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Silva BNP, Masetto TE, Zanzi JVS, Souza LCF. Regulation of dormancy break and germination of safflower seeds: the role of GA3, light and cold temperatures. BRAZ J BIOL 2023; 83:e270354. [PMID: 37820205 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.270354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The safflower crop is considered a great alternative for crop rotation since drought tolerance and low production cost are attractive for its choice. However, safflower seeds show dormancy soon after dispersal from the mother plant, making it difficult to successfully establish plants using newly harvested seeds. The influence of temperature, gibberellin and light/dark on dormancy break of safflower seeds during storage were investigated. In a completely randomized design, freshly harvested seeds or stored for 100 and 200 days (paper bag, 20 °C/ 60% UR) were treated with GA3 (0 and 100 µM), at 4, 10 and 25 °C, in the presence and absence of light, during the germination test. Seeds were evaluated for germination percentage, germination speed and seedling survival after 21 days. The temperature of 10 °C, in combination with GA3 (0/100 µM), or light/dark, provided the highest seed germination results, for freshly-harvested seeds and stored seeds. Collectively, these observations indicate that dormancy was not affected by gibberellic acid (100 µM GA3) and the germination results at 21 days were significantly higher, in relation to the use of GA3, under light or dark. Recently harvested seeds could efficiently germinate at 10 °C in the dark, while seeds dry-stored at 20 °C had decreased germination percentages.
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Affiliation(s)
- B N P Silva
- Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados - UFGD, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias, Dourados, MS, Brasil
| | - T E Masetto
- Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados - UFGD, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias, Dourados, MS, Brasil
| | - J V S Zanzi
- Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados - UFGD, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias, Dourados, MS, Brasil
| | - L C F Souza
- Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados - UFGD, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias, Dourados, MS, Brasil
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Pan C, Yao L, Yu L, Qiao Z, Tang M, Wei F, Huang X, Zhou Y. Transcriptome and proteome analyses reveal the potential mechanism of seed dormancy release in Amomum tsaoko during warm stratification. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:99. [PMID: 36864423 PMCID: PMC9983222 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09202-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Amomum tsaoko breeding, the low germination rate is the major limitation for their large-scale reproduction. We found that warm stratification was an effective treatment to break the seed dormancy of A. tsaoko prior to sowing and could be an important component of improving breeding programs. The mechanism of seed dormancy release during warm stratification remains unclear. Therefore, we studied the differences between transcripts and proteomes at 0, 30, 60, and 90 days of warm stratification, to identify some regulatory genes and functional proteins that may cause seed dormancy release in A. tsaoko and reveal their regulatory mechanism. RESULTS RNA-seq was performed for the seed dormancy release process, and the number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was 3196 in three dormancy release periods. Using TMT-labelling quantitative proteome analysis, a total of 1414 proteins were defined as differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). Functional enrichment analyses revealed that the DEGs and DEPs were mainly involved in signal transduction pathways (MAPK signaling, hormone) and metabolism processes (cell wall, storage and energy reserves), suggesting that these differentially expressed genes and proteins are somehow involved in response to seed dormancy release process, including MAPK, PYR/PYL, PP2C, GID1, GH3, ARF, AUX/IAA, TPS, SPS, and SS. In addition, transcription factors ARF, bHLH, bZIP, MYB, SBP, and WRKY showed differential expression during the warm stratification stage, which may relate to dormancy release. Noteworthy, XTH, EXP, HSP and ASPG proteins may be involved in a complex network to regulate cell division and differentiation, chilling response and the seed germination status in A. tsaoko seed during warm stratification. CONCLUSION Our transcriptomic and proteomic analysis highlighted specific genes and proteins that warrant further study in fully grasping the precise molecular mechanisms that control the seed dormancy and germination of A. tsaoko. A hypothetical model of the genetic regulatory network provides a theoretical basis for overcoming the physiological dormancy in A. tsaoko in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunliu Pan
- Guangxi TCM Resources General Survey and Data Collection Key Laboratory, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
| | - Lixiang Yao
- Guangxi TCM Resources General Survey and Data Collection Key Laboratory, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
| | - Liying Yu
- Guangxi TCM Resources General Survey and Data Collection Key Laboratory, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
| | - Zhu Qiao
- Guangxi Medicinal Resources Conservation and Genetic Improvement Key Laboratory, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
| | - Meiqiong Tang
- Guangxi Medicinal Resources Conservation and Genetic Improvement Key Laboratory, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
| | - Fan Wei
- Guangxi Medicinal Resources Conservation and Genetic Improvement Key Laboratory, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
| | - Xueyan Huang
- Guangxi TCM Resources General Survey and Data Collection Key Laboratory, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China.
| | - Yunyi Zhou
- Guangxi TCM Resources General Survey and Data Collection Key Laboratory, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China.
