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Lind L, Gigante B, Borne Y, Mälarstig A, Sundström J, Ärnlöv J, Ingelsson E, Baldassarre D, Tremoli E, Veglia F, Hamsten A, Orho-Melander M, Nilsson J, Melander O, Engström G. The plasma protein profile and cardiovascular risk differ between intima-media thickness of the common carotid artery and the bulb: A meta-analysis and a longitudinal evaluation. Atherosclerosis 2020; 295:25-30. [PMID: 31981948 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Genetic loci associated with CHD show different relationships with intima-media thickness in the common carotid artery (IMT-CCA) and in the bulb (IMT-bulb). We evaluated if IMT-CCA and IMT-bulb differ also with respect to circulating protein profiles and risk of incident atherosclerotic disease. METHODS In three Swedish cohorts (MDC, IMPROVE, PIVUS, total n > 7000), IMT-CCA and IMT-bulb were assessed by ultrasound at baseline, and 86 cardiovascular-related proteins were analyzed. In the PIVUS study only, IMT-CCA and IMT-bulb were investigated in relation to incident atherosclerotic disease over 10 years of follow-up. RESULTS In a meta-analysis of the analysis performed separately in the cohorts, three proteins, matrix metalloproteinase-12 (MMP-12), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), were associated with IMT-CCA when adjusted for traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Five proteins were associated with IMT-bulb (MMP-12, growth/differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15), osteoprotegerin, growth hormone and renin). Following adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors, IMT-bulb was significantly more closely related to incident stroke or myocardial infarction (total number of cases, 111) than IMT-CCA in the PIVUS study (HR 1.51 for 1 SD, 95%CI 1.21-1.87, p < 0.001 vs HR 1.17, 95%CI 0.93-1.47, p = 0.16). MMP-12 levels were related to this combined end-point (HR 1.30, 95%CI 1.08-1.56, p = 0.0061). CONCLUSIONS Elevated levels of MMP-12 were associated with both IMT-CCA and IMT-bulb, but other proteins were significantly related to IMT in only one of these locations. The finding that IMT-bulb was more closely related to incident atherosclerotic disease than IMT-CCA emphasizes a difference between these measurements of IMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden.
| | - Bruna Gigante
- Bruna Gigante Unit of Cardiovascular Medicine, Dept of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Yan Borne
- Yan Borne Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Anders Mälarstig
- Bruna Gigante Unit of Cardiovascular Medicine, Dept of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Johan Sundström
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Johan Ärnlöv
- Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden; School of Health and Social Sciences, Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden
| | - Erik Ingelsson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Damiano Baldassarre
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy; Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
| | | | | | - Anders Hamsten
- Bruna Gigante Unit of Cardiovascular Medicine, Dept of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | | | - Jan Nilsson
- Yan Borne Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Olle Melander
- Yan Borne Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Engström
- Yan Borne Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Sweden
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