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Carrera-Bastos P, Fontes-Villalba M, Ahrén B, Lindblad U, Råstam L, Frostegård J, Åkerfeldt T, Granfeldt Y, Sundquist K, Jönsson T. Total adiponectin in indigenous Melanesians on Kitava. Am J Hum Biol 2024:e24134. [PMID: 38989782 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.24134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Experimental and small human studies have indicated that high total adiponectin levels have beneficial cardiometabolic effects. In contrast, however, high total adiponectin levels are also associated with higher all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in thoroughly adjusted epidemiological studies. To gain further insight into these seemingly contradictory results, we report results on total adiponectin from the indigenous Melanesian population of Kitava, Trobriand Islands, Papua New Guinea, where an apparent absence of cardiometabolic disease has been previously reported. METHODS Fasting levels of serum total adiponectin were measured cross-sectionally in ≥40-year-old Kitavans (n = 102) and Swedish controls matched for age and sex (n = 108). Multivariable linear regression was used for the analysis of associations with total adiponectin when controlled for group, sex, smoking, hypertension and/or type 2 diabetes, age, and body mass index. RESULTS Total adiponectin was lower for Kitavans compared to Swedish controls (Median [Mdn] 4.6 μg/mL, range 1.0-206 μg/mL and Mdn 9.7 μg/mL, range 3.1-104 μg/mL, respectively, r = .64, p < .001). Lower total adiponectin was associated with Kitavan group, male sex (only in Swedish controls), smoking (only in Kitavans and Swedish controls combined), younger age (not in Swedish controls), higher BMI, lower total, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (only in Kitavans and Swedish controls combined), and non-HDL cholesterol, and higher anti-PC IgG (only in Kitavans and Swedish controls combined). CONCLUSION Total adiponectin in Kitavans was significantly lower than in Swedish controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Carrera-Bastos
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Maelán Fontes-Villalba
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Bo Ahrén
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ulf Lindblad
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Lennart Råstam
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Johan Frostegård
- IMM, Karolinska Institute, Unit of Immunology and chronic disease, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Torbjörn Åkerfeldt
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yvonne Granfeldt
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Kristina Sundquist
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- University Clinic Primary Care Skåne, Region Skåne, Sweden
| | - Tommy Jönsson
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- University Clinic Primary Care Skåne, Region Skåne, Sweden
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Luo C, Zhang R, Liu J, He X, Li S, Ran C, Ma S, Shen Y. A One Step Strategy Based on Hollow Gold Nanoparticles to Detect C-Reactive Protein with High Sensitivity (Hs-CRP) in Serum for Monitoring Cardiovascular Disease. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:845-858. [PMID: 38293607 PMCID: PMC10825586 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s436391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Rapid detection and diagnosis of diseases facilitate timely and effective treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The establishment of a one-step rapid detection method provides a new method for the initial screening and disease risk assessment of patients with cardiovascular diseases in primary medical units. Methods Hollow gold nanoparticles (HGNPs) were synthesized using a cobalt template method followed by use as signal amplification probes for ultra-sensitive quantitative detection of serum C-reactive protein (CRP). To induce the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) and improve protein labeling efficiency, we developed a sensitive detection mode by coating polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP-K30) on the HGNPs, resulting in a significant improvement in detection performance. Results Compared to traditional colloidal GNP-based LFTA, PVP-coated HGNPs exhibit a lower visual detection limit of 1 ng/mL, which a 25-fold decrement compare to using GNPs as the antibody-labeled probe, and the detection limit could be reduced to 0.14 ng/mL under the quantitative instrument. Conclusion The one-step method based on HGNP immunochromatographic strips modified with PVP established in this study can be used for the detection of CRP and hs-CRP in biological samples. The performance of the immunochromatographic technique designed in this study was evaluated from the perspective of synthetic markers, and the application conditions of this strip were screened, verifying its high specificity, indicating that it has high sensitivity and strong detection limit compared to colloidal gold. The sensitivity of the hollow gold immunochromatographic test strip in this article has been increased by about 25 times, providing a new method for rapid detection of CVD in clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyou Luo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruiqing Zhang
- Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ji Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingyue He
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shengzhou Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuanjiang Ran
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Songbo Ma
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Taizhou People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, 225300, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211100, People’s Republic of China
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Valenzuela PL, Carrera-Bastos P, Castillo-García A, Lieberman DE, Santos-Lozano A, Lucia A. Obesity and the risk of cardiometabolic diseases. Nat Rev Cardiol 2023; 20:475-494. [PMID: 36927772 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-023-00847-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity has reached pandemic proportions, and now approximately 25% of adults in Westernized countries have obesity. Recognized as a major health concern, obesity is associated with multiple comorbidities, particularly cardiometabolic disorders. In this Review, we present obesity as an evolutionarily novel condition, summarize the epidemiological evidence on its detrimental cardiometabolic consequences and discuss the major mechanisms involved in the association between obesity and the risk of cardiometabolic diseases. We also examine the role of potential moderators of this association, with evidence for and against the so-called 'metabolically healthy obesity phenotype', the 'fatness but fitness' paradox or the 'obesity paradox'. Although maintenance of optimal cardiometabolic status should be a primary goal in individuals with obesity, losing body weight and, particularly, excess visceral adiposity seems to be necessary to minimize the risk of cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro L Valenzuela
- Physical Activity and Health Research Group (PaHerg), Research Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre ("i + 12"), Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain.
| | - Pedro Carrera-Bastos
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Daniel E Lieberman
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alejandro Santos-Lozano
- Physical Activity and Health Research Group (PaHerg), Research Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre ("i + 12"), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Health Sciences, European University Miguel de Cervantes, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Lucia
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain.
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Obesity and Leptin Resistance in the Regulation of the Type I Interferon Early Response and the Increased Risk for Severe COVID-19. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14071388. [PMID: 35406000 PMCID: PMC9002648 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity, and obesity-associated conditions such as hypertension, chronic kidney disease, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, are important risk factors for severe Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). The common denominator is metaflammation, a portmanteau of metabolism and inflammation, which is characterized by chronically elevated levels of leptin and pro-inflammatory cytokines. These induce the “Suppressor Of Cytokine Signaling 1 and 3” (SOCS1/3), which deactivates the leptin receptor and also other SOCS1/3 sensitive cytokine receptors in immune cells, impairing the type I and III interferon early responses. By also upregulating SOCS1/3, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 adds a significant boost to this. The ensuing consequence is a delayed but over-reactive immune response, characterized by high-grade inflammation (e.g., cytokine storm), endothelial damage, and hypercoagulation, thus leading to severe COVID-19. Superimposing an acute disturbance, such as a SARS-CoV-2 infection, on metaflammation severely tests resilience. In the long run, metaflammation causes the “typical western” conditions associated with metabolic syndrome. Severe COVID-19 and other serious infectious diseases can be added to the list of its short-term consequences. Therefore, preventive measures should include not only vaccination and the well-established actions intended to avoid infection, but also dietary and lifestyle interventions aimed at improving body composition and preventing or reversing metaflammation.
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