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Yang QX, Chen D, Zhao Y, Zhang XY, Zhao M, Peng R, Sun NX, Baldwin TC, Yang SC, Liang YL. RNA-seq analysis reveals key genes associated with seed germination of Fritillaria taipaiensis P.Y.Li by cold stratification. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1021572. [PMID: 36247582 PMCID: PMC9555243 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1021572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Seed dormancy is an adaptive strategy for environmental evolution. However, the molecular mechanism of the breaking of seed dormancy at cold temperatures is still unclear, and the genetic regulation of germination initiated by exposure to cold temperature requires further investigation. In the initial phase of the current study, the seed coat characteristics and embryo development of Fritillaria taipaiensis P.Y.Li at different temperatures (0°C, 4°C, 10°C & 25°C) was recorded. The results obtained demonstrated that embryo elongation and the dormancy-breaking was most significantly affected at 4°C. Subsequently, transcriptome analyses of seeds in different states of dormancy, at two stratification temperatures (4°C and 25°C) was performed, combined with weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) and metabolomics, to explore the transcriptional regulation of seed germination in F. taipaiensis at the two selected stratification temperatures. The results showed that stratification at the colder temperature (4°C) induced an up-regulation of gene expression involved in gibberellic acid (GA) and auxin biosynthesis and the down-regulation of genes related to the abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthetic pathway. Thereby promoting embryo development and the stimulation of seed germination. Collectively, these data constitute a significant advance in our understanding of the role of cold temperatures in the regulation of seed germination in F. taipaiensis and also provide valuable transcriptomic data for seed dormancy for other non-model plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Xiong Yang
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural Waseda University, Fengyuan, Kunming, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Dan Chen
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural Waseda University, Fengyuan, Kunming, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural Waseda University, Fengyuan, Kunming, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Zhang
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural Waseda University, Fengyuan, Kunming, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Min Zhao
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural Waseda University, Fengyuan, Kunming, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Rui Peng
- Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing, China
| | - Nian-Xi Sun
- Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing, China
| | - Timothy Charles Baldwin
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom
| | - Sheng-Chao Yang
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural Waseda University, Fengyuan, Kunming, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yan-Li Liang
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural Waseda University, Fengyuan, Kunming, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
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Zhang W, Xia L, Peng F, Song C, Manzoor MA, Cai Y, Jin Q. Transcriptomics and metabolomics changes triggered by exogenous 6-benzylaminopurine in relieving epicotyl dormancy of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua seeds. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:961899. [PMID: 35958203 PMCID: PMC9358440 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.961899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua is one of the most useful herbs in traditional Chinese medicine and widely used in medicinal and edible perennial plant. However, the seeds have the characteristics of epicotyl dormancy. In this study, the molecular basis for relieving epicotyl dormancy of P. cyrtonema seeds under exogenous 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA) treatment was revealed for the first time through transcriptome and metabolomics analysis. We determined the elongation of epicotyl buds as a critical period for dormancy release and found that the content of trans-zeatin, proline, auxin and gibberellin was higher, while flavonoids and arginine were lower in the treatment group. Transcriptome analysis showed that there were significant differences in gene expression in related pathways, and the expression patterns were highly consistent with the change of metabolites in corresponding pathways. Co-expression analysis showed that cytokinin dehydrogenase of P. cyrtonema (PcCKXs) and pelargonidin in flavonoid biosynthesis, as well as L-proline, L-ornithine, and L-citrulline in arginine and proline metabolism form network modules, indicating that they have related regulatory roles. Above all, our findings provide new insight into the exogenous 6-BA relieving epicotyl dormancy of P. cyrtonema seeds.
