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Ma X, Zhuo Y, Huang Y, He P, Huang Z, Jiang L, Tong L, Yao X, Wen X, Zhong X, Yang S, Li C, Liu Y, Zhang Z. Reduced Diversities and Clonally Expanded Sequences of T-Cell Receptors in Patients With Essential Hypertension and Subclinical Carotid Atherosclerosis. Hypertension 2023; 80:2318-2329. [PMID: 37551594 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.123.21112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has long been hypothesized that the abnormal immune responses contribute to the essential hypertension (EH) and its subclinical target organ damage (STOD). However, the mechanism is unclear. This study aimed at exploring the potential association with abnormal T-cell responses and EH, STOD, and early atherosclerosis in patients with EH. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 146 patients with EH and 73 age-matched normotensive individuals. The expressed peripheral TCR (T-cell receptor) β repertoire was analyzed by high through-put sequencing. RESULTS The TCRβ repertoires of the patients with EH were significantly different, with significantly elevated certain TCR beta variable (TRBV) and joint (TRBJ) gene usages, significantly reduced TCRβ diversity indexes (diversity 50s) and numbers of total TCRβ clonal types, significantly elevated percentages of the biggest TCRβ clones and numbers of clones accounting >0.1% sequences, compared with those in the normotensive controls. Decreased diversity 50s and increased biggest TCRβ clone percentages were independently correlated with carotid intima-media thickness and subclinical carotid atherosclerosis (SCA) in the patients with EH. Moreover, the diversity 50s were further significantly reduced and the biggest TCRβ clone percentages were significantly increased in the patients with EH with SCA (n=89) comparing to the patients with EH/patients without SCA (n=57), and in patients with EH/SCA with carotid plaque (n=22) comparing to patients with EH/SCA/patients without carotid plaque (n=67). Importantly, specific TCRβ clones were identified in different subgroups of the patients with EH. CONCLUSIONS These results reveal that abnormal T-cell responses may play important roles in the progression of EH and its SCA, especially the formation of carotid plaque. REGISTRATION URL: https://www.chictr.org.cn; Unique identifier: ChiCTR2100054414.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiang Ma
- Department of Health Management & Institute of Health Management, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan (X.M., Y.Z., Y.H., Z.H., L.J., L.T., X.Y., Y.L., Z.Z.)
| | - Yue Zhuo
- Department of Health Management & Institute of Health Management, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan (X.M., Y.Z., Y.H., Z.H., L.J., L.T., X.Y., Y.L., Z.Z.)
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Health Management & Institute of Health Management, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan (X.M., Y.Z., Y.H., Z.H., L.J., L.T., X.Y., Y.L., Z.Z.)
| | - Pengming He
- Chengdu ExAb Biotechnology LTD, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (P.H., X.W., X.Z., S.Y., C.L.)
| | - Zhaoyi Huang
- Department of Health Management & Institute of Health Management, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan (X.M., Y.Z., Y.H., Z.H., L.J., L.T., X.Y., Y.L., Z.Z.)
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Health Management & Institute of Health Management, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan (X.M., Y.Z., Y.H., Z.H., L.J., L.T., X.Y., Y.L., Z.Z.)
| | - Luyao Tong
- Department of Health Management & Institute of Health Management, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan (X.M., Y.Z., Y.H., Z.H., L.J., L.T., X.Y., Y.L., Z.Z.)
| | - Xiaoqin Yao
- Department of Health Management & Institute of Health Management, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan (X.M., Y.Z., Y.H., Z.H., L.J., L.T., X.Y., Y.L., Z.Z.)
| | - Xueping Wen
- Chengdu ExAb Biotechnology LTD, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (P.H., X.W., X.Z., S.Y., C.L.)
| | - Xuemei Zhong
- Chengdu ExAb Biotechnology LTD, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (P.H., X.W., X.Z., S.Y., C.L.)
| | - Shihan Yang
- Chengdu ExAb Biotechnology LTD, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (P.H., X.W., X.Z., S.Y., C.L.)
| | - Changqiong Li
- Chengdu ExAb Biotechnology LTD, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (P.H., X.W., X.Z., S.Y., C.L.)
| | - Yuping Liu
- Department of Health Management & Institute of Health Management, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan (X.M., Y.Z., Y.H., Z.H., L.J., L.T., X.Y., Y.L., Z.Z.)
| | - Zhixin Zhang
- Department of Health Management & Institute of Health Management, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan (X.M., Y.Z., Y.H., Z.H., L.J., L.T., X.Y., Y.L., Z.Z.)
