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Huang Y, Yan Y, Ma Y, Zhang X, Zhao Q, Men M, Huang Y, Peng Z. The effect of low-temperature straw-degrading microbes on winter wheat growth and soil improvement under straw return. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1391632. [PMID: 39056007 PMCID: PMC11269160 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1391632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The application of straw-degrading microbes (SDMs) with straw returned to the field is an effective measure to improve soil quality, increase yield, and maintain soil microorganisms. However, the utilization of SDMs in winter in north China is limited by the poor effects at low temperatures. This study investigated the effects of a new compound SDM, including a novel low-temperature fungus Pseudogymnoascus sp. SDF-LT, on winter wheat yield, soil improvement, and soil microbial diversity. A 2-year field experiment was conducted in two different soil textures of wheat-maize rotation fields with full corn straw return and application of SDMs at an amount of 67.5 kg hm-2. After 2 years of continuous application of SDMs, the winter wheat yield increased significantly, reaching 9419.40 kg hm-2 in Ningjin (NJSDM) and 9107.25 kg hm-2 in Mancheng (MCSDM). The soil properties have been significantly improved compared with the single straw return group, especially the sandy loam soil, whose quality is relatively low. The analysis of soil microbial diversity showed that SDMs significantly reduced the Chao1, Shannon, Simpson, and observed species of the sandy loam soil in the MCSDM group. The Simpson and Shannon indexes of fungi diversity in the two experimental sites were significantly increased by SDMs. The negative correlation of fungi increased from 47.1 to 48.85% in the SDM groups. The soil-dominant microbes changed in the SDM groups, in which the interactions between microbes were enhanced. These results suggested that the SDMs changed the the soil microbial community structure and its diversity and complexity, which is beneficial for crop growth. Our study provided sufficient evidence for the utilization of low-temperature SDMs with straw return in cold winter, which plays a role in soil improvement, especially for low-quality soils, to increase crop yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Farmland Eco-Environment of Hebei/ College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- State Key Laboratory of North China for Crop Improvement and Regulation/North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Biology Institute, Hebei Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of North China for Crop Improvement and Regulation/North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resources of Hebei Province/ College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Yang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Farmland Eco-Environment of Hebei/ College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- State Key Laboratory of North China for Crop Improvement and Regulation/North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Biology Institute, Hebei Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Biology Institute, Hebei Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Mingxin Men
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yali Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhengping Peng
- Key Laboratory of Farmland Eco-Environment of Hebei/ College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- State Key Laboratory of North China for Crop Improvement and Regulation/North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
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Hu X, Shi H, Zhang Z, Bai C. Antifungal effects of volatile organic compounds produced by Trichoderma hamatum against Neocosmospora solani. Lett Appl Microbiol 2024; 77:ovae063. [PMID: 38942473 DOI: 10.1093/lambio/ovae063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Neocosmospora solani causes Fusarium wilt disease and root rot, which are serious problems worldwide. To determine the growth inhibition of Neocosmospora solani by Trichoderma hamatum volatile organic compounds (VOCs), the major chemical components of Trichoderma hamatum VOCs and the differences in their contents at different times were analysed, and the activity of these components was evaluated. The antifungal activity of Trichoderma hamatum was measured by a screening test, as Trichoderma hamatum exhibited strong antagonism against Neocosmospora solani in vitro. The double plate technique was used to verify the activity of Trichoderma hamatum VOCs, and the inhibition rate was 63.77%. Neocosmospora solani mycelia were uneven and expanded, the contents of the cells leaked, and the mycelia shrank and presented a diaphragm in the hyphae upon Trichoderma hamatum VOCs treatment. Trichoderma hamatum VOCs and their contents at different times were analysed by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. 6-Pentyl-2H-pyran-2-one clearly presented in greater amounts than the other components on day 3, 4, 5, and 6. VOCs from Trichoderma hamatum exhibited evident effects on the percentage of healthy fruit after day 3. Moreover, Trichoderma hamatum can improve the biological control of diseases caused by soilborne pathogens, and can be applied in biocontrol fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Hu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Quality Control of Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables, College of Life Science and Technology, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan 432000, P.R. China
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P.R. China
| | - Hongan Shi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Quality Control of Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables, College of Life Science and Technology, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan 432000, P.R. China
| | - Zhilin Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Quality Control of Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables, College of Life Science and Technology, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan 432000, P.R. China
| | - Cuihua Bai
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P.R. China
