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Martínez-Zavala SA, Ortiz-Rodríguez T, Salcedo-Hernández R, Casados-Vázquez LE, Del Rincón-Castro MC, Bideshi DK, Barboza-Corona JE. The chitin-binding domain of Bacillus thuringiensis ChiA74 inhibits gram-negative bacterial and fungal pathogens of humans and plants. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:128049. [PMID: 37963502 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
The chitinase ChiA74 is synthesized by Bacillus thuringiensis and possesses a modular organization composed of four domains. In the C-terminal of the enzyme is located the chitin-binding domain (CBD), which has not been isolated as a single unit or characterized. Here, we aimed to isolate the ChiA74's CBD as a single unit, determine the binding properties, and evaluate its antimicrobial and hemolytic activities. We cloned the ChiA74's CBD and expressed it in Escherichia coli BL21. The single domain was purified, analyzed by SDS-PAGE, and characterized. The recombinant CBD (rCBD) showed a molecular mass of ∼14 kDa and binds strongly to α-chitin, with Kd and Bmax of ∼4.7 ± 0.9 μM and 1.5 ± 0.1 μmoles/g chitin, respectively. Besides, the binding potential (Bmax/Kd) was stronger for α-chitin (∼0.31) than microcrystalline cellulose (∼0.19). It was also shown that the purified rCBD inhibited the growth of the clinically relevant Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) Vibrio cholerae, and V. parahemolyticus CVP2 with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 121 ± 9.9 and 138 ± 3.2 μg/mL, respectively, and of one of the most common GNB plant pathogens, Pseudomonas syringae with a MIC of 230 ± 13.8 μg/mL. In addition, the rCBD possessed antifungal activity inhibiting the conidia germination of Fusarium oxysporum (MIC = 192 ± 37.5 μg/mL) and lacked hemolytic and agglutination activities against human erythrocytes. The significance of this work lies in the fact that data provided here show for the first time that ChiA74's CBD from B. thuringiensis has antimicrobial activity, suggesting its potential use against significant pathogenic microorganisms. Future works will be focused on testing the inhibitory effect against other pathogenic microorganisms and elucidating the mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila A Martínez-Zavala
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Life Science Division, University of Guanajuato Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, Irapuato, Guanajuato 36500, México
| | - Tomás Ortiz-Rodríguez
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Life Science Division, University of Guanajuato Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, Irapuato, Guanajuato 36500, México
| | - Rubén Salcedo-Hernández
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Life Science Division, University of Guanajuato Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, Irapuato, Guanajuato 36500, México
| | - Luz E Casados-Vázquez
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Life Science Division, University of Guanajuato Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, Irapuato, Guanajuato 36500, México; Food Department, Life Science Division, University of Guanajuato Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, Irapuato, Guanajuato 36500, México; CONACyT-University of Guanajuato, México
| | - Ma Cristina Del Rincón-Castro
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Life Science Division, University of Guanajuato Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, Irapuato, Guanajuato 36500, México; Food Department, Life Science Division, University of Guanajuato Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, Irapuato, Guanajuato 36500, México
| | - Dennis K Bideshi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Program in Biomedical Sciences, California Baptist University, Riverside, CA, United States of America
| | - José E Barboza-Corona
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Life Science Division, University of Guanajuato Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, Irapuato, Guanajuato 36500, México; Food Department, Life Science Division, University of Guanajuato Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, Irapuato, Guanajuato 36500, México.
