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Gabay G, Flaishman MA. Genetic and molecular regulation of chilling requirements in pear: breeding for climate change resilience. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1347527. [PMID: 38736438 PMCID: PMC11082341 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1347527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Pear (Pyrus spp.) is a deciduous fruit tree that requires exposure to sufficient chilling hours during the winter to establish dormancy, followed by favorable heat conditions during the spring for normal vegetative and floral budbreak. In contrast to most temperate woody species, apples and pears of the Rosaceae family are insensitive to photoperiod, and low temperature is the major factor that induces growth cessation and dormancy. Most European pear (Pyrus Communis L.) cultivars need to be grown in regions with high chilling unit (CU) accumulation to ensure early vegetative budbreak. Adequate vegetative budbreak time will ensure suitable metabolite accumulation, such as sugars, to support fruit set and vegetative development, providing the necessary metabolites for optimal fruit set and development. Many regions that were suitable for pear production suffer from a reduction in CU accumulation. According to climate prediction models, many temperate regions currently suitable for pear cultivation will experience a similar accumulation of CUs as observed in Mediterranean regions. Consequently, the Mediterranean region can serve as a suitable location for conducting pear breeding trials aimed at developing cultivars that will thrive in temperate regions in the decades to come. Due to recent climatic changes, bud dormancy attracts more attention, and several studies have been carried out aiming to discover the genetic and physiological factors associated with dormancy in deciduous fruit trees, including pears, along with their related biosynthetic pathways. In this review, current knowledge of the genetic mechanisms associated with bud dormancy in European pear and other Pyrus species is summarized, along with metabolites and physiological factors affecting dormancy establishment and release and chilling requirement determination. The genetic and physiological insights gained into the factors regulating pear dormancy phase transition and determining chilling requirements can accelerate the development of new pear cultivars better suited to both current and predicted future climatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilad Gabay
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede-Boker, Israel
| | - Moshe A. Flaishman
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Volcani Research Center, Rishon Lezion, Israel
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2
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Nishio S, Shirasawa K, Nishimura R, Takeuchi Y, Imai A, Mase N, Takada N. A self-compatible pear mutant derived from γ-irradiated pollen carries an 11-Mb duplication in chromosome 17. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1360185. [PMID: 38504898 PMCID: PMC10948449 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1360185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Self-compatibility is a highly desirable trait for pear breeding programs. Our breeding program previously developed a novel self-compatible pollen-part Japanese pear mutant (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai), '415-1', by using γ-irradiated pollen. '415-1' carries the S-genotype S4dS5S5, with "d" indicating a duplication of S 5 responsible for breakdown of self-incompatibility. Until now, the size and inheritance of the duplicated segment was undetermined, and a reliable detection method was lacking. Here, we examined genome duplications and their inheritance in 140 F1 seedlings resulting from a cross between '515-20' (S1S3) and '415-1'. Amplicon sequencing of S-RNase and SFBB18 clearly detected S-haplotype duplications in the seedlings. Intriguingly, 30 partially triploid seedlings including genotypes S1S4dS5, S3S4dS5, S1S5dS5, S3S5dS5, and S3S4dS4 were detected among the 140 seedlings. Depth-of-coverage analysis using ddRAD-seq showed that the duplications in those individuals were limited to chromosome 17. Further analysis through resequencing confirmed an 11-Mb chromosome duplication spanning the middle to the end of chromosome 17. The duplicated segment remained consistent in size across generations. The presence of an S3S4dS4 seedling provided evidence for recombination between the duplicated S5 segment and the original S4haplotype, suggesting that the duplicated segment can pair with other parts of chromosome 17. This research provides valuable insights for improving pear breeding programs using partially triploid individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sogo Nishio
- Deciduous Fruit Tree Breeding Group, Division of Fruit Tree Breeding Research, Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kenta Shirasawa
- Department of Frontier Research and Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Nishimura
- Fruit Tree Smart Production Group, Division of Fruit Tree Production Research, Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Higashihiroshima, Japan
| | - Yukie Takeuchi
