, Japan
| | - Valerie Mezger
- CNRS, UMR7216 Epigenetics and Cell Fate, Paris 75205, France.,University Paris Diderot, 75205 Paris, France.,Département Hospitalo-Universitaire DHU PROTECT, Paris 75019, France
| | - Fred H Gage
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, Laboratory of Genetics, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Pasko Rakic
- Department of Neurobiology and Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
| | - Kazue Hashimoto-Torii
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia 20010, USA.,Department of Neurobiology and Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia 20052, USA
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11
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Solovjeva L, Firsanov D, Pleskach N, Svetlova M. Immunofluorescence Analysis of γ-H2AX Foci in Mammalian Fibroblasts at Different Phases of the Cell Cycle. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1644:187-194. [PMID: 28710765 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7187-9_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
H2AX phosphorylation at Ser139 (formation of γ-H2AX) is an indicator of double-strand breaks in DNA (DSBs) after the action of different genotoxic stresses, including ionizing radiation, environmental agents, and chemotherapy drugs. The sites of DSBs can be visualized as focal sites of γ-H2AX using antibodies and immunofluorescence microscopy. The microscopy technique is the most sensitive method of DSB detection in individual cells. It is useful for experimental research, radiation biodosimetry, and clinical practice. In this chapter, we provide an immunochemical protocol for γ-H2AX labeling and analysis by confocal microscopy. The advantage of the assay is that it enables the quantitation of γ-H2AX foci in individual cells in different phases of the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liudmila Solovjeva
- Institute of Cytology RAS, 4 Tikhoretski Ave., Saint-Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - Denis Firsanov
- Institute of Cytology RAS, 4 Tikhoretski Ave., Saint-Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - Nadezhda Pleskach
- Institute of Cytology RAS, 4 Tikhoretski Ave., Saint-Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - Maria Svetlova
- Institute of Cytology RAS, 4 Tikhoretski Ave., Saint-Petersburg, 194064, Russia.
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