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Faysal Ahmed F, Dola FS, Zohra FT, Rahman SM, Konak JN, Sarkar MAR. Genome-wide identification, classification, and characterization of lectin gene superfamily in sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L.). PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294233. [PMID: 37956187 PMCID: PMC10642848 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Lectins are sugar-binding proteins found abundantly in plants. Lectin superfamily members have diverse roles, including plant growth, development, cellular processes, stress responses, and defense against microbes. However, the genome-wide identification and functional analysis of lectin genes in sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L.) remain unexplored. Therefore, we used integrated bioinformatics approaches (IBA) for in-depth genome-wide identification, characterization, and regulatory factor analysis of sweet orange lectin genes. Through genome-wide comparative analysis, we identified a total of 141 lectin genes distributed across 10 distinct gene families such as 68 CsB-Lectin, 13 CsLysin Motif (LysM), 4 CsChitin-Bind1, 1 CsLec-C, 3 CsGal-B, 1 CsCalreticulin, 3 CsJacalin, 13 CsPhloem, 11 CsGal-Lec, and 24 CsLectinlegB.This classification relied on characteristic domain and phylogenetic analysis, showing significant homology with Arabidopsis thaliana's lectin gene families. A thorough analysis unveiled common similarities within specific groups and notable variations across different protein groups. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis highlighted the predicted genes' roles in diverse cellular components, metabolic processes, and stress-related regulation. Additionally, network analysis of lectin genes with transcription factors (TFs) identified pivotal regulators like ERF, MYB, NAC, WRKY, bHLH, bZIP, and TCP. The cis-acting regulatory elements (CAREs) found in sweet orange lectin genes showed their roles in crucial pathways, including light-responsive (LR), stress-responsive (SR), hormone-responsive (HR), and more. These findings will aid in the in-depth molecular examination of these potential genes and their regulatory elements, contributing to targeted enhancements of sweet orange species in breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fee Faysal Ahmed
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Farah Sumaiya Dola
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Fatema Tuz Zohra
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Shaikh Mizanur Rahman
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Jesmin Naher Konak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of LifeScience, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Santosh, Tangail, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Abdur Rauf Sarkar
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
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Xiong Y, Zhao D, Chen S, Yuan L, Zhang D, Wang H. Deciphering the underlying immune network of the potato defense response inhibition by Phytophthora infestans nuclear effector Pi07586 through transcriptome analysis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1269959. [PMID: 37810389 PMCID: PMC10556245 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1269959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Phytophthora infestans, a highly destructive plant oomycete pathogen, is responsible for causing late blight in potatoes worldwide. To successfully infect host cells and evade immunity, P. infestans secretes various effectors into host cells and exclusively targets the host nucleus. However, the precise mechanisms by which these effectors manipulate host gene expression and reprogram defenses remain poorly understood. In this study, we focused on a nuclear-targeted effector, Pi07586, which has been implicated in immune suppression. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis showed Pi07586 was significant up-regulation during the early stages of infection. Agrobacterium-induced transient expression revealed that Pi07586 localized in the nucleus of leaf cells. Overexpression of Pi07586 resulted in increased leaf colonization by P. infestans. RNA-seq analysis revealed that Pi07586 effectively suppressed the expression of PR-1C-like and photosynthetic antenna protein genes. Furthermore, high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) analysis indicated that Pi07586 overexpression led to a substantial decrease in abscisic acid (ABA), jasmonic acid (JA), and jasmonoyl-isoleucine (JA-Ile) levels, while not affecting salicylic acid (SA) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production. These findings shed new light on the modulation of plant immunity by Pi07586 and enhance our understanding of the intricate relationship between P. infestans and host plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Xiong
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Potato Biology, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China
- School of Life Science, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China
| | - Di Zhao
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Potato Biology, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China
| | - Shengnan Chen
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Potato Biology, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China
| | - Lan Yuan
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Potato Biology, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China
| | - Die Zhang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Potato Biology, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China
| | - Hongyang Wang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Potato Biology, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China
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Medicinal Plants of Solanum Species: The Promising Sources of Phyto-Insecticidal Compounds. J Trop Med 2022; 2022:4952221. [PMID: 36187457 PMCID: PMC9519333 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4952221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Several medicinal plants have the potential to be a promising alternative pharmacological therapy for a variety of human illnesses. Many insects, including mosquitoes, are important vectors of deadly pathogens and parasites, which in the world's growing human and animal populations can cause serious epidemics and pandemics. Medicinal plants continue to provide a large library of phytochemicals, which can be used to replace chemically synthesized insecticides, and utilization of herbal product-based insecticides is one of the best and safest alternatives for mosquito control. Identifying new effective phyto-derived insecticides is important to counter increasing insect resistance to synthetic compounds and provide a safer environment. Solanum genus (Solanaceae family or nightshades) comprises more than 2500 species, which are widely used as food and traditional medicine. All research publications on insecticidal properties of Solanaceae plants and their phytoconstituents against mosquitoes and other insects published up to July 2020 were systematically analyzed through PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, EBSCO, Europe PMC, and Google Scholar databases, with focus on species containing active phytoconstituents that are biodegradable and environmentally safe. The current state of knowledge on larvicidal plants of Solanum species, type of extracts, target insect species, type of effects, name of inhibiting bioactive compounds, and their lethal doses (LC50 and LC90) were reviewed in this study. These studies provide valuable information about the activity of various species of Solanum and their phytochemical diversity, as well as a roadmap for optimizing select compounds for botanical repellents against a variety of vectors that cause debilitating and life-threatening human diseases.