- Deciduous Fruit Tree Breeding Group, Division of Fruit Tree Breeding Research, Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Atsushi Imai
- Deciduous Fruit Tree Breeding Group, Division of Fruit Tree Breeding Research, Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Nobuko Mase
- Citrus Breeding and Production Group, Division of Citrus Research, Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Norio Takada
- Deciduous Fruit Tree Breeding Group, Division of Fruit Tree Breeding Research, Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
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3
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De Mori G, Cipriani G. Marker-Assisted Selection in Breeding for Fruit Trait Improvement: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108984. [PMID: 37240329 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Breeding fruit species is time-consuming and expensive. With few exceptions, trees are likely the worst species to work with in terms of genetics and breeding. Most are characterized by large trees, long juvenile periods, and intensive agricultural practice, and environmental variability plays an important role in the heritability evaluations of every single important trait. Although vegetative propagation allows for the production of a significant number of clonal replicates for the evaluation of environmental effects and genotype × environment interactions, the spaces required for plant cultivation and the intensity of work necessary for phenotypic surveys slow down the work of researchers. Fruit breeders are very often interested in fruit traits: size, weight, sugar and acid content, ripening time, fruit storability, and post-harvest practices, among other traits relevant to each individual species. The translation of trait loci and whole-genome sequences into diagnostic genetic markers that are effective and affordable for use by breeders, who must choose genetically superior parents and subsequently choose genetically superior individuals among their progeny, is one of the most difficult tasks still facing tree fruit geneticists. The availability of updated sequencing techniques and powerful software tools offered the opportunity to mine tens of fruit genomes to find out sequence variants potentially useful as molecular markers. This review is devoted to analysing what has been the role of molecular markers in assisting breeders in selection processes, with an emphasis on the fruit traits of the most important fruit crops for which examples of trustworthy molecular markers have been developed, such as the MDo.chr9.4 marker for red skin colour in apples, the CCD4-based marker CPRFC1, and LG3_13.146 marker for flesh colour in peaches, papayas, and cherries, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria De Mori
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 206, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Guido Cipriani
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 206, 33100 Udine, Italy
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Serra O, de Sousa RM, Guimarães JB, Matos J, Vicente P, de Sousa ML, Simões F. Genome-wide clonal variability in European pear "Rocha" using high-throughput sequencing. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhac111. [PMID: 38486834 PMCID: PMC10939347 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Pears (Pyrus) are one of the most economically important fruits worldwide. The Pyrus genus is characterized by a high degree of genetic variability between species and interspecific hybrids, and several studies have been performed to assess this variability for both cultivated and wild accessions. These studies have mostly been limited by the resolving power of traditional molecular markers, although in the recent past the availability of reference genome sequences or SNP arrays for pear have enhanced the capability of high-resolution genomics studies. These tools can also be applied to better understand the intra-varietal (or clonal) variability in pear. Here we report the first high resolution genomics analysis of a pear clonal population using whole genome sequencing (WGS). Results showed unique signatures for the accumulation of mutations and transposable element insertions in each clone, which are likely related to their history of propagation and cultivation. The nucleotide diversity remained low in the clonal collection with the exception of few genomic windows, suggesting that balancing selection may be occurring. These windows included mainly genes related to plant fertility. Regions with higher mutational load were partially associated with transcription factors, probably reflecting the distinctive phenotypes in the collection. The annotation of variants also revealed the theoretical disruption of relevant genes in pear. Taken together, the results from this study show that pear clones accumulate mutations differently, and that those mutations can play a role on pear phenotypes, meaning that the study of pear clonal populations can be relevant in genetic studies, mainly when comparing with traditional association studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Octávio Serra
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, I.P., Banco Português de Germoplasma Vegetal (BPGV), Quinta de S. José, S. Pedro de Merelim 4700-859 Braga, Portugal
