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Li W, Liu S, Wang S, Li Y, Kong D, Wang A. A single origin and high genetic diversity of cultivated medicinal herb Glehnia littoralis subsp. littoralis (Apiaceae) deciphered by SSR marker and phenotypic analysis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0308369. [PMID: 39116119 PMCID: PMC11309482 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0308369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Ten SSR markers based on transcriptome sequencing were employed to genotype 231 samples of G. littoralis subsp. littoralis (Apiaceae) from nine cultivated populations and seven wild populations, aiming to assess the genetic diversity and genetic structure, and elucidate the origin of the cultivated populations. Cultivated populations exhibited relatively high genetic diversity (h = 0.441, I = 0.877), slightly lower than that of their wild counterparts (h = 0.491, I = 0.930), likely due to recent domestication and ongoing gene flow between wild and cultivated germplasm. The primary cultivated population in Shandong have the crucial genetic status. A single origin of domestication was inferred through multiple analysis, and wild populations from Liaoning and Shandong are inferred to be potentially the ancestor source for the present cultivated populations. Phenotypic analysis revealed a relatively high heritability of root length across three growth periods (0.683, 0.284, 0.402), with significant correlations observed between root length and petiole length (Pearson correlation coefficient = 0.30, P<0.05), as well as between root diameter and leaf area (Pearson correlation coefficient = 0.36, P<0.01). These parameters can serve as valuable indicators for monitoring the developmental progress of medicinal plants during field management. In summary, this study can shed light on the intricate genetic landscape of G. littoralis subsp. littoralis, providing foundational insights crucial for conservation strategies, targeted breeding initiatives, and sustainable management practices in both agricultural and natural habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Li
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Shuliang Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Shimeng Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Yihui Li
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Dongrui Kong
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Ailan Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China
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Lin Y, Yao G, Huang C, Chao Z, Tian E. Molecular evidence provides new insights into the evolutionary origin of an ancient traditional Chinese medicine, the domesticated "Baizhi". FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1388586. [PMID: 38779069 PMCID: PMC11110842 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1388586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Introduction "Baizhi" is a famous herbal medicine in China, and it includes four landraces named as 'Hangbaizhi', 'Chuanbaizhi', 'Qibaizhi', and 'Yubaizhi'. Long-term artificial selection had caused serious degradation of these germplasms. Determining the wild progenitor of the landraces would be benefit for their breed improvements. Previous studies have suggested Angelica dahurica var. dahurica, A. dahurica var. formosana, or A. porphyrocaulis as potential candidates, but the conclusion remains uncertain, and their phylogenetic relationships are still in controversy. Methods In this study, the genetic variation and phylogenetic analyses of these species and four landraces were conducted on the basis of both the nrITS and plastome datasets. Results Genetic variation analysis showed that all 8 population of four landraces shared only one ITS haplotype, meanwhile extremely low variation occurred within 6 population at plastid genome level. Both datasets supported the four landraces might be originated from a single wild germplasm. Phylogenetic analyses with both datasets revealed largely consistent topology using Bayesian inference and Maximum likelihood methods. Samples of the four landraces and all wild A. dahurica var. dahurica formed a highly supported monophyletic clade, and then sister to the monophyly clade comprised by samples of A. porphyrocaulis, while four landraces were clustered into one clade, which further clustered with a mixed branches of A. porphyrocaulis and A. dahurica var. dahurica to form sister branches for plastid genomes. Furthermore, the monophyletic A. dahurica var. formosana was far distant from the A. dahurica var. dahurica-"Baizhi" clade in Angelica phylogeny. Such inferences was also supported by the evolutionary patterns of nrITS haplotype network and K2P genetic distances. The outcomes indicated A. dahurica var. dahurica is most likely the original plant of "Baizhi". Discussion Considering of phylogenetic inference and evolutionary history, the species-level status of A. dahurica var. formosana should be accepted, and the taxonomic level and phylgenetic position of A. porphyrocaulis should be further confirmed. This study preliminarily determined the wild progenitor of "Baizhi" and clarified the phylogenetic relationships among A. dahurica var. dahurica, A. dahurica var. formosana and A. porphyrocaulis, which will provide scientific guidance for wild resources protections and improvement of "Baizhi".
