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Tavilla G, Islam MA, Malhotra A, Reddy RC, Beckles DL. Predominant Use of Bilateral Internal Mammary Arteries in Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery. Am J Cardiol 2024; 225:134-141. [PMID: 38885919 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2024.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Bilateral internal mammary artery (BIMA) in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) has been shown to provide long-term clinical benefits over single internal mammary artery (SIMA) grafting. Nevertheless, the perceived technical complexity of the