Cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 2 (CYP4F2) rs1558139, rs2108622 polymorphisms and susceptibility to several cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases

Coronary artery disease, its associations with ocular, genetic and blood lipid parameters

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES

To investigate the associations between ophthalmic parameters, CYP4F2 (rs2108622) and ABCA1 (rs1883025) polymorphisms and coronary artery disease, considering the accessibility, non-invasive origin of retinal examination and its possible resemblance to coronary arteries.

SUBJECTS/METHODS

Overall 165 participants divided into groups based on the coronary angiography results and clinical status: control group (N = 73), MI group (N = 63), 3VD (three vessel disease) (N = 24). All the participants underwent total ophthalmic examination - optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography of the macula region were performed and evaluated. Total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein and triglyceride cholesterol (Tg-C) were tested. A standard manufacturer's protocol for CYP4F2 (rs2108622) and ABCA1 (rs1883025) was used for genotyping with TaqMan probes.

RESULTS

GCL+ layer was thicker in control group vs. 3VD group (74.00; 62.67-94.67 (median; min.-max.) vs. 71.06; 51.33-78.44, p = 0.037). T allele carriers under ABCA1 rs1883025 dominant model were shown to have ticker retina and smaller foveal avascular zone in superficial capillary plexus and smaller Tg-C concentration. ABCA1 rs1883025 was associated with retinal thickness (OR = 0.575, 95% CI 0.348-0.948, p = 0.030). Univariate logistic regression showed that ABCA1 rs1883025 CT genotype is associated with decreased risk for coronary artery disease development under overdominant genetic model (OR = 0.498, 95% CI 0.254-0.976; p = 0.042) and codominant genetic model (OR = 0.468, 95% CI 0.232-0.945, p = 0.034).

CONCLUSIONS

Results of this study confirmed that non-invasive methods such as OCT of eye might be used for identification of patients at risk of CAD.

Genetic Variants of CYP4F2 Associated with Ischemic Stroke Susceptibility in the Han Population from Southern China

Background

The pathophysiological mechanism of ischemic stroke is complex. Traditional risk factors cannot fully or only partially explain the occurrence and development of IS. Genetic factors are getting more and more attention. Our study aimed to explore the association between CYP4F2 gene polymorphism and susceptibility to IS.

Methods

A total of 1322 volunteers were enrolled to perform an association analysis through SNPStats online software. Using FPRP (false-positive report probability) to detect whether the result is a noteworthy finding. The interaction of SNP-SNP in IS risk was assessed by multi-factor dimensionality reduction. Statistical analysis of this study was mainly completed by SPSS 22.0 software.

Results

Mutant allele "A" (OR = 1.24) and genotype "AA" (OR = 1.49) or "GA" (OR = 1.26) of CYP4F2-rs2108622 are risk genetic factors for IS. Rs2108622 is significantly associated with an increased risk of IS among subjects who are females, aging >60 years old, with BMI ≥24 kg/m², and smoking or drinking volunteers. CYP4F2-rs3093106 and -rs3093105 are associated with susceptibility to IS among smoking, drinking subjects, or IS patients complicated with hypertension.

Conclusion

CYP4F2-rs2108622, -rs3093106, and -rs3093105 are associated with an increased risk of IS.

Genetic polymorphisms in CYP4F2 may be associated with lung cancer risk among females and no-smoking Chinese population

Background

Our study aimed to explore the potential association of CYP4F2 gene polymorphisms with lung cancer (LC) risk.

Methods

The five variants in CYP4F2 were genotyped using Agena MassARRAY in 507 cases and 505 controls. Genetic models and haplotypes based on logistic regression analysis were used to evaluate the potential association between CYP4F2 polymorphisms and LC susceptibility.

Results

This study observed that rs12459936 was linked to an increased risk of LC in no-smoking participants (allele: OR = 1.38, p = 0.035; homozygote: OR = 2.00, p = 0.035; additive: OR = 1.40, p = 0.034) and females (allele: OR = 1.64, p = 0.002; homozygote: OR = 2.57, p = 0.006; heterozygous: OR = 2.56, p = 0.001; dominant: OR = 2.56, p < 0.002; additive: OR = 1.67, p = 0.002). Adversely, there was a significantly decreased LC risk for rs3093110 in no-smoking participants (heterozygous: OR = 0.56, p = 0.027; dominant: OR = 0.58, p = 0.035), rs3093193 (allele: OR = 0.66, p = 0.016; homozygote: OR = 0.33, p = 0.011; recessive: OR = 0.38, p = 0.021; additive: OR = 0.64, p = 0.014), rs3093144 (recessive: OR = 0.20, p = 0.045), and rs3093110 (allele: OR = 0.54, p = 0.010; heterozygous: OR = 0.50, p = 0.014; dominant: OR = 0.49, p = 0.010; additive: OR = 0.54, p = 0.011) in females.