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Lin Y, Chen H, Dong S, Chen Y, Jiang X, Chen Y. Acidic Electrolyzed Water Maintains the Storage Quality of Postharvest Wampee Fruit by Activating the Disease Resistance. Foods 2024; 13:1556. [PMID: 38790856 PMCID: PMC11120534 DOI: 10.3390/foods13101556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Harvested wampee fruit is susceptible to disease, resulting in postharvest losses. Acidic electrolyzed water (AEW), a safe and innovative sterilization technology, plays a role in enhancing disease resistance in harvested produce. In this study, the efficacy of AEW in delaying wampee disease development was assessed, along with its association with disease resistance metabolism. Wampee fruit was treated with AEW (pH 2.5) at different available chlorine concentrations (ACCs) (20, 40, 60, and 80 mg/L) and subsequently stored at 25 °C for 8 days. Results revealed that 40 mg/L ACC in AEW (pH 2.5) was most effective in improving the postharvest quality of wampee fruit. Compared with control wampee fruit, those treated with 40 mg/L ACC in AEW exhibited lower incidence of fruit disease, higher pericarp lignin content, and higher activities of pericarp disease resistance enzymes (DREs), such as cinnamate-4-hydroxylase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, chitinase, β-1,3-glucanase, polyphenol oxidase, 4-coumarate CoA ligase, and cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase. These results suggested that AEW elevated DRE activities, promoted lignin accumulation, and ultimately enhanced disease resistance, suppressed disease development, and improved storage quality in harvested wampee fruit. Consequently, AEW emerged as a safe technology to mitigate the disease development and enhance the storage quality of harvested wampee fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhao Lin
- College of Oceanology and Food Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou 362000, China; (Y.L.); (S.D.); (Y.C.); (X.J.)
| | - Hongbin Chen
- College of Oceanology and Food Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou 362000, China; (Y.L.); (S.D.); (Y.C.); (X.J.)
| | - Sisi Dong
- College of Oceanology and Food Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou 362000, China; (Y.L.); (S.D.); (Y.C.); (X.J.)
| | - Yazhen Chen
- College of Oceanology and Food Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou 362000, China; (Y.L.); (S.D.); (Y.C.); (X.J.)
| | - Xuanjing Jiang
- College of Oceanology and Food Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou 362000, China; (Y.L.); (S.D.); (Y.C.); (X.J.)
| | - Yihui Chen
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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Li J, Liu J, Zhu K, Liu S. Transcriptome Analysis of Maize Ear Leaves Treated with Long-Term Straw Return plus Nitrogen Fertilizer under the Wheat-Maize Rotation System. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3868. [PMID: 38005765 PMCID: PMC10674774 DOI: 10.3390/plants12223868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Straw return (SR) plus nitrogen (N) fertilizer has become a practical field management mode to improve soil fertility and crop yield in North China. This study aims to explore the relationship among organic waste, mineral nutrient utilization, and crop yield under SRN mode. The fertilizer treatments included unfertilized (CK), SR (straws from wheat and corn), N fertilizer (N), and SR plus N fertilizer (SRN). SRN treatment not only significantly increased the grain yield, net photosynthetic rate, and transpiration rate but also enhanced the contents of chlorophyll, soluble sugar, and soluble protein and increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes but reduced intercellular CO2 concentration and malondialdehyde (MDA) content when compared to other treatments. There were 2572, 1258, and 3395 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified from the paired comparisons of SRvsCK, NvsCK, and SRNvsCK, respectively. The transcript levels of many promising genes involved in the transport and assimilation of potassium, phosphate, and nitrogen, as well as the metabolisms of sugar, lipid, and protein, were down-regulated by straw returning under N treatment. SRN treatment maintained the maximum maize grain yield by regulating a series of genes' expressions to reduce nutrient shortage stress and to enhance the photosynthesis of ear leaves at the maize grain filling stage. This study would deepen the understanding of complex molecular mechanisms among organic waste, mineral nutrient utilization, crop yield, and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China;
| | - Jintao Liu
- School of Engineering, Universidad de Almería, ES04120 Almería, Spain;
| | - Kaili Zhu
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China;
| | - Shutang Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
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Genome-wide analysis of the CAD gene family reveals two bona fide CAD genes in oil palm. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:149. [PMID: 35747504 PMCID: PMC9209623 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03208-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) is the key enzyme for lignin biosynthesis in plants. In this study, genome-wide analysis was performed to identify CAD genes in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis). Phylogenetic analysis was then conducted to select the bona fide EgCADs. The bona fide EgCAD genes and their respective 5' flanking regions were cloned and analysed. Their expression profiles were evaluated in various organs using RT-PCR. Seven EgCAD genes (EgCAD1-7) were identified and divided into four phylogenetic groups. EgCAD1 and EgCAD2 display high sequence similarities with other bona fide CADs and possess all the signature motifs of the bona fide CAD. They also display similar 3D protein structures. Gene expression analysis showed that EgCAD1 was expressed most abundantly in the root tissues, while EgCAD2 was expressed constitutively in all the tissues studied. EgCAD1 possesses only one transcription start site, while EgCAD2 has five. Interestingly, a TC microsatellite was found in the 5' flanking region of EgCAD2. The 5' flanking regions of EgCAD1 and EgCAD2 contain lignin-associated regulatory elements i.e. AC-elements, and other defence-related motifs, including W-box, GT-1 motif and CGTCA-motif. Altogether, these results imply that EgCAD1 and EgCAD2 are bona fide CAD involved in lignin biosynthesis during the normal development of oil palm and in response to stresses. Our findings shed some light on the roles of the bona fide CAD genes in oil palm and pave the way for manipulating lignin content in oil palm through a genetic approach. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-022-03208-0.