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Chen JZ, Huang XL, Xiao XF, Liu JM, Liao XF, Sun QW, Peng L, Zhang L. Seed Dormancy Release and Germination Requirements of Cinnamomum migao, an Endangered and Rare Woody Plant in Southwest China. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:770940. [PMID: 35154219 PMCID: PMC8828499 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.770940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Seed dormancy is a complex adaptive trait of plants that are influenced by several physiological and environmental factors. The endangered plant Cinnamomum migao is also known to exhibit seed dormancy and low germination, which may influence its regeneration; however, these characteristics remain unexplored. To our knowledge, this study is the first to examine the type of dormancy and improve the germination percentage of C. migao seeds. We evaluated the structure and characteristics of the embryo and endocarp of C. migao seeds as well as the effects of endogenous inhibitors. Furthermore, we assessed the effects of light, stratification, alternating temperature, and gibberellic acid 3 (GA3) on the dormancy release of these seeds. The embryo was well developed the endocarp was water-permeable, and no obvious mechanical hindrance to germination was observed. However, the endocarp and embryo contained phenols and other germination inhibitors. The seed extracts of C. migao delayed the germination of cabbage and ryegrass seeds, which indicates the presence of endogenous inhibitors. These findings suggest that C. migao seeds exhibit physiological dormancy. Light and an alternating temperature (15/20°C) did not influence germination. However, GA3 pretreatment, alternating temperatures, and warm stratification relieved dormancy. GA3 pretreatment combined with the 15°C stratification treatment was most effective in rapidly releasing the C. migao seed dormancy. Our findings may facilitate the storage and conservation of this endangered plant, which is currently underrepresented in ex situ collections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xue-feng Xiao
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ji-ming Liu
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiao-feng Liao
- Guizhou Province Institute of Mountain Resources, Guiyang, China
| | - Qing-wen Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Liang Peng
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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Porceddu M, Pritchard HW, Mattana E, Bacchetta G. Differential Interpretation of Mountain Temperatures by Endospermic Seeds of Three Endemic Species Impacts the Timing of In Situ Germination. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E1382. [PMID: 33081420 PMCID: PMC7603068 DOI: 10.3390/plants9101382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Predicting seed germination in the field is a critical part of anticipating the impact of climate change on the timing of wild species regeneration. We combined thermal time and soil heat sum models of seed germination for three endemic Mediterranean mountain species with endospermic seeds and morphophysiological dormancy: Aquilegia barbaricina, Paeonia corsica, and Ribes sandalioticum. Seeds were buried in the soil within the respective collection sites, both underneath and outside the tree canopy, and their growth was assessed regularly and related to soil temperatures and estimates of the thermal characteristics of the seeds. The thermal thresholds for embryo growth and seed germination of A. barbaricina assessed in previous studies under controlled conditions were used to calculate soil heat sum accumulation of this species in the field. Thermal thresholds of seed germination for P. corsica and R. sandalioticum were not previously known and were estimated for the first time in this field study, based on findings of previous works carried out under controlled conditions. Critical embryo length and maximum germination for A. barbaricina were reached in April, and in December for R. sandalioticum. Seeds of P. corsica stay dormant in the ground until the following summer, and the critical embryo length and highest germination were detected from September to December. Soil heat sum models predicted earlier germination by one month for all three species under two Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) scenarios, based on the assumption that the estimated thermal thresholds will remain constant through climate changes. This phenological shift may increase the risk of mortality for young seedlings. The models developed provide important means of connecting the micro-environmental niche for in situ seed germination and the macro-environmental parameters under a global warming scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Porceddu
- Sardinian Germplasm Bank (BG-SAR), Hortus Botanicus Karalitanus (HBK), University of Cagliari, Viale S. Ignazio da Laconi, 9-11, 09123 Cagliari, Italy;
- Centre for the Conservation of Biodiversity (CCB), Life and Environmental Sciences Department, University of Cagliari, Viale S. Ignazio da Laconi 11-13, 09123 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Hugh W. Pritchard
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Wellcome Trust Millennium Building, Wakehurst, Ardingly, West Sussex RH17 6TN, UK; (H.W.P.); (E.M.)
| | - Efisio Mattana
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Wellcome Trust Millennium Building, Wakehurst, Ardingly, West Sussex RH17 6TN, UK; (H.W.P.); (E.M.)
| | - Gianluigi Bacchetta
- Sardinian Germplasm Bank (BG-SAR), Hortus Botanicus Karalitanus (HBK), University of Cagliari, Viale S. Ignazio da Laconi, 9-11, 09123 Cagliari, Italy;
- Centre for the Conservation of Biodiversity (CCB), Life and Environmental Sciences Department, University of Cagliari, Viale S. Ignazio da Laconi 11-13, 09123 Cagliari, Italy
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