Conclusions

The study demonstrated that CYP4F2 variants were associated with LC susceptibility, with evidence suggesting that this connection may be affected by gender and smoking status.

The association study between CYP20A1, CYP4F2, CYP2D6 gene polymorphisms and coronary heart disease risk in the Han population in southern China

BACKGROUND

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a disease that seriously harms human health. Genetic factors seriously affect the CHD susceptibility. The CYP20A1, CYP4F2 and CYP2D6 are important drug metabolism enzymes in the human body.

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to explore the association between CYP20A1, CYP4F2, CYP2D6 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and CHD risk in the Chinese Southern Han population.

METHODS

Based on the 'case-control' experimental design (505 cases and 508 controls), we conducted an association study between 5 candidate SNPs selected from CYP20A1 (rs2043449), CYP4F2 (rs2108622, rs3093106, rs309310), CYP2D6 (rs1065852) and CHD risk. Logistic regression was used to analyze the CHD susceptibility under different genetic models. Multi-factor dimensionality reduction (MDR) was used to analyze the interaction of 'SNP-SNP' in CHD risk.

RESULTS

Our results showed that under multiple genetic models, CYP2D6 rs1065852 significantly increased the CHD risk in these participants who are ≤ 60 years old (OR 1.40, CI 1.07-1.82, p = 0.013), smokers (OR 1.40, CI 1.02-1.93, p = 0.039), or have family history (OR 1.24, CI 1.02-1.51, p = 0.035). CYP4F2 SNPs rs2108622 (OR 0.63, CI 0.43-0.93, p = 0.020), rs3093106 (OR 0.52, CI 0.29-0.92, p = 0.023), and rs309310 (OR 0.55, CI 0.31-0.96, p = 0.033) were potentially associated with the course of CHD patients.

CONCLUSION

Our study found that CY2D6 rs1065852 has an outstanding and significant association with increased CHD risk. Our study provided data supplements for CHD genetic susceptibility loci, and also provided a new and valuable reference for CHD drug treatment.

A Systems Pharmacology Approach for Identifying the Multiple Mechanisms of Action for the Rougui-Fuzi Herb Pair in the Treatment of Cardiocerebral Vascular Diseases

Cardiocerebral vascular diseases (CCVDs) are the main reasons for high morbidity and mortality all over the world, including atherosclerosis, hypertension, myocardial infarction, stroke, and so on. Chinese herbs pair of the Cinnamomum cassia Presl (Chinese name, rougui) and the Aconitum carmichaelii Debx (Chinese name, fuzi) can be effective in CCVDs, which is recorded in the ancient classic book Shennong Bencao Jing, Mingyibielu and Thousand Golden Prescriptions. However, the active ingredients and the molecular mechanisms of rougui-fuzi in treatment of CCVDs are still unclear. This study was designed to apply a system pharmacology approach to reveal the molecular mechanisms of the rougui-fuzi anti-CCVDs. The 163 candidate compounds were retrieved from Traditional Chinese Medicine System Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP). And 84 potential active compounds and the corresponding 42 targets were obtained from systematic model. The underlying mechanisms of the therapeutic effect for rougui-fuzi were investigated with gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis. Then, component-target-disease (C-T-D) and target-pathway (T-P) networks were constructed to further dissect the core pathways, potential targets, and active compounds in treatment of CCVDs for rougui-fuzi. We also constituted protein-protein in interaction (PPI) network by the reflect target protein of the crucial pathways against CCVDs. As a result, 21 key compounds, 8 key targets, and 3 key pathways were obtained for rougui-fuzi. Afterwards, molecular docking was performed to validate the reliability of the interactions between some compounds and their corresponding targets. Finally, UPLC-Q-Exactive-MS^E and GC-MS/MS were analyzed to detect the active ingredients of rougui-fuzi. Our results may provide a new approach to clarify the molecular mechanisms of Chinese herb pair in treatment with CCVDs at a systematic level.