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Hinkley H, Counts DA, VonCanon E, Lacy M. T Cells in Atherosclerosis: Key Players in the Pathogenesis of Vascular Disease. Cells 2023; 12:2152. [PMID: 37681883 PMCID: PMC10486666 DOI: 10.3390/cells12172152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the accumulation of lipid-rich plaques within arterial walls. T cells play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in which they help orchestrate immune responses and contribute to plaque development and instability. Here, we discuss the recognition of atherosclerosis-related antigens that may trigger T cell activation together with additional signaling from co-stimulatory molecules and lesional cytokines. Although few studies have indicated candidates for the antigen specificity of T cells in atherosclerosis, further research is needed. Furthermore, we describe the pro-atherogenic and atheroprotective roles of diverse subsets of T cells such as CD4+ helper, CD8+ cytotoxic, invariant natural killer, and γδ T cells. To classify and quantify T cell subsets in atherosclerosis, we summarize current methods to analyze cellular heterogeneity including single cell RNA sequencing and T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing. Further insights into T cell biology will help shed light on the immunopathology of atherosclerosis, inform potential therapeutic interventions, and pave the way for precision medicine approaches in combating cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Michael Lacy
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
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Weng R, Liu S, Gu X, Zhong Z. Characterization of the B cell receptor repertoire of patients with acute coronary syndrome. Genes Genomics 2021; 44:19-28. [PMID: 33974240 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-021-01110-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a complex cardiovascular disease whose development involves the dysregulation of adaptive immune responses. Though it has been proven that T cells associate with inflammation in the development of ACS, the function of B cells in disease remains unclear. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to reveal the diversity of the B cell receptor (BCR) repertoire of patients with ACS. METHODS We conducted a pilot study to sequence the immune repertoire of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with ACS, including acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and unstable angina (UA), and quantitatively characterized BCR repertoires by bioinformatics analysis. RESULTS We found that patients with AMI and UA had lower BCR repertoire diversity compared with controls with normal coronary arteries (NCA). Lower percentages of productive unique BCR nt sequences and higher percentages of top 200 unique BCR sequences were identified in AMI and UA patients than NCA controls. Patients had various preferential usage of V and J genes from B cell clones in accordance with the disease severity of coronary arteries. AMI patients had distinct CDR3 amino acids, and their frequency differed among patients with ACS. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that differential BCR signatures represent an imprint of distinct repertoires among ACS patients. This study thereby opens up the prospect of studying disease-relevant B cells to better understand and treat ACS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqiang Weng
- Center for Precision Medicine, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University, No. 63 Huangtang Road, Meijiang District, Meizhou, 514031, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Meizhou, 514031, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Clinical Translational Research of Hakka Population, Meizhou, 514031, People's Republic of China
| | - Sudong Liu
- Center for Precision Medicine, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University, No. 63 Huangtang Road, Meijiang District, Meizhou, 514031, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Meizhou, 514031, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Clinical Translational Research of Hakka Population, Meizhou, 514031, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Gu
- Center for Precision Medicine, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University, No. 63 Huangtang Road, Meijiang District, Meizhou, 514031, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Meizhou, 514031, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Clinical Translational Research of Hakka Population, Meizhou, 514031, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhixiong Zhong
- Center for Precision Medicine, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University, No. 63 Huangtang Road, Meijiang District, Meizhou, 514031, People's Republic of China.
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Meizhou, 514031, People's Republic of China.
- Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University, Meizhou, 514031, People's Republic of China.
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