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Wang Q, Su Z, Chen J, Chen W, He Z, Wei S, Yang J, Zou J. HaMADS3, HaMADS7, and HaMADS8 are involved in petal prolongation and floret symmetry establishment in sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.). PeerJ 2024; 12:e17586. [PMID: 38974413 PMCID: PMC11225715 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of floral organs, crucial for the establishment of floral symmetry and morphology in higher plants, is regulated by MADS-box genes. In sunflower, the capitulum is comprised of ray and disc florets with various floral organs. In the sunflower long petal mutant (lpm), the abnormal disc (ray-like) floret possesses prolongated petals and degenerated stamens, resulting in a transformation from zygomorphic to actinomorphic symmetry. In this study, we investigated the effect of MADS-box genes on floral organs, particularly on petals, using WT and lpm plants as materials. Based on our RNA-seq data, 29 MADS-box candidate genes were identified, and their roles on floral organ development, especially in petals, were explored, by analyzing the expression levels in various tissues in WT and lpm plants through RNA-sequencing and qPCR. The results suggested that HaMADS3, HaMADS7, and HaMADS8 could regulate petal development in sunflower. High levels of HaMADS3 that relieved the inhibition of cell proliferation, together with low levels of HaMADS7 and HaMADS8, promoted petal prolongation and maintained the morphology of ray florets. In contrast, low levels of HaMADS3 and high levels of HaMADS7 and HaMADS8 repressed petal extension and maintained the morphology of disc florets. Their coordination may contribute to the differentiation of disc and ray florets in sunflower and maintain the balance between attracting pollinators and producing offspring. Meanwhile, Pearson correlation analysis between petal length and expression levels of MADS-box genes further indicated their involvement in petal prolongation. Additionally, the analysis of cis-acting elements indicated that these three MADS-box genes may regulate petal development and floral symmetry establishment by regulating the expression activity of HaCYC2c. Our findings can provide some new understanding of the molecular regulatory network of petal development and floral morphology formation, as well as the differentiation of disc and ray florets in sunflower.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- College of Life Sciences, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhou Su
- College of Life Sciences, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Chen
- College of Life Sciences, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Weiying Chen
- College of Life Sciences, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhuoyuan He
- College of Life Sciences, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Shuhong Wei
- College of Life Sciences, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Jun Yang
- College of Life Sciences, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Jian Zou
- College of Life Sciences, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
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Luo Y, Li Y, Yin X, Deng W, Liao J, Pan Y, Jiang B, Yang H, Ding K, Jia Y. Transcriptomics analyses reveal the key genes involved in stamen petaloid formation in Alcea rosea L. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:551. [PMID: 38877392 PMCID: PMC11177533 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05263-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Alcea rosea L. is a traditional flower with a long cultivation history. It is extensively cultivated in China and is widely planted in green belt parks or used as cut flowers and potted ornamental because of its rich colors and flower shapes. Double-petal A. rosea flowers have a higher aesthetic value compared to single-petal flowers, a phenomenon determined by stamen petaloid. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of this phenomenon is still very unclear. In this study, an RNA-based comparative transcriptomic analysis was performed between the normal petal and stamen petaloid petal of A. rosea. A total of 3,212 differential expressed genes (DEGs), including 2,620 up-regulated DEGs and 592 down-regulated DEGs, were identified from 206,188 unigenes. Numerous DEGs associated with stamen petaloid were identified through GO and KEGG enrichment analysis. Notably, there were 63 DEGs involved in the plant hormone synthesis and signal transduction, including auxin, cytokinin, gibberellin, abscisic acid, ethylene, brassinosteroid, jasmonic acid, and salicylic acid signaling pathway and 56 key transcription factors (TFs), such as MADS-box, bHLH, GRAS, and HSF. The identification of these DEGs provides an important clue for studying the regulation pathway and mechanism of stamen petaloid formation in A. rosea and provides valuable information for molecular plant breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzhi Luo
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yifeng Li
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiancai Yin
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Wanqing Deng
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jianwei Liao
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yuanzhi Pan
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Beibei Jiang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Hongchen Yang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Keying Ding
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yin Jia
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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Yu JJ, Cui J, Huang H, Cen DC, Liu F, Xu ZF, Wang Y. Identification of flowering genes in Camellia perpetua by comparative transcriptome analysis. Funct Integr Genomics 2023; 24:2. [PMID: 38066213 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-023-01267-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Camellia perpetua has the excellent characteristic of flowering multiple times throughout the year, which is of great importance to solve the problem of "short flowering period" and "low fresh flower yield" in the yellow Camellia industry at present. Observations of flowering phenology have demonstrated that most floral buds of C. perpetua were formed by the differentiation of axillary buds in the scales at the base of the terminal buds of annual branches. However, the molecular mechanism of flowering in C. perpetua is still unclear. In this study, we conducted a comparative transcriptomic study of the terminal buds and their basal flower buds in March (spring) and September (autumn) using RNA-seq and found that a total of 11,067 genes were significantly differentially expressed in these two periods. We identified 27 genes related to gibberellin acid (GA) synthesis, catabolism, and signal transduction during floral bud differentiation. However, treatment of the terminal buds and axillary buds of C. perpetua on annual branch with GA3 did not induce floral buds at the reproductive growth season (in August) but promoted shoot sprouting. Moreover, 203 flowering genes were identified from the C. perpetua transcriptome library through homology alignment, including flowering integrators LEAFY (LFY) and UNUSUAL FLORAL ORGANS (UFO), as well as MADS-box, SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-box (SBP-box), and TEOSINTE BRANCHED1/CYCLOIDEA/PROLIFERATING CELL FACTOR (TCP) genes, which were specifically upregulated in floral buds and were likely involved in flowering in C. perpetua. The floral inhibitor CperTFL1b was identified and cloned from C. perpetua, and its expression level was specifically regulated in terminal buds in autumn. Ectopic overexpression of CperTFL1b delayed flowering time and produced abnormal inflorescence and floral organs in Arabidopsis, suggesting that CperTFL1b inhibits flowering. In conclusion, this study deepens our understanding of the molecular mechanism of blooms throughout the year in C. perpetua and provides a helpful reference for cultivating new varieties of yellow Camellia with improved flowering traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530000, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Cultivation of Fast-Growing Timber in Central South China, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530000, China
| | - Jia Cui
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530000, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Cultivation of Fast-Growing Timber in Central South China, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530000, China
| | - Han Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530000, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Cultivation of Fast-Growing Timber in Central South China, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530000, China
| | - Dong-Can Cen
- Guangxi Yuanzhiyuan Ecological Agriculture Investment Co., Ltd., Nanning, 530212, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Nanning Tree Garden, Nanning, 530031, China
| | - Zeng-Fu Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530000, China.
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Cultivation of Fast-Growing Timber in Central South China, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530000, China.
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530000, China.
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Cultivation of Fast-Growing Timber in Central South China, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530000, China.
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