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Konozy EHE, Osman MEFM, Dirar AI, Ghartey-Kwansah G. Plant lectins: A new antimicrobial frontier. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 155:113735. [PMID: 36152414 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, and other microbes constantly change to ensure survival. Several pathogens have adopted strict and intricate strategies to fight medical treatments. Many drugs, frequently prescribed to treat these pathogens, are becoming obsolete and ineffective. Because pathogens have gained the capacity to tolerate or resist medications targeted at them, hence the term antimicrobial resistance (AMR), in that regard, many natural compounds have been routinely used as new antimicrobial agents to treat infections. Thus, plant lectins, the carbohydrate-binding proteins, have been targeted as promising drug candidates. This article reviewed more than 150 published papers on plant lectins with promising antibacterial and antifungal properties. We have also demonstrated how some plant lectins could express a synergistic action as adjuvants to boost the efficacy of obsolete or abandoned antimicrobial drugs. Emphasis has also been given to their plausible mechanism of action. The study further reports on the immunomodulatory effect of plant lectins and how they boost the immune system to curb or prevent infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Amina I Dirar
- Medicinal, Aromatic Plants and Traditional Medicine Research Institute (MAPTRI), National Center for Research, Mek Nimr Street, Khartoum, Sudan.
| | - George Ghartey-Kwansah
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.
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Arfin N, Podder MK, Kabir SR, Asaduzzaman A, Hasan I. Antibacterial, antifungal and in vivo anticancer activities of chitin-binding lectins from Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruits. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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Lectins ConA and ConM extracted from Canavalia ensiformis (L.) DC and Canavalia rosea (Sw.) DC inhibit planktonic Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:346. [PMID: 35608680 PMCID: PMC9127036 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-02959-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Lectins participate in the defense against microorganisms and in signaling the damage caused by pathogens to the cell surface and/or intracellular in plants. This study aims to analyze the antifungal potential of lectins extracted from seeds of Canavalia ensiformis (L.) DC and Canavalia rosea (Sw.) DC, against Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis. The antimicrobial tests were performed by microdilution against Candida spp. The test to verify the combined lectin/fluconazole effect was performed using subinhibitory concentrations of lectins and with antifungal ranging from 0.5 to 512 µg/mL. The ability to inhibit the morphological transition of Candida spp. was evaluated by microcultivation in a moist chamber. The results of the minimum inhibitory concentration revealed no antifungal activity against the tested strains. However, lectins modified the action of fluconazole, reducing the IC50 of the drug against C. albicans. Lectins were also able to discretely modulate the morphological transition of the tested strains.