Association Between the CYP4F2 Gene rs1558139 and rs2108622 Polymorphisms and Hypertension: A Meta-Analysis

Objective: To investigate the association between the CYP4F2 gene rs1558139 and rs2108622 polymorphisms and hypertension. Materials and Methods: In this meta-analysis, we searched databases for case-control studies published before May 2018 examining the associations between two polymorphic sites of the CYP4F2 gene (rs1558139 and rs2108622) and hypertension. The fixed or random effects model chosen was selected according to the heterogeneity of the studies to calculate the pooled odds ratios (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results: Six articles in total were analyzed in this study; three investigated the rs1558139 polymorphism and six investigated the rs2108622 polymorphism. The pooled OR and 95% CI using the dominant model for rs1558139, and both the homozygous model and the recessive model of rs2108622 were statistically significant giving values of 0.83 (0.71-0.96), 0.83 (0.71-0.98), and 1.24 (1.07-1.44), respectively. The pooled OR and 95% CI of the rs1558139 polymorphism in the subgroup analysis based on gender were 1.25 (1.08-1.45) and 0.98 (0.85-1.13), whereas the results for the rs2108622 polymorphism were 1.03 (0.86-1.24) and 0.91 (0.72-1.14). Conclusion: Our meta-analysis demonstrates that the rs1558139 and rs2108622 single nucleotide polymorphisms of the CYP4F2 gene are associated with hypertension, with a particularly strong link between the rs1558139 polymorphism in males.

Genetic role of CYP4A11 polymorphisms in the risk of developing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases

BACKGROUND

We are interested in comprehensively evaluating the potential genetic influence of rs9332978 A/G, rs1126742 T/C, and rs9333025 G/A polymorphisms of CYP4A11 (cytochrome P450 family 4, subfamily A, member 11) in the risk of developing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

METHODS

A meta-analysis was carried out using articles obtained from online databases and Stata/SE 12.0 software. We primarily used a P value of association test (P_association ) and odds ratios (OR) to assess the genetic relationships.

RESULTS

We included 22 eligible case-control articles for our meta-analysis. For the overall meta-analysis of the rs9332978 A/G polymorphism, there was an increased risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in cases under the models of allele G vs. A (P_association  = 0.001, OR = 1.16), AG vs. AA (P_association  < 0.001, OR = 1.22), and AG+GG vs. AA (P_association  < 0.001, OR = 1.22) compared with the controls. There were similar results in the subgroup analysis of "hypertension" (P_association  = 0.024 for the allele model; P_association  = 0.003 for the heterozygote model; and P_association  = 0.005 for the dominant model). For rs1126742, there was a significant difference between cases and controls in the overall meta-analysis and subgroup of "Caucasian," "hypertension," and "population-based (PB)" under all of the genetic models (all P_association  < 0.05, OR > 1). Furthermore, a decreased risk was detected in the overall and "PB" subgroup meta-analysis of rs9333025 under the models of A vs. G, AA vs. GG, and AA vs. GG+GA (all P_association  < 0.05, OR < 1).

CONCLUSION

The rs1126742 T/C polymorphism of CYP4A11 is more likely to be a genetic risk factor for the hypertension cases in the Caucasian population. Moreover, whereas the AG genotype of CYP4A11 rs9332978 may be associated with an increased risk of hypertension, the AA genotype of rs9333025 may be linked to a decreased risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

Pharmacogenetic studies with oral anticoagulants. Genome-wide association studies in vitamin K antagonist and direct oral anticoagulants

Oral anticoagulants (OAs) are the recommended drugs to prevent cardiovascular events and recurrence in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and cardioembolic stroke. We conducted a literature search to review the current state of OAs pharmacogenomics, focusing on Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAs) in patients treated with vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) and direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs).

VKAs: Warfarin, acenocoumarol, fluindione and phenprocoumon have long been used, but their interindividual variability and narrow therapeutic/safety ratio makes their dosage difficult. GWAs have been useful in finding genetic variants associated with VKAs response. The main genes involved in VKAs pharmacogenetics are: VKORC1, CYP2C19 and CYP4F2. Variants in these genes have been included in pharmacogenetic algorithms to predict the VKAs dose individually in each patient depending on their genotype and clinical variables.

DOACs: Dabigatran, apixaban, rivaroxaban and edoxaban have been approved for patients with AF. They have stable pharmacokinetics and do not require routine blood checks, thus avoiding most of the drawbacks of VKAs. Except for a GWAs performed in patients treated with dabigatran, there is no Genome Wide pharmacogenomics data for DOACs. Pharmacogenomics could be useful to predict the better clinical response and avoid adverse events in patients treated with anticoagulants, identifying the most appropriate anticoagulant drug for each patient. Current pharmacogenomics data show that the polymorphisms affecting VKAs or DOACs are different, concluding that personalized medicine based on pharmacogenomics could be possible. However, more studies are required to implement personalized medicine in clinical practice with OA and based on pharmacogenetics of DOACs.