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Zhang Y, Li W, Lu P, Xu T, Pan K. Three Preceding Crops Increased the Yield of and Inhibited Clubroot Disease in Continuously Monocropped Chinese Cabbage by Regulating the Soil Properties and Rhizosphere Microbial Community. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10040799. [PMID: 35456849 PMCID: PMC9028536 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10040799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Crop rotation can improve soil properties and is one of the important measures to prevent soil-borne diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different preceding crops on clubroot disease in Chinese cabbage and soil microorganisms, to provide a theoretical basis for the ecological control of clubroot scientifically. In this experiment, soybeans, potato onions, and wheat were used as the preceding crops and compared with the local preceding crop garlic. The growth of the Chinese cabbage, disease occurrence, soil chemical properties and changes in microbial community structure were determined by using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), soil microbial high-throughput sequencing and other methods. The results showed that the rotation of potato onion and wheat with Chinese cabbage could reduce the clubroot disease index of Chinese cabbage remarkably. Through Illumina Miseq sequencing, when three previous crops were harvested, the abundance and diversity of the bacteria increased obviously, while the fungi decreased. The relative abundance of the phylum Proteobacteria and Firmicutes was strikingly reduced, while that of Chloroflexi was significantly increased. These results show that three previous crops changed the structure of soil microorganisms, reduced the clubroot disease of Chinese cabbage, promoted growth, and suppressed disease. The ranked effect on promoting growth and inhibiting diseases was potato onion > wheat > soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.Z.); (W.L.); (P.L.); (T.X.)
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.Z.); (W.L.); (P.L.); (T.X.)
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Peng Lu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.Z.); (W.L.); (P.L.); (T.X.)
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Tianyu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.Z.); (W.L.); (P.L.); (T.X.)
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Kai Pan
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.Z.); (W.L.); (P.L.); (T.X.)