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Jain M, Amera GM, Muthukumaran J, Singh AK. Insights into biological role of plant defense proteins: A review. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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N-Acetylglucosamine Sensing and Metabolic Engineering for Attenuating Human and Plant Pathogens. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9020064. [PMID: 35200417 PMCID: PMC8869657 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9020064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
During evolution, both human and plant pathogens have evolved to utilize a diverse range of carbon sources. N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), an amino sugar, is one of the major carbon sources utilized by several human and phytopathogens. GlcNAc regulates the expression of many virulence genes of pathogens. In fact, GlcNAc catabolism is also involved in the regulation of virulence and pathogenesis of various human pathogens, including Candida albicans, Vibrio cholerae, Leishmania donovani, Mycobacterium, and phytopathogens such as Magnaporthe oryzae. Moreover, GlcNAc is also a well-known structural component of many bacterial and fungal pathogen cell walls, suggesting its possible role in cell signaling. Over the last few decades, many studies have been performed to study GlcNAc sensing, signaling, and metabolism to better understand the GlcNAc roles in pathogenesis in order to identify new drug targets. In this review, we provide recent insights into GlcNAc-mediated cell signaling and pathogenesis. Further, we describe how the GlcNAc metabolic pathway can be targeted to reduce the pathogens’ virulence in order to control the disease prevalence and crop productivity.
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Fonseca VJA, Braga AL, Filho JR, Teixeira CS, da Hora GCA, Morais-Braga MFB. A review on the antimicrobial properties of lectins. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 195:163-178. [PMID: 34896466 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Lectins are biologically versatile biomolecules with remarkable antimicrobial effects, notably against bacteria, fungi and protozoa, in addition to modulating host immunity. For this, the lectins bind to carbohydrates on the surface of the pathogen, which can cause damage to the cell wall and prevent the attachment of microorganisms to host cells. Thus, this study intends to review the biological activities of lectins, with an emphasis on antimicrobial activity. Lectins of plant stood out for its antimicrobial effects, demonstrating that they act against a variety of strains, where in vitro were able to inhibit their development and affect their morphology. In vivo, they modulated host immunity, signaling and activating defense cells. Some of these lectins were capable to modulate the action of antibiotics, indicating their potential to minimize the antibiotic resistance. The results suggest that lectins have antimicrobial activity with potential to be used in drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Juno Alencar Fonseca
- Laboratório de Micologia Aplicada do Cariri - LMAC, Universidade Regional do Cariri - URCA, Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - Ana Lays Braga
- Laboratório de Micologia Aplicada do Cariri - LMAC, Universidade Regional do Cariri - URCA, Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - Jaime Ribeiro Filho
- Laboratório de Investigação em Genética e Hematologia Translacional, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz (IGM), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Claudener Souza Teixeira
- Centro de Ciências Agrárias e da Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal do Cariri, Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - Gabriel C A da Hora
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0850, USA
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Petersen BL, MacAlister CA, Ulvskov P. Plant Protein O-Arabinosylation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:645219. [PMID: 33815452 PMCID: PMC8012813 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.645219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A wide range of proteins with diverse functions in development, defense, and stress responses are O-arabinosylated at hydroxyprolines (Hyps) within distinct amino acid motifs of continuous stretches of Hyps, as found in the structural cell wall extensins, or at non-continuous Hyps as, for example, found in small peptide hormones and a variety of plasma membrane proteins involved in signaling. Plant O-glycosylation relies on hydroxylation of Prolines to Hyps in the protein backbone, mediated by prolyl-4-hydroxylase (P4H) which is followed by O-glycosylation of the Hyp C4-OH group by either galactosyltransferases (GalTs) or arabinofuranosyltranferases (ArafTs) yielding either Hyp-galactosylation or Hyp-arabinosylation. A subset of the P4H enzymes with putative preference to hydroxylation of continuous prolines and presumably all ArafT enzymes needed for synthesis of the substituted arabinose chains of one to four arabinose units, have been identified and functionally characterized. Truncated root-hair phenotype is one common denominator