1
|
Zhang P, Wang T, Yao Z, Li J, Wang Q, Xue Y, Jiang Y, Li Q, Li L, Qi Z, Niu J. Fine mapping of leaf delayed virescence gene dv4 in Triticum aestivum. Gene 2024; 910:148277. [PMID: 38364974 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most important crops worldwide, and its yield affects national food security. Wheat leaves are key photosynthetic organs where carbohydrates are synthesized for grain yield. Leaf colour mutants are ideal germplasm resources for molecular genetic studies of wheat chloroplast development, chlorophyll synthesis and photosynthesis. We obtained a wheat mutant delayed virescence 4 (dv4) from cultivar Guomai 301. The leaves of mutant dv4 were pale yellow at the seedling stage, golden yellow at the turning green stage, and they started to turn green at the jointing stage. Genetic analysis demonstrated that the yellow-leaf phenotype was controlled by a single recessive gene named as dv4. Gene dv4 was fine mapped in a 1.46 Mb region on chromosome 7DS by SSR and dCAPS marker assays. Three putative candidate genes were identified in this region. Because no leaf colour genes have been reported on wheat chromosome arm 7DS previously, dv4 is a novel leaf colour gene. The result facilitates map-based cloning of dv4 and provides information for the construction of a high-photosynthetic efficiency ideotype for improving wheat yield.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Zhang
- Henan Technology Innovation Centre of Wheat / National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Henan Technology Innovation Centre of Wheat / National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Ziping Yao
- Henan Technology Innovation Centre of Wheat / National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Junchang Li
- Henan Technology Innovation Centre of Wheat / National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Henan Technology Innovation Centre of Wheat / National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Ying Xue
- Henan Technology Innovation Centre of Wheat / National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yumei Jiang
- Henan Technology Innovation Centre of Wheat / National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Qiaoyun Li
- Henan Technology Innovation Centre of Wheat / National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Lei Li
- Henan Technology Innovation Centre of Wheat / National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Zengjun Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jishan Niu
- Henan Technology Innovation Centre of Wheat / National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Overlander-Chen M, Carlson CH, Fiedler JD, Yang S. Plastid terminal oxidase is required for chloroplast biogenesis in barley. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 117:1179-1190. [PMID: 37985448 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplast biogenesis is critical for crop biomass and economic yield. However, chloroplast development is a very complicated process coordinated by cross-communication between the nucleus and plastids, and the underlying mechanisms have not been fully revealed. To explore the regulatory machinery for chloroplast biogenesis, we conducted map-based cloning of the Grandpa 1 (Gpa1) gene regulating chloroplast development in barley. The spontaneous mutation gpa1.a caused a variegation phenotype of the leaf, dwarfed growth, reduced grain yield, and increased tiller number. Genetic mapping anchored the Gpa1 gene onto 2H within a gene cluster functionally related to photosynthesis or chloroplast differentiation. One gene (HORVU.MOREX.r3.2HG0213170) in the delimited region encodes a putative plastid terminal oxidase (PTOX) in thylakoid membranes, which is homologous to IMMUTANS (IM) of Arabidopsis. The IM gene is required for chloroplast biogenesis and maintenance of functional thylakoids in Arabidopsis. Using CRISPR technology and gene transformation, we functionally validated that the PTOX-encoding gene, HORVU.MOREX.r3.2HG0213170, is the causal gene of Gpa1. Gene expression and chemical analysis revealed that the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway is suppressed by the gpa1 mutation, rendering mutants vulnerable to photobleaching. Our results showed that the overtillering associated with the gpa1 mutation was caused by the lower accumulation of carotenoid-derived strigolactones (SLs) in the mutant. The cloning of Gpa1 not only improves our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying chloroplast biosynthesis but also indicates that the PTOX activity is conserved between monocots and dicots for the establishment of the photosynthesis factory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan Overlander-Chen
- USDA-ARS Cereals Research Unit, Edward T. Schafer Agriculture Research Center, Fargo, North Dakota, 58102, USA
| | - Craig H Carlson
- USDA-ARS Cereals Research Unit, Edward T. Schafer Agriculture Research Center, Fargo, North Dakota, 58102, USA
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, North Dakota, 58102, USA
| | - Jason D Fiedler
- USDA-ARS Cereals Research Unit, Edward T. Schafer Agriculture Research Center, Fargo, North Dakota, 58102, USA
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, North Dakota, 58102, USA
| | - Shengming Yang
- USDA-ARS Cereals Research Unit, Edward T. Schafer Agriculture Research Center, Fargo, North Dakota, 58102, USA
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, North Dakota, 58102, USA