| | - Rui Maia de Sousa
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, I.P., Estação Nacional de Fruticultura Vieira Natividade (ENFVN), Estrada de Leiria 2460-059 Alcobaça, Portugal
| | - Joana Bagoin Guimarães
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, I.P., Quinta do Marquês, 2780-159 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - José Matos
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, I.P., Quinta do Marquês, 2780-159 Oeiras, Portugal
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Patricia Vicente
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, I.P., Estação Nacional de Fruticultura Vieira Natividade (ENFVN), Estrada de Leiria 2460-059 Alcobaça, Portugal
| | - Miguel Leão de Sousa
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, I.P., Estação Nacional de Fruticultura Vieira Natividade (ENFVN), Estrada de Leiria 2460-059 Alcobaça, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Simões
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, I.P., Quinta do Marquês, 2780-159 Oeiras, Portugal
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Cui Y, Fan B, Xu X, Sheng S, Xu Y, Wang X. A High-Density Genetic Map Enables Genome Synteny and QTL Mapping of Vegetative Growth and Leaf Traits in Gardenia. Front Genet 2022; 12:802738. [PMID: 35132310 PMCID: PMC8817757 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.802738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The gardenia is a traditional medicinal horticultural plant in China, but its molecular genetic research has been largely hysteretic. Here, we constructed an F1 population with 200 true hybrid individuals. Using the genotyping-by-sequencing method, a high-density sex-average genetic map was generated that contained 4,249 SNPs with a total length of 1956.28 cM and an average genetic distance of 0.46 cM. We developed 17 SNP-based Kompetitive Allele-Specific PCR markers and found that 15 SNPs were successfully genotyped, of which 13 single-nucleotide polymorphism genotypings of 96 F1 individuals showed genotypes consistent with GBS-mined genotypes. A genomic collinearity analysis between gardenia and the Rubiaceae species Coffea arabica, Coffea canephora and Ophiorrhiza pumila showed the relativity strong conservation of LG11 with NC_039,919.1, HG974438.1 and Bliw01000011.1, respectively. Lastly, a quantitative trait loci analysis at three phenotyping time points (2019, 2020, and 2021) yielded 18 QTLs for growth-related traits and 31 QTLs for leaf-related traits, of which qBSBN7-1, qCD8 and qLNP2-1 could be repeatably detected. Five QTL regions (qCD8 and qSBD8, qBSBN7 and qSI7, qCD4-1 and qLLLS4, qLNP10 and qSLWS10-2, qSBD10 and qLLLS10) with potential pleiotropic effects were also observed. This study provides novel insight into molecular genetic research and could be helpful for further gene cloning and marker-assisted selection for early growth and development traits in the gardenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Cui
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources and Ethnic Minority Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Baolian Fan
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources and Ethnic Minority Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Xu Xu
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources and Ethnic Minority Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Shasha Sheng
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources and Ethnic Minority Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Yuhui Xu
- Adsen Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Urumchi, China
| | - Xiaoyun Wang
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources and Ethnic Minority Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
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Li J, Zhang M, Li X, Khan A, Kumar S, Allan AC, Lin-Wang K, Espley RV, Wang C, Wang R, Xue C, Yao G, Qin M, Sun M, Tegtmeier R, Liu H, Wei W, Ming M, Zhang S, Zhao K, Song B, Ni J, An J, Korban SS, Wu J. Pear genetics: Recent advances, new prospects, and a roadmap for the future. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhab040. [PMID: 35031796 PMCID: PMC8778596 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhab040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pear, belonging to the genus Pyrus, is one of the most economically important temperate fruit crops. Pyrus is an important genus of the Rosaceae family, subfamily Maloideae, and has at least 22 different species with over 5000 accessions maintained or identified worldwide. With the release of draft whole-genome sequences for Pyrus, opportunities for pursuing studies on the evolution, domestication, and molecular breeding of pear, as well as for conducting comparative genomics analyses within the Rosaceae family, have been greatly expanded. In this review, we highlight key advances in pear genetics, genomics, and breeding driven by the availability of whole-genome sequences, including whole-genome resequencing efforts, pear domestication, and evolution. We cover updates on new resources for undertaking gene identification and molecular breeding, as well as for pursuing functional validation of genes associated with desirable economic traits. We also explore future directions for "pear-omics".