of mutants of Hyp formation and Hyp-arabinosylation glycogenes, which act on diverse groups of O-glycosylated proteins, e.g., the small peptide hormones and cell wall extensins. Dissection of different substrate derived effects may not be regularly feasible and thus complicate translation from genotype to phenotype. Recently, lack of proper arabinosylation on arabinosylated proteins has been shown to influence their transport/fate in the secretory pathway, hinting to an additional layer of functionality of O-arabinosylation. Here, we provide an update on the prevalence and types of O-arabinosylated proteins and the enzymatic machinery responsible for their modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bent Larsen Petersen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cora A. MacAlister
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Peter Ulvskov
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Li D, Qian J, Li W, Yu N, Gan G, Jiang Y, Li W, Liang X, Chen R, Mo Y, Lian J, Niu Y, Wang Y. A high-quality genome assembly of the eggplant provides insights into the molecular basis of disease resistance and chlorogenic acid synthesis. Mol Ecol Resour 2021; 21:1274-1286. [PMID: 33445226 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is one of the most important Solanaceae crops, ranking third for total production and economic value in its genus. Herein, we report a high-quality, chromosome-scale eggplant reference genome sequence of 1155.8 Mb, with an N50 of 93.9 Mb, which was assembled by combining PacBio long reads and Hi-C sequencing data. Repetitive sequences occupied 70.1% of the assembly length, and 35,018 high-confidence protein-coding genes were annotated based on multiple sources. Comparative analysis revealed 646 species-specific families and 364 positive selection genes, conferring distinguishing traits on the eggplant. We performed genome-wide comparative identification of disease resistance genes and discovered an expanded gene family of bacterial spot resistance in eggplant and pepper, but not in tomato and potato. The genes involved in chlorogenic acid synthesis were comprehensively characterized. Highly similar chromosomal distribution patterns of polyphenol oxidase genes were observed in the eggplant, tomato, and potato genomes. The eggplant reference genome sequence will not only facilitate evolutionary studies of the Solanaceae but also facilitate their breeding and improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Li
- Institute of Vegetable Research, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Jun Qian
- Biozeron Shenzhen, Inc, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weiliu Li
- Institute of Vegetable Research, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Ning Yu
- Institute of Vegetable Research, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Guiyun Gan
- Institute of Vegetable Research, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Yaqin Jiang
- Institute of Vegetable Research, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Wenjia Li
- Institute of Vegetable Research, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Xuyu Liang
- Institute of Vegetable Research, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Riyuan Chen
- Institute of Vegetable Research, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Yongcheng Mo
- Institute of Vegetable Research, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | | | | | - Yikui Wang
- Institute of Vegetable Research, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
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Tovar GI, Rivas-Rojas P, Lázaro-Martínez JM, Pérez CJ, Wolman FJ, Copello GJ. Supramolecular effect of acetate on chitin gelling medium: Structural properties and protein interaction. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 170:317-325. [PMID: 33373633 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the influence of Sodium Acetate Trihydrate (SAT) on the gelling stage of a chitin hydrogel was studied. Characterization techniques, such as FTIR, Raman, solid-state NMR, Dielectric Spectroscopy, Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), Wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to study the effect of SAT on the micro and nanostructure of the material in the wet, dry and freeze-dried states. It was demonstrated that the amount of SAT in the gelling solution can induce a variation in the supramolecular interaction among the polysaccharide chains, which leads to a change in the structural characteristics. In addition, it was observed that the polymer-water interactions are also altered by this structural ordering. Also, the affinity interaction with lysozyme was evaluated and an influence on the adsorption capacity was evidenced with the use of SAT. This could be an advance for biotechnological, biomedical, and food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Ibrahin Tovar
- Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Junín 956, C1113AAD Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Patricia Rivas-Rojas
- Laboratorio de Cristalografía Aplicada, Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM), Buenos Aires CP B1650, Argentina
| | - Juan Manuel Lázaro-Martínez
- CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Junín 956, C1113AAD Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudio Javier Pérez
- Grupo Ciencia e Ingeniería de Polímeros, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales (INTEMA-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Colón 10850, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Federico Javier Wolman
- Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Biotecnología, Junín 956, C1113AAD Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Nanobiotecnología (NANOBIOTEC), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guillermo Javier Copello
- Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Junín 956, C1113AAD Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Shcherbakova L, Odintsova T, Pasechnik T, Arslanova L, Smetanina T, Kartashov M, Slezina M, Dzhavakhiya V. Fragments of a Wheat Hevein-Like Antimicrobial Peptide Augment the Inhibitory Effect of a Triazole Fungicide on Spore Germination of Fusarium oxysporum and Alternaria solani. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:E870. [PMID: 33291849 PMCID: PMC7762046 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9120870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
There are increasing environmental risks associated with extensive use of fungicides for crop protection. Hence, the use of new approaches using natural plant defense mechanisms, including application of plant antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), is of great interest. Recently, we studied the structural-function relationships between antifungal activity and five hevein-like AMPs from the WAMP (wheat AMP) family of Triticum kiharae Dorof. et Migush. We first discovered that short peptides derived from the central, N-, and C-terminal regions of one of the WAMPs (WAMP-2) were able to augment the inhibitory effect of Folicur® EC 250, a triazole fungicide, on spore germination of the wheat pathogenic fungi, including Fusarium spp. and Alternaria alternata. In this research, we explored the ability of chemically synthesized WAMP-2-derived peptides for enhancing the sensitivity of two other Fusarium and Alternaria species, F. oxysporum and A. solani, causing wilt and early blight of tomato, respectively, to Folicur®. The synthesized WAMP-2-derived peptides synergistically interacted with the fungicide and significantly increased its efficacy, inhibiting conidial germination at much lower Folicur® concentrations than required for the same efficiency using the fungicide alone. The experiments on co-applications of some of WAMP-2-fragments and the fungicide on tomato leaves and seedlings, which confirmed the results obtained in vitro, are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa Shcherbakova
- All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, Bolshie Vyazemy, 143050 Moscow reg., Russia; (T.P.); (L.A.); (T.S.); (M.K.); (V.D.)
| | - Tatyana Odintsova
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics RAS, Gubkina Str. 3, 119333 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Tatyana Pasechnik
- All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, Bolshie Vyazemy, 143050 Moscow reg., Russia; (T.P.); (L.A.); (T.S.); (M.K.); (V.D.)
| | - Lenara Arslanova
- All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, Bolshie Vyazemy, 143050 Moscow reg., Russia; (T.P.); (L.A.); (T.S.); (M.K.); (V.D.)
| | - Tatyana Smetanina
- All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, Bolshie Vyazemy, 143050 Moscow reg., Russia; (T.P.); (L.A.); (T.S.); (M.K.); (V.D.)
| | - Maxim Kartashov
- All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, Bolshie Vyazemy, 143050 Moscow reg., Russia; (T.P.); (L.A.); (T.S.); (M.K.); (V.D.)
| | - Marina Slezina
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics RAS, Gubkina Str. 3, 119333 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Vitaly Dzhavakhiya
- All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, Bolshie Vyazemy, 143050 Moscow reg., Russia; (T.P.); (L.A.); (T.S.); (M.K.); (V.D.)
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15
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Parthiban E, Arokiyaraj C, Janarthanan S, Ramanibai R. Purification, characterization of mosquito larvicidal lectin from Annona muricata and its eco-toxic effect on non-target organism. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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16
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Odintsova T, Shcherbakova L, Slezina M, Pasechnik T, Kartabaeva B, Istomina E, Dzhavakhiya V. Hevein-Like Antimicrobial Peptides Wamps: Structure-Function Relationship in Antifungal Activity and Sensitization of Plant Pathogenic Fungi to Tebuconazole by WAMP-2-Derived Peptides. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7912. [PMID: 33114433 PMCID: PMC7662308 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Keywords: hevein-like antimicrobial peptides; antifungal activity; antifungal determinants; synergy; chemosensitization; tebuconazole; plant pathogenic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Odintsova
- Laboratory of Molecular-Genetic Bases of Plant Immunity, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics RAS, 119333 Moscow, Russia; (M.S.); (E.I.)