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, North Dakota, 58102, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jalil S, Ali Q, Khan AU, Nazir MM, Ali S, Zulfiqar F, Javed MA, Jin X. Molecular and biochemical characterization of rice developed through conventional integration of nDart1-0 transposon gene. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8139. [PMID: 37208408 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35095-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations, the genetic variations in genomic sequences, play an important role in molecular biology and biotechnology. During DNA replication or meiosis, one of the mutations is transposons or jumping genes. An indigenous transposon nDart1-0 was successfully introduced into local indica cultivar Basmati-370 from transposon-tagged line viz., GR-7895 (japonica genotype) through conventional breeding technique, successive backcrossing. Plants from segregating populationsshowed variegated phenotypes were tagged as BM-37 mutants. Blast analysis of the sequence data revealed that the GTP-binding protein, located on the BAC clone OJ1781_H11 of chromosome 5, contained an insertion of DNA transposon nDart1-0. The nDart1-0 has "A" at position 254 bp, whereas nDart1 homologs have "G", which efficiently distinguishes nDart1-0 from its homologs. The histological analysis revealed that the chloroplast of mesophyll cells in BM-37 was disrupted with reduction in size of starch granules and higher number of osmophillic plastoglobuli, which resulted in decreased chlorophyll contents and carotenoids, gas exchange parameters (Pn, g, E, Ci), and reduced expression level of genes associated with chlorophyll biosynthesis, photosynthesis and chloroplast development. Along with the rise of GTP protein, the salicylic acid (SA) and gibberellic acid (GA) and antioxidant contents(SOD) and MDA levels significantly enhanced, while, the cytokinins (CK), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), total flavanoid contents (TFC) and total phenolic contents (TPC) significantly reduced in BM-37 mutant plants as compared with WT plants. These results support the notion that GTP-binding proteins influence the process underlying chloroplast formation. Therefore, it is anticipated that to combat biotic or abiotic stress conditions, the nDart1-0 tagged mutant (BM-37) of Basmati-370 would be beneficial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanaullah Jalil
- Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
- Crop Sciences Institute, National Agricultural Research Center, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Qurban Ali
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Asad Ullah Khan
- Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | | | - Sharafat Ali
- Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Faisal Zulfiqar
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arshad Javed
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Xiaoli Jin
- Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang P, Ni Y, Jiao Z, Li J, Wang T, Yao Z, Jiang Y, Yang X, Sun Y, Li H, He D, Niu J. The wheat leaf delayed virescence of mutant dv4 is associated with the abnormal photosynthetic and antioxidant systems. Gene X 2023; 856:147134. [PMID: 36586497 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.147134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlorophyll (Chl) is a key pigment for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) photosynthesis, consequently impacts grain yield. A wheat mutant named as delayed virescence 4 (dv4) was obtained from cultivar Guomai 301 (wild type, WT) treated with ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS). The seedling leaves of dv4 were shallow yellow, apparently were chlorophyll deficient. They started to turn green at the jointing stage and returned to almost ordinary green at the heading stage. Leaf transcriptome comparison of Guomai 301 and dv4 at the jointing stage showed that most differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of transcription and translation were highly expressed in dv4, one key gene nicotianamine aminotransferase A (NAAT-A) involved in the synthesis and metabolism pathways of tyrosine, methionine and phenylalanine was significantly lowly expressed. The expression levels of the most photosynthesis related genes, such as photosystem I (PS I), ATPase and light-harvesting chlorophyll protein complex-related homeotypic genes, and protochlorophyllide reductase A (PORA) were lower; but macromolecule degradation and hypersensitivity response (HR) related gene heat shock protein 82 (HSP82) was highly expressed. Compared to WT, the contents of macromolecules such as proteins and sugars were reduced; the contents of Chl a, Chl b, total Chl, and carotenoids in leaves of dv4 were significantly less at the jointing stage, while the ratio of Chl a / Chl b was the same as that of WT. The net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of dv4 were significantly lower. The H2O2 content were higher, while the contents of total phenol and malondialdehyde (MDA), antioxidant enzyme activities were lower in leaves of dv4. In conclusion, the reduced contents of macromolecules and photosynthetic pigments, the abnormal photosynthetic and antioxidant systems were closely related to the phenotype of dv4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Zhang
- Henan Technology Innovation Centre of Wheat / National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China
| | - Yongjing Ni
- Shangqiu Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shangqiu 476000, Henan, China
| | - Zhixin Jiao
- Henan Technology Innovation Centre of Wheat / National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China
| | - Junchang Li
- Henan Technology Innovation Centre of Wheat / National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Henan Technology Innovation Centre of Wheat / National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China
| | - Ziping Yao
- Henan Technology Innovation Centre of Wheat / National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China
| | - Yumei Jiang
- Henan Technology Innovation Centre of Wheat / National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China
| | - Xiwen Yang
- Henan Technology Innovation Centre of Wheat / National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China
| | - Yulong Sun
- Henan Technology Innovation Centre of Wheat / National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China
| | - Huijuan Li
- Henan Technology Innovation Centre of Wheat / National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China
| | - Dexian He
- Henan Technology Innovation Centre of Wheat / National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China.