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming Li
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Mingyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Xiaolong Li
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Awais Khan
- Plant Pathology & Plant-Microbe Biology Section, Cornell University, Geneva, NY 14456, USA
| | - Satish Kumar
- Hawke’s Bay Research Centre, The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Havelock North 4157, New Zealand
| | - Andrew Charles Allan
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Kui Lin-Wang
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Richard Victor Espley
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Caihong Wang
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Runze Wang
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Cheng Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Gaifang Yao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 230009 Hefei, China
| | - Mengfan Qin
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Manyi Sun
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Richard Tegtmeier
- Plant Pathology & Plant-Microbe Biology Section, Cornell University, Geneva, NY 14456, USA
| | - Hainan Liu
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Weilin Wei
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Meiling Ming
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shaoling Zhang
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Kejiao Zhao
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Bobo Song
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jiangping Ni
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jianping An
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Schuyler S Korban
- Department of Natural Resources & Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Jun Wu
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Brukental H, Doron-Faigenboim A, Bar-Ya’akov I, Harel-Beja R, Attia Z, Azoulay-Shemer T, Holland D. Revealing the Genetic Components Responsible for the Unique Photosynthetic Stem Capability of the Wild Almond Prunus arabica (Olivier) Meikle. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:779970. [PMID: 34899807 PMCID: PMC8657148 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.779970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Almond [Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D. A. Webb] is a major deciduous fruit tree crop worldwide. During dormancy, under warmer temperatures and inadequate chilling hours, the plant metabolic activity increases and may lead to carbohydrate deficiency. Prunus arabica (Olivier) Meikle is a bushy wild almond species known for its green, unbarked stem, which stays green even during the dormancy period. Our study revealed that P. arabica green stems assimilate significantly high rates of CO2 during the winter as compared to P. dulcis cv. Um el Fahem (U.E.F.) and may improve carbohydrate status throughout dormancy. To uncover the genetic inheritance and mechanism behind the P. arabica stem photosynthetic capability (SPC), a segregated F1 population was generated by crossing P. arabica to U.E.F. Both parent's whole genome was sequenced, and SNP calling identified 4,887 informative SNPs for genotyping. A robust genetic map for U.E.F. and P. arabica was constructed (971 and 571 markers, respectively). QTL mapping and association study for the SPC phenotype revealed major QTL [log of odd (LOD) = 20.8] on chromosome 7 and another minor but significant QTL on chromosome 1 (LOD = 3.9). As expected, the P. arabica allele in the current loci significantly increased the SPC phenotype. Finally, a list of 64 candidate genes was generated. This work sets the stage for future research to investigate the mechanism regulating the SPC trait, how it affects the tree's physiology, and its importance for breeding new cultivars better adapted to high winter temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hillel Brukental
- Unit of Fruit Tree Sciences, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Newe Ya’ar Research Center, Ramat Yishay, Israel
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Adi Doron-Faigenboim
- Department of Vegetable and Field Crops, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon Lezion, Israel
| | - Irit Bar-Ya’akov
- Unit of Fruit Tree Sciences, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Newe Ya’ar Research Center, Ramat Yishay, Israel
| | - Rotem Harel-Beja
- Unit of Fruit Tree Sciences, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Newe Ya’ar Research Center, Ramat Yishay, Israel
| | - Ziv Attia
- Unit of Fruit Tree Sciences, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Newe Ya’ar Research Center, Ramat Yishay, Israel
| | - Tamar Azoulay-Shemer
- Unit of Fruit Tree Sciences, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Newe Ya’ar Research Center, Ramat Yishay, Israel
| | - Doron Holland
- Unit of Fruit Tree Sciences, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Newe Ya’ar Research Center, Ramat Yishay, Israel
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8