| | - Larisa Shcherbakova
- All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, Bolshie Vyazemy, 143050 Moscow, Russia; (T.P.); (B.K.)
| | - Marina Slezina
- Laboratory of Molecular-Genetic Bases of Plant Immunity, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics RAS, 119333 Moscow, Russia; (M.S.); (E.I.)
| | - Tatyana Pasechnik
- All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, Bolshie Vyazemy, 143050 Moscow, Russia; (T.P.); (B.K.)
| | - Bakhyt Kartabaeva
- All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, Bolshie Vyazemy, 143050 Moscow, Russia; (T.P.); (B.K.)
| | - Ekaterina Istomina
- Laboratory of Molecular-Genetic Bases of Plant Immunity, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics RAS, 119333 Moscow, Russia; (M.S.); (E.I.)
| | - Vitaly Dzhavakhiya
- Department of Molecular Biology, All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, Bolshie Vyazemy, 143050 Moscow, Russia;
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Mondal S, Swamy MJ. Purification, biochemical/biophysical characterization and chitooligosaccharide binding to BGL24, a new PP2-type phloem exudate lectin from bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria). Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:3656-3666. [PMID: 32890565 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.08.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Phloem Protein 2 (PP2), highly abundant in the sieve elements of plants, plays a significant role in wound sealing and anti-pathogenic responses. In this study, we report the purification and characterization of a new PP2-type lectin, BGL24 from the phloem exudate of bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria). BGL24 is a homodimer with a subunit mass of ~24 kDa and exhibits high specificity for chitooligosaccharides. The isoelectric point of BGL24 was estimated from zeta potential measurements as 5.95. Partial amino acid sequence obtained by mass spectrometric studies indicated that BGL24 exhibits extensive homology with other PP2-type phloem exudate lectins. CD spectroscopic measurements revealed that the lectin contains predominantly β-sheets, with low α-helical content. CD spectroscopic and DSC studies showed that BGL24 exhibits high thermal stability with an unfolding temperature of ~82 °C, and that its secondary structure is essentially unaltered between pH 3.0 and 8.0. Fluorescence titrations employing 4-methylumbelliferyl-β-D-N,N',N″-triacetylchitotrioside as an indicator ligand revealed that the association constants for BGL24-chitooligosaccharide interaction increase considerably when the ligand size is increased from chitotriose to chitotetraose, whereas only marginal increase was observed for chitopentaose and chitohexaose. BGL24 exhibited moderate cytotoxicity against MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, whereas its effect on normal splenocytes was marginal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saradamoni Mondal
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Musti J Swamy
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India.