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyu Lin
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gang Yao
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunxiu Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Chao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Enwei Tian
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Preparation Technology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Liu Y, Cai L, Sun W. Transcriptome data analysis provides insights into the conservation of Michelia lacei, a plant species with extremely small populations distributed in Yunnan province, China. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:200. [PMID: 38500068 PMCID: PMC10949798 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04892-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Michelia lacei W.W.Smith (Magnoliaceae), was classified as a Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations (PSESP) by the Yunnan Provincial Government in both action plans of 2012 and 2021. This evergreen tree is known for its high ornamental and scientific value, but it faces significant threats due to its extremely small population size and narrow geographical distribution. The study aims to understand the genetic structure, diversity, and demographic history of this species to inform its conservation strategies. RESULTS The analysis of transcriptome data from 64 individuals across seven populations of M. lacei identified three distinct genetic clusters and generated 104,616 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The KM ex-situ population, originating from Longling County, exhibited unique genetic features, suggesting limited gene flow. The genetic diversity was substantial, with significant differences between populations, particularly between the KM lineage and the OTHER lineage. Demographic history inferred from the data indicated population experienced three significant population declines during glaciations, followed by periods of recovery. We estimated the effective population size (Ne) of the KM and OTHER lineages 1,000 years ago were 85,851 and 416,622, respectively. Gene flow analysis suggested past gene flow between populations, but the KM ex-situ population showed no recent gene flow. A total of 805 outlier SNPs, associated with four environmental factors, suggest potential local adaptation and showcase the species' adaptive potential. Particularly, the BZ displayed 515 adaptive loci, highlighting its strong potential for adaptation within this group. CONCLUSIONS The comprehensive genomic analysis of M. lacei provides valuable insights into its genetic background and highlights the urgent need for conservation efforts. The study underscores the importance of ex-situ conservation methods, such as seed collection and vegetative propagation, to safeguard genetic diversity and promote population restoration. The preservation of populations like MC and BZ is crucial for maintaining the species' genetic diversity. In-situ conservation measures, including the establishment of in-situ conservation sites and community engagement, are essential to enhance protection awareness and ensure the long-term survival of this threatened plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Integrative Conservation of Plant Species With Extremely Small Populations/ Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lei Cai
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Integrative Conservation of Plant Species With Extremely Small Populations/ Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Weibang Sun
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Integrative Conservation of Plant Species With Extremely Small Populations/ Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China.
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Wang JC, Chen HH, Hsu TW, Hung KH, Huang CC. A taxonomic revision of the genus Angelica (Apiaceae) in Taiwan with a new species A. aliensis. BOTANICAL STUDIES 2024; 65:3. [PMID: 38252347 PMCID: PMC10803708 DOI: 10.1186/s40529-023-00407-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angelica L. sensu lato is a taxonomically complex genus, and many studies have utilized morphological and molecular features to resolve its classification issues. In Taiwan, there are six taxa within Angelica, and their taxonomic treatments have been a subject of controversy. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis incorporating morphological and molecular (cpDNA and nrDNA) characteristics to revise the taxonomic treatments of Angelica in Taiwan. RESULTS As a result of our research, we have revised the classification between A. dahurica var. formosana and A. pubescens and merged two varieties of A. morrisonicola into a single taxon. A new taxon, A. aliensis, has been identified and found to share a close relationship with A. tarokoensis. Based on the morphological and molecular characteristics data, it has been determined that the former three taxa should be grouped into the Eurasian Angelica clade, while the remaining four taxa should belong to the littoral Angelica clade. Furthermore, Angelica species in Taiwan distributed at higher altitudes displayed higher genetic diversity, implying that the central mountain range of Taiwan serves as a significant reservoir of plant biodiversity. Genetic drift, such as bottlenecks, has been identified as a potential factor leading to the fixation or reduction of genetic diversity of populations in most Angelica species. We provide key to taxa, synopsis, phenology, and distribution for each taxon of Taiwan. CONCLUSIONS Our comprehensive analysis of morphological and molecular features has shed light on the taxonomic complexities within Angelica in Taiwan, resolving taxonomic issues and providing valuable insights into the phylogenetic relationships of Angelica in Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenn-Che Wang
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Hsin Chen
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Wen Hsu
- Wild Plants Division, Taiwan Biodiversity Research Institute, Nantou, 552, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsiang Hung
- Graduate Institute of Bioresources, Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 912, Taiwan.
- Forestry and Biodiversity Research Center, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 912, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-Chun Huang
- Wild Plants Division, Taiwan Biodiversity Research Institute, Nantou, 552, Taiwan.
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Wu Q, Jiang L, Yan Y, Yan Q, Zhu X, Zhang J, Huang C, Zhou T, Ren C, Wen F, Pei J. Geographical distribution-based differentiation of cultivated Angelica dahurica, exploring the relationship between the secretory tract and the quality. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21733. [PMID: 38066026 PMCID: PMC10709555 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48497-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Based on geographical distribution, cultivated Chinese Angelica dahurica has been divided into Angelica dahurica cv. 'Hangbaizhi' (HBZ) and Angelica dahurica cv. 'Qibaizhi' (QBZ). Long-term geographical isolation has led to significant quality differences between them. The secretory structure in medicinal plants, as a place for accumulating effective constituents and information transmission to the environment, links the environment with the quality of medicinal materials. However, the secretory tract differences between HBZ and QBZ has not been revealed. This study aimed to explore the relationship between the secretory tract and the quality of two kinds of A. dahurica. Root samples were collected at seven development phases. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging (DESI-MSI) were used for the content determination and spatial location of coumarins. Paraffin section was used to observe and localize the root secretory tract. Origin, CaseViewer, and HDI software were used for data analysis and image processing. The results showed that compared to QBZ, HBZ, with better quality, has a larger area of root secretory tracts. Hence, the root secretory tract can be included in the quality evaluation indicators of A. dahurica. Additionally, DESI-MSI technology was used for the first time to elucidate the temporal and spatial distribution of coumarin components in A. dahurica root tissues. This study provides a theoretical basis for the quality evaluation and breeding of improved varieties of A. dahurica and references the DESI-MSI technology used to analyze the metabolic differences of various compounds, including coumarin and volatile oil, in different tissue parts of A. dahurica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, 611137, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Lan Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yuhang Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Qi Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Xinglong Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Jiaxu Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Chengfeng Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, 611137, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Chaoxiang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, 611137, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Feiyan Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, 611137, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Jin Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, 611137, China.