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Yang Q, Gao Y, Wu X, Moriguchi T, Bai S, Teng Y. Bud endodormancy in deciduous fruit trees: advances and prospects. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2021; 8:139. [PMID: 34078882 PMCID: PMC8172858 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-021-00575-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Bud endodormancy is a complex physiological process that is indispensable for the survival, growth, and development of deciduous perennial plants. The timely release of endodormancy is essential for flowering and fruit production of deciduous fruit trees. A better understanding of the mechanism of endodormancy will be of great help in the artificial regulation of endodormancy to cope with climate change and in creating new cultivars with different chilling requirements. Studies in poplar have clarified the mechanism of vegetative bud endodormancy, but the endodormancy of floral buds in fruit trees needs further study. In this review, we focus on the molecular regulation of endodormancy induction, maintenance and release in floral buds of deciduous fruit trees. We also describe recent advances in quantitative trait loci analysis of chilling requirements in fruit trees. We discuss phytohormones, epigenetic regulation, and the detailed molecular network controlling endodormancy, centered on SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE (SVP) and Dormancy-associated MADS-box (DAM) genes during endodormancy maintenance and release. Combining previous studies and our observations, we propose a regulatory model for bud endodormancy and offer some perspectives for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinsong Yang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yuhao Gao
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Xinyue Wu
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Takaya Moriguchi
- Shizuoka Professional University of Agriculture, Iwata, Shizuoka, 438-0803, Japan
| | - Songling Bai
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
| | - Yuanwen Teng
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, Hainan, 572000, China
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9
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Assessment of Chilling Requirement and Threshold Temperature of a Low Chill Pear (Pyrus communis L.) Germplasm in the Mediterranean Area. HORTICULTURAE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae7030045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In temperate climates, bud break and shoot and flower emission of deciduous fruit tree species are regulated by precise chilling and heating requirements. To investigate this aspect, sixty-one accessions of European pear (Pyrus communis L.) collected in Sicily were phenotyped for three consecutive years for harvest date, bud sprouting and blooming to determine both the chilling requirements and the threshold temperature using the Chill Days model. The whole germplasm collection was grown in two different experimental fields located at 10 and 850 m above sea level representing two Mediterranean-type climates in which pear is commonly cultivated. Results revealed a mean threshold temperature of 6.70 and 8.10 °C for the two experimental fields, respectively, with a mean chilling requirement ranging from −103 and −120 days. Through this approach, novel insights were gained on the differences in chilling requirement for early flowering cultivars to overcome dormancy. Furthermore, to better dissect differences in chilling requirement between accessions, the sprouting bud rate of six cultivars was assessed on excised twigs stored at 4 ± 0.1 °C from 300 to 900 h followed by a period at 25 ± 0.1 °C varying from seven to twenty-eight days. Results of both experiments highlighted that Sicilian pear germplasm is characterized by a low chilling requirement compared to other pear germplasm, making Sicilian local accessions valuable candidates to be used for selecting novel cultivars, coupling their low chilling requirements with other traits of agronomical interest.
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10
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Valentini N, Portis E, Botta R, Acquadro A, Pavese V, Cavalet Giorsa E, Torello Marinoni D. Mapping the Genetic Regions Responsible for Key Phenology-Related Traits in the European Hazelnut. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:749394. [PMID: 35003153 PMCID: PMC8733624 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.749394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
An increasing interest in the cultivation of (European) hazelnut (Corylus avellana) is driving a demand to breed cultivars adapted to non-conventional environments, particularly in the context of incipient climate change. Given that plant phenology is so strongly determined by genotype, a rational approach to support these breeding efforts will be to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and the genes underlying the basis for adaptation. The present study was designed to map QTLs for phenology-related traits, such as the timing of both male and female flowering, dichogamy, and the period required for nuts to reach maturity. The analysis took advantage of an existing linkage map developed from a population of F1 progeny bred from the cross "Tonda Gentile delle Langhe" × "Merveille de Bollwiller," consisting in 11 LG. A total of 42 QTL-harboring regions were identified. Overall, 71 QTLs were detected, 49 on the TGdL map and 22 on the MB map; among these, 21 were classified as major; 13 were detected in at least two of the seasons (stable-major QTL). In detail, 20 QTLs were identified as contributing to the time of male flowering, 15 to time of female flowering, 25 to dichogamy, and 11 to time of nut maturity. LG02 was found to harbor 16 QTLs, while 15 QTLs mapped to LG10 and 14 to LG03. Many of the QTLs were clustered with one another. The major cluster was located on TGdL_02 and consisted of mainly major QTLs governing all the analyzed traits. A search of the key genomic regions revealed 22 candidate genes underlying the set of traits being investigated. Many of them have been described in the literature as involved in processes related to flowering, control of dormancy, budburst, the switch from vegetative to reproductive growth, or the morphogenesis of flowers and seeds.