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18
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Expression of Pinellia ternata leaf agglutinin under rolC promoter confers resistance against a phytophagous sap sucking aphid, Myzus persicae. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2020.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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19
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Jain M, Muthukumaran J, Singh AK. Comparative structural and functional analysis of STL and SLL, chitin-binding lectins from Solanum spp. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 39:4907-4922. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1781693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Jain
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
| | - Jayaraman Muthukumaran
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
| | - Amit Kumar Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
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Afroz M, Akter S, Ahmed A, Rouf R, Shilpi JA, Tiralongo E, Sarker SD, Göransson U, Uddin SJ. Ethnobotany and Antimicrobial Peptides From Plants of the Solanaceae Family: An Update and Future Prospects. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:565. [PMID: 32477108 PMCID: PMC7232569 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The Solanaceae is an important plant family that has been playing an essential role in traditional medicine and human nutrition. Members of the Solanaceae are rich in bioactive metabolites and have been used by different tribes around the world for ages. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) from plants have drawn great interest in recent years and raised new hope for developing new antimicrobial agents for meeting the challenges of antibiotic resistance. This review aims to summarize the reported AMPs from plants of the Solanaceae with possible molecular mechanisms of action as well as to correlate their traditional uses with reported antimicrobial actions of the peptides. A systematic literature study was conducted using different databases until August 2019 based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. According to literature, a variety of AMPs including defensins, protease inhibitor, lectins, thionin-like peptides, vicilin-like peptides, and snaking were isolated from plants of the Solanaceae and were involved in their defense mechanism. These peptides exhibited significant antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral activity against organisms for both plant and human host. Brugmansia, Capsicum, Datura, Nicotiana, Salpichora, Solanum, Petunia, and Withania are the most commonly studied genera for AMPs. Among these genera, Capsicum and the Solanum ranked top according to the total number of studies (35%–38% studies) for different AMPs. The mechanisms of action of the reported AMPs from Solanaceae was not any new rather similar to other reported AMPs including alteration of membrane potential and permeability, membrane pore formation, and cell aggregation. Whereas, induction of cell membrane permiabilization, inhibition of germination and alteration of hyphal growth were reported as mechanisms of antifungal activity. Plants of the Solanaceae have been used traditionally as antimicrobial, insecticidal, and antiinfectious agents, and as poisons. The reported AMPs from the Solanaceae are the products of chemical shields to protect plants from microorganisms and pests which unfold an obvious link with their traditional medicinal use. In summary, it is evident that AMPs from this family possess considerable antimicrobial activity against a wide range of bacterial and fungal pathogens and can be regarded as a potential source for lead molecules to develop new antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohasana Afroz
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Sanzida Akter
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Asif Ahmed
- Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Razina Rouf
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life Science, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science & Technology University, Gopalganj, Bangladesh
| | - Jamil A Shilpi
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Evelin Tiralongo
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
| | - Satyajit D Sarker
- Centre for Natural Products Discovery, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Ulf Göransson
- Biomedical Center, Division of Pharmacognosy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Biomedical Center, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Shaikh Jamal Uddin
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
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Islam F, Gopalan V, Lam AK, Kabir SR. Kaempferia rotunda tuberous rhizome lectin induces apoptosis and growth inhibition of colon cancer cells in vitro. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 141:775-782. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.09.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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22
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Aguilar AP, Onofre TS, Fabres-Klein MH, Klein RC, Feio RN, de Oliveira Mendes TA, de Oliveira Barros Ribon A. Carbohydrate-independent antibiofilm effect of Bothrops jararacussu lectin BJcuL on Staphylococcus aureus. Microb Pathog 2019; 137:103745. [PMID: 31520734 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The antivirulence approach to fighting biofilm-based infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus is a promising therapy that has been studied extensively. Here, we compare the antibiofilm activity of a purified lectin from Bothrops jararacussu venom (BJcuL) and commercial lectins obtained from Triticum vulgaris (Wheat Germ Agglutinin, WGA), Bandeiraea simplicifolia BS-II, and Maclura pomifera. Only WGA had antibiofilm activity, although no effect was seen on pre-formed biofilms. The pre-incubation of WGA and BJcuL with their preferential sugars inhibited the biological activity of WGA, but not that of BJcuL, suggesting that biofilm disruption does not involve carbohydrate-recognition domains (CRDs). Quantitative real-time PCR showed that BJcuL promotes modulation of expression of S. aureus genes involved in biofilm formation. Light microscopy revealed cocci and small cell clusters after biofilm formation in the presence of BJcuL, showing that the lectin treatment was unable to completely disrupt biofilm structure. Exposing the free cells to 50 times the minimum inhibitory concentration of gentamicin or ciprofloxacin did not prevent biofilm reestablishment, although inhibition was stronger than in the control (no lectin). This disruption of the biofilm architecture can expose the bacterial cell and may facilitate clearance by the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananda Pereira Aguilar
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Thiago Souza Onofre
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Raphael Contelli Klein
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Renato Neves Feio
- Museu de Zoologia João Moojen, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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