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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Zhao LY, Liu YL, Shen Y, Zhang QY, Liu S, Ren QR, Qin LP, Sun YQ. Phylogeography of cultivated and wild ophiopogon japonicus based on chloroplast DNA: exploration of the origin and sustainable cultivation. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:242. [PMID: 37150815 PMCID: PMC10165772 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04247-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ophiopogon japonicus, mainly planted in Sichuan (CMD) and Zhejiang (ZMD) province in China, has a lengthy cultivation history. During the long period of domestication, the genetic diversity of cultivated O. japonicus has substantially declined, which will affect the population continuity and evolutionary potential of this species. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the phylogeography of cultivated O. japonicus to establish a theoretical basis for the utilization and conservation of the genetic resources of O. japonicus. RESULT The genetic diversity and population structure of 266 O. japonicus individual plants from 23 sampling sites were analyzed based on 4 chloroplast DNA sequences (atpB-rbcL, rpl16, psbA-trnH and rpl20-5'rps12) to identify the effects of domestication on genetic diversity of cultivars and determine their geographic origins. The results showed that cultivated O. japonicus and wild O. japonicus had 4 and 15 haplotypes respectively. The genetic diversity of two cultivars (Hd = 0.35700, π = 0.06667) was much lower than that of the wild populations (Hd = 0.76200, π = 0.20378), and the level of genetic diversity in CMD (Hd = 0.01900, π = 0.00125) was lower than that in ZMD (Hd = 0.06900, π = 0.01096). There was significant difference in genetic differentiation between the cultivated and the wild (FST = 0.82044), especially between the two cultivars (FST = 0.98254). This species showed a pronounced phylogeographical structure (NST > GST, P < 0.05). The phylogenetic tree showed that the genetic difference between CMD and ZMD was not enough to distinguish the cultivars between the two producing areas by using O. amblyphyllus Wang et Dai as an outgroup. In addition, both CMD and ZMD have a closer relationship with wild populations in Sichuan than that in Zhejiang. The results of the TCS network and species distribution model suggested that the wild population TQ located in Sichuan province could serve as the ancestor of cultivated O. japonicus, which was supported by RASP analysis. CONCLUSION These results suggest that cultivated O. japonicus has experienced dramatic loss of genetic diversity under anthropogenic influence. The genetic differentiation between CMD and ZMD is likely to be influenced by founder effect and strong artificial selection for plant traits. It appears that wild populations in Sichuan area are involved in the origin of not only CMD but also ZMD. In addition, we also raise some suggestions for planning scientific strategies for resource conservation of O. japonicus based on its genetic diversity and population structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Ying Zhao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu-Ling Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Shen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiao-Yan Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sha Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiu-Ru Ren
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lu-Ping Qin
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yi-Qi Sun
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Zhao H, Feng YL, Wang M, Wang JJ, Liu T, Yu J. The Angelica dahurica: A Review of Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:896637. [PMID: 35847034 PMCID: PMC9283917 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.896637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Angelica dahurica (A. dahurica) root is a famous edible medicinal herb that has been used in China for thousands of years. To date, more than 300 chemical constituents have been discovered from A. dahurica. Among these ingredients, coumarins and volatile oils are the major active compounds. Moreover, a few other compounds have also been isolated from the root of A. dahurica, such as alkaloids, phenols, sterols, benzofurans, polyacetylenes and polysaccharides. Modern pharmacological studies demonstrated that the root of A. dahurica and its active components displayed various bioactivities such as anti-inflammation, anti-tumor, anti-oxidation, analgesic activity, antiviral and anti-microbial effects, effects on the cardiovascular system, neuroprotective function, hepatoprotective activity, effects on skin diseases and so on. Based on these studies, this review focused on the research publications of A. dahurica and aimed to summarize the advances in the traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology which will provide reference for the further studies and applications of A. dahurica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhao
- Clinical Experimental Center, Xi’an International Medical Center Hospital, Xi’an, China
- Xi’an Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Active Peptides, Xi’an, China
| | - Ya-Long Feng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xianyang Normal University, Xianyang, China
| | - Ming Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jing-Jing Wang
- Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Tian Liu
- Clinical Experimental Center, Xi’an International Medical Center Hospital, Xi’an, China
- Xi’an Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Active Peptides, Xi’an, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Clinical Experimental Center, Xi’an International Medical Center Hospital, Xi’an, China
- Xi’an Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Active Peptides, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Jun Yu,
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