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11
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Favre F, Jourda C, Besse P, Charron C. Genotyping-by-Sequencing Technology in Plant Taxonomy and Phylogeny. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2222:167-178. [PMID: 33301094 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0997-2_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) is a method to discover and genotype simultaneous genome-wide high-throughput single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). GBS is based on reducing genome complexity with restriction enzymes. Here we describe a method developed by Elshire et al. for constructing simplified GBS libraries and recent bioinformatic approaches developed to analyze the large volume of polymorphism data generated by this method. GBS approach is suitable for population studies, taxonomic and phylogenic studies, germplasm characterization, and breeding and trait mapping for a wide range of organisms, including plants with complex genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félicien Favre
- Université de La Réunion, UMR PVBMT, St Pierre, La Réunion, France
| | | | - Pascale Besse
- UMR PVBMT, Universite de la Reunion, St Pierre, Réunion, France
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12
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Yang Q, Yang B, Li J, Wang Y, Tao R, Yang F, Wu X, Yan X, Ahmad M, Shen J, Bai S, Teng Y. ABA-responsive ABRE-BINDING FACTOR3 activates DAM3 expression to promote bud dormancy in Asian pear. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2020; 43:1360-1375. [PMID: 32092154 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Bud dormancy is indispensable for the survival of perennial plants in cold winters. Abscisic acid (ABA) has essential functions influencing the endo-dormancy status. Dormancy-associated MADS-box/SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE-like genes function downstream of the ABA signalling pathway to regulate bud dormancy. However, the regulation of DAM/SVP expression remains largely uncharacterized. In this study, we confirmed that endo-dormancy maintenance and PpyDAM3 expression are controlled by the ABA content in pear (Pyrus pyrifolia) buds. The expression of pear ABRE-BINDING FACTOR3 (PpyABF3) was positively correlated with PpyDAM3 expression. Furthermore, PpyABF3 directly bound to the second ABRE in the PpyDAM3 promoter to activate its expression. Interestingly, both PpyABF3 and PpyDAM3 repressed the cell division and growth of transgenic pear calli. Another ABA-induced ABF protein, PpyABF2, physically interacted with PpyABF3 and disrupted the activation of the PpyDAM3 promoter by PpyABF3, indicating DAM expression was precisely controlled. Additionally, our results suggested that the differences in the PpyDAM3 promoter in two pear cultivars might be responsible for the diversity in the chilling requirements. In summary, our data clarify the finely tuned regulatory mechanism underlying the effect of ABA on DAM gene expression and provide new insights into ABA-related bud dormancy regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinsong Yang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology and Utilization of Horticultural Plants, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, the Ministry of Agriculture of China, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bo Yang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology and Utilization of Horticultural Plants, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, the Ministry of Agriculture of China, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianzhao Li
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology and Utilization of Horticultural Plants, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, the Ministry of Agriculture of China, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology and Utilization of Horticultural Plants, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, the Ministry of Agriculture of China, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ruiyan Tao
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology and Utilization of Horticultural Plants, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, the Ministry of Agriculture of China, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feng Yang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology and Utilization of Horticultural Plants, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, the Ministry of Agriculture of China, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinyue Wu
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology and Utilization of Horticultural Plants, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, the Ministry of Agriculture of China, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinhui Yan
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology and Utilization of Horticultural Plants, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, the Ministry of Agriculture of China, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mudassar Ahmad
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology and Utilization of Horticultural Plants, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, the Ministry of Agriculture of China, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiaqi Shen
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology and Utilization of Horticultural Plants, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, the Ministry of Agriculture of China, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Songling Bai
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology and Utilization of Horticultural Plants, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, the Ministry of Agriculture of China, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuanwen Teng
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology and Utilization of Horticultural Plants, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, the Ministry of Agriculture of China, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Tello J, Roux C, Chouiki H, Laucou V, Sarah G, Weber A, Santoni S, Flutre T, Pons T, This P, Péros JP, Doligez A. A novel high-density grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) integrated linkage map using GBS in a half-diallel population. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2019; 132:2237-2252. [PMID: 31049634 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-019-03351-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A half-diallel population involving five elite grapevine cultivars was generated and genotyped by GBS, and highly-informative segregation data was used to construct a high-density genetic map for Vitis vinifera L. Grapevine is one of the most relevant fruit crops in the world. Deeper genetic knowledge could assist modern grapevine breeding programs to develop new wine grape varieties able to face climate change effects. To assist in the rapid identification of markers for crop yield components, grape quality traits and adaptation potential, we generated a large Vitis vinifera L. population (N = 624) by crossing five red wine cultivars in a half-diallel scheme, which was subsequently sequenced by an efficient GBS procedure. A high number of fully informative genetic variants was detected using a novel mapping approach capable of reconstructing local haplotypes from adjacent biallelic SNPs, which were subsequently used to construct the densest consensus genetic map available for the cultivated grapevine to date. This 1378.3-cM map integrates 10 bi-parental consensus maps and orders 4437 markers in 3353 unique positions on 19 chromosomes. Markers are well distributed all along the grapevine reference genome, covering up to 98.8% of its genomic sequence. Additionally, a good agreement was observed between genetic and physical orders, adding confidence in the quality of this map. Collectively, our results pave the way for future genetic studies (such as fine QTL mapping) aimed to understand the complex relationship between genotypic and phenotypic variation in the cultivated grapevine. In addition, the method used (which efficiently delivers a high number of fully informative markers) could be of interest to other outbred organisms, notably perennial fruit crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Tello
- UMR AGAP, University of Montpellier-CIRAD-INRA-Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
- UMT Geno-Vigne®, IFV-INRA-Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Catherine Roux
- UMR AGAP, University of Montpellier-CIRAD-INRA-Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
- UMT Geno-Vigne®, IFV-INRA-Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Hajar Chouiki
- UMR AGAP, University of Montpellier-CIRAD-INRA-Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Valérie Laucou
- UMR AGAP, University of Montpellier-CIRAD-INRA-Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
- UMT Geno-Vigne®, IFV-INRA-Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Gautier Sarah
- UMR AGAP, University of Montpellier-CIRAD-INRA-Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
- UMT Geno-Vigne®, IFV-INRA-Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Audrey Weber
- UMR AGAP, University of Montpellier-CIRAD-INRA-Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Sylvain Santoni
- UMR AGAP, University of Montpellier-CIRAD-INRA-Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Timothée Flutre
- UMR AGAP, University of Montpellier-CIRAD-INRA-Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
- UMT Geno-Vigne®, IFV-INRA-Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Thierry Pons
- UMR AGAP, University of Montpellier-CIRAD-INRA-Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
- UMT Geno-Vigne®, IFV-INRA-Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Patrice This
- UMR AGAP, University of Montpellier-CIRAD-INRA-Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
- UMT Geno-Vigne®, IFV-INRA-Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Péros
- UMR AGAP, University of Montpellier-CIRAD-INRA-Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
- UMT Geno-Vigne®, IFV-INRA-Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Agnès Doligez
- UMR AGAP, University of Montpellier-CIRAD-INRA-Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France.
- UMT Geno-Vigne®, IFV-INRA-Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France.
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Gabay G, Faigenboim A, Dahan Y, Izhaki Y, Itkin M, Malitsky S, Elkind Y, Flaishman MA. Transcriptome analysis and metabolic profiling reveal the key role of α-linolenic acid in dormancy regulation of European pear. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:1017-1031. [PMID: 30590791 PMCID: PMC6363095 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Deciduous trees require sufficient chilling during winter dormancy to grow. To decipher the dormancy-regulating mechanism, we carried out RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis and metabolic profiling of European pear (Pyrus communis L.) vegetative buds during the dormancy phases. Samples were collected from two cultivars that differed greatly in their chilling requirements: 'Spadona' (SPD), a low chilling requirement cultivar; and Harrow Sweet (HS), a high chilling requirement cultivar. Comparative transcriptome analysis revealed >8500 differentially expressed transcripts; most were related to metabolic pathways. Out of 174 metabolites, 44 displayed differential levels in both cultivars, 38 were significantly changed only in SPD, and 15 only in HS. Phospholipids were mostly accumulated at the beginning of dormancy, sugars between before dormancy and mid-dormancy, and fatty acids, including α-linolenic acid, at dormancy break. Differentially expressed genes underlying previously identified major quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in linkage group 8 included genes related to the α-linolenic acid pathway, 12-oxophytodienoate reductase 2-like, and the DORMANCY-ASSOCIATED MADS-BOX (DAM) genes, PcDAM1 and PcDAM2, putative orthologs of PpDAM1 and PpDAM2, confirming their role for the first time in European pear. Additional new putative dormancy-related uncharacterized genes and genes related to metabolic pathways are suggested. These results suggest the crucial role of α-linolenic acid and DAM genes in pear bud dormancy phase transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilad Gabay
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Volcani Research Center, Derech Hamacabim, Rishon Lezion, Israel
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Adi Faigenboim
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Volcani Research Center, Derech Hamacabim, Rishon Lezion, Israel
| | - Yardena Dahan
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Volcani Research Center, Derech Hamacabim, Rishon Lezion, Israel
| | - Yacov Izhaki
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Volcani Research Center, Derech Hamacabim, Rishon Lezion, Israel
| | - Maxim Itkin
- Life Science Core Facilities, Weitzman Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sergey Malitsky
- Life Science Core Facilities, Weitzman Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yonatan Elkind
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Moshe A Flaishman
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Volcani Research Center, Derech Hamacabim, Rishon Lezion, Israel
- Correspondence:
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Zhu QG, Xu Y, Yang Y, Guan CF, Zhang QY, Huang JW, Grierson D, Chen KS, Gong BC, Yin XR. The persimmon ( Diospyros oleifera Cheng) genome provides new insights into the inheritance of astringency and ancestral evolution. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2019; 6:138. [PMID: 31871686 PMCID: PMC6917749 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-019-0227-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Persimmon (Diospyros kaki) is an oriental perennial woody fruit tree whose popular fruit is produced and consumed worldwide. The persimmon fruit is unique because of the hyperaccumulation of proanthocyanidins during fruit development, causing the mature fruit of most cultivars to have an astringent taste. In this study, we obtained a chromosome-scale genome assembly for 'Youshi' (Diospyros oleifera, 2n = 2x = 30), the diploid species of persimmon, by integrating Illumina sequencing, single-molecule real-time sequencing, and high-throughput chromosome conformation capture techniques. The assembled D. oleifera genome consisted of 849.53 Mb, 94.14% (799.71 Mb) of which was assigned to 15 pseudochromosomes, and is the first assembled genome for any member of the Ebenaceae. Comparative genomic analysis revealed that the D. oleifera genome underwent an ancient γ whole-genome duplication event. We studied the potential genetic basis for astringency development (proanthocyanidin biosynthesis) and removal (proanthocyanidin insolublization). Proanthocyanidin biosynthesis genes were mainly distributed on chromosome 1, and the clustering of these genes is responsible for the genetic stability of astringency heredity. Genome-based RNA-seq identified deastringency genes, and promoter analysis showed that most of their promoters contained large numbers of low oxygen-responsive motifs, which is consistent with the efficient industrial application of high CO2 treatment to remove astringency. Using the D. oleifera genome as the reference, SLAF-seq indicated that 'Youshi' is one of the ancestors of the cultivated persimmon (2n = 6x = 90). Our study provides significant insights into the genetic basis of persimmon evolution and the development and removal astringency, and it will facilitate the improvement of the breeding of persimmon fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-gang Zhu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058 PR China
- State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058 PR China
| | - Yang Xu
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, 311400 PR China
| | - Yong Yang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, PR China
| | - Chang-fei Guan
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, PR China
| | - Qiu-yun Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058 PR China
- State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058 PR China
| | - Jing-wen Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058 PR China
- State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058 PR China
| | - Don Grierson
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058 PR China
- Plant & Crop Sciences Division, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, UK
| | - Kun-song Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058 PR China
- State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058 PR China
| | - Bang-chu Gong
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, 311400 PR China
| | - Xue-ren Yin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058 PR China
- State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058 PR China
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