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-451-5519-0563
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Chen M, Zheng M, Chen Y, Xiao R, Zheng X, Liu B, Wang J, Zhu Y. Effect of metal ions on lipopeptide secretion from Bacillus subtilis strain FJAT-4: Negative regulation by Ca 2. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 132:2167-2176. [PMID: 34716970 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to investigate the effect of metal ions on lipopeptide production by Bacillus subtilis strain FJAT-4 and the mechanism of negative regulation by Ca2+ . METHODS AND RESULTS The quantitative measurement of lipopeptides in response to K+ , Na+ , Mg2+ and Ca2+ addition was carried out by LC-MS. The contents of fengycin and surfactin varied within the range of 116.24-129.80 mg/L and 34.03-63.11 mg/L in the culture media containing K+ , Na+ and Mg2+ , while the levels were 0.86 and 0.63 mg/L in the media containing Ca2+ . Ca2+ at a high concentration (45 mM) did not adversely affect the growth of strain FJAT-4, but caused significant downregulation of lipopeptide synthesis-related gene expression, corresponding to a decrease in lipopeptide production. This inhibition by Ca2+ was further investigated by proteomic analysis. In total, 112 proteins were upregulated and 524 proteins were downregulated in the presence of additional Ca2+ (45 mM). Among these differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), 28 were related to phosphotransferase activity, and 42 were related to kinase activity. The proteomics results suggested that altered levels of three two-component signal-transduction systems (ResD/ResE, PhoP/PhoR and DegU/DegS) might be involved in the control of expression of the fen and srfA operons of FJAT-4 under high calcium stress. CONCLUSIONS The Ca2+ at the high concentration (45 mM) triggers a decrease in lipopeptide production, which might be attributed to the regulation of three two-component signal-transduction systems ResD/ResE, PhoP/PhoR and DegU/DegS. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The regulatory effect of calcium on the expression of genes encoding lipopeptide synthetases can be applied to optimize the production of lipopeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meichun Chen
- Agricultural Bioresources Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Meixia Zheng
- Agricultural Bioresources Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yanping Chen
- Agricultural Bioresources Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Rongfeng Xiao
- Agricultural Bioresources Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xuefang Zheng
- Agricultural Bioresources Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Agricultural Bioresources Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jieping Wang
- Agricultural Bioresources Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yujing Zhu
- Agricultural Bioresources Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
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Palmitic acid mediated change of rhizosphere and alleviation of Fusarium wilt disease in watermelon. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:3616-3623. [PMID: 34121905 PMCID: PMC8176049 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Palmitic acid (PA) in root exudates or decaying residues can reduce the incidence of soil-borne diseases and promote the growth of some crop plants. However, the effects of PA on soil-borne pathogens and microbial communities are poorly understood. Here, we investigate the effects of PA on overall watermelon microbial communities and the populations of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. niveum (Fon). The effects of PA on the mycelial growth and spore production of Fon were tested in vitro, while its effects on Fon, total bacteria and total fungi populations, and microbial communities were evaluated in a pot experiment. The results revealed that all test concentrations of PA inhibited Fon mycelia growth and spore production. The pot experiment showed that 0.5 mM and 1 mM PA reduced Fon but increased total bacteria populations, and 0.5 mM and 1 mM PA 0.5 mM and 1 mM PA promoted the change to a soil type of bacteria soil. Meanwhile, 0.5 mM PA and 1 mM PA altered the community composition of the rhizosphere microorganisms and reduced the relative abundance of two bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and the two fungal OTUs that were significantly (p < 0.01) related with disease severity and increased that of four bacterial OTUs and the two fungal that were highly significantly (p < 0.01) negatively correlated with the disease severity. These results suggest that application of PA decreased the populations of Fon, changed the rhizosphere microbial composition, reduced the disease severity of Fusarium wilt, and promoted the growth of watermelon.
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Zhu Q, Chen L, Chen T, Xu Q, He T, Wang Y, Deng X, Zhang S, Pan Y, Jin A. Integrated transcriptome and metabolome analyses of biochar-induced pathways in response to Fusarium wilt infestation in pepper. Genomics 2021; 113:2085-2095. [PMID: 33895283 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study used soils contaminated with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. capsici (CCS) and CCS amended with bamboo biochar (CCS + BC) to grow the pepper variety Qujiao No.1. The physiological performance, and transcriptome and metabolome profiling in leaf (L) and fruit (F) of Qujiao No.1 were conducted. Application of biochar improved soil properties, pepper plant nutrition and increased activities of enzymes related to pest/disease resistance, leading to superior physiological performance and lesser F. wilt disease incidence than plants from CCS. Most of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) were involved in protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum (fruit), plant pathogen interaction (fruit), photosynthesis (leaf), phenylpropanoid biosynthesis (both tissues) and metabolic pathways (both tissues). Biochar improved plant photosynthesis, enhanced the immune system, energy production and increased stress signaling pathways. Overall, our results provide evidence of a number of pathways induced by biochar in pepper regulating its response to F. wilt disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianggen Zhu
- College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, China
| | - Limin Chen
- Integrated Plant Protection Center, Lishui Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, 827 Liyang Stress, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, China; State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, China
| | - Qian Xu
- College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, China
| | - Tianjun He
- Integrated Plant Protection Center, Lishui Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, 827 Liyang Stress, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, China
| | - Yikun Wang
- College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, China
| | - Xianjun Deng
- College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, China
| | - Sihai Zhang
- College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, China
| | - Yiming Pan
- Integrated Plant Protection Center, Lishui Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, 827 Liyang Stress, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, China
| | - Aiwu Jin
- College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, China; Integrated Plant Protection Center, Lishui Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, 827 Liyang Stress, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, China.
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