| | - Jishan Niu
- Henan Technology Innovation Centre of Wheat / National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang Y, Wang J, Chen L, Meng X, Zhen X, Liang Y, Han Y, Li H, Zhang B. Identification and function analysis of yellow-leaf mutant (YX-yl) of broomcorn millet. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:463. [PMID: 36167497 PMCID: PMC9513943 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03843-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Broomcorn millet is highly tolerant to drought and barren soil. Changes in chlorophyll content directly affect leaf color, which subsequently leadsleading to poor photosynthetic performance and reduced crop yield. Herein, we isolated a yellow leaf mutant (YX-yl) using a forward genetics approach and evaluated its agronomic traits, photosynthetic pigment content, chloroplast ultrastructure, and chlorophyll precursors. Furthermore, the molecular mechanism of yellowing was explored using transcriptome sequencing. RESULTS The YX-yl mutant showed significantly decreased plant height and low yield. The leaves exhibited a yellow-green phenotype and poor photosynthetic capacity during the entire growth period. The content of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids in YX-yl leaves was lower than that in wild-type leaves. Chlorophyll precursor analysis results showed that chlorophyll biosynthesis in YX-yl was hindered by the conversion of porphobilinogen to protoporphyrin IX. Examination of chloroplast ultrastructure in the leaves revealed that the chloroplasts of YX-yl accumulated on one side of the cell. Moreover, the chloroplast structure of YX-yl was degraded. The inner and outer membranes of the chloroplasts could not be distinguished well. The numbers of grana and grana thylakoids in the chloroplasts were low. The transcriptome of the yellowing mutant YX-yl was sequenced and compared with that of the wild type. Nine chlorophyll-related genes with significantly different expression profiles were identified: PmUROD, PmCPO, PmGSAM, PmPBDG, PmLHCP, PmCAO, PmVDE, PmGluTR, and PmPNPT. The proteins encoded by these genes were located in the chloroplast, chloroplast membrane, chloroplast thylakoid membrane, and chloroplast matrix and were mainly involved in chlorophyll biosynthesis and redox-related enzyme regulation. CONCLUSIONS YX-yl is an ideal material for studying pigment metabolism mechanisms. Changes in the expression patterns of some genes between YX-yl and the wild type led to differences in chloroplast structures and enzyme activities in the chlorophyll biosynthesis pathway, ultimately resulting in a yellowing phenotype in the YX-yl mutant. Our findings provide an insight to the molecular mechanisms of leaf color formation and chloroplast development in broomcorn millet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yushen Wang
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China, 030801
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding of Minor Crop, Taigu, Shanxi, China, 030801
- Ministerial and Provincial Co-Innovation Centre for Endemic Crops Production With High-Quality and Efficiency in Loess Plateau, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China, 030801
| | - Junjie Wang
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China, 030801
| | - Liqing Chen
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China, 030801
| | - Xiaowei Meng
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China, 030801
| | - Xiaoxi Zhen
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China, 030801
| | - Yinpei Liang
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China, 030801
| | - Yuanhuai Han
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China, 030801
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding of Minor Crop, Taigu, Shanxi, China, 030801
| | - Hongying Li
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China, 030801
| | - Bin Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China, 030801.
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding of Minor Crop, Taigu, Shanxi, China, 030801.
- Ministerial and Provincial Co-Innovation Centre for Endemic Crops Production With High-Quality and Efficiency in Loess Plateau, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China, 030801.
- Institute of Agricultural Bioengineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China, 030801.
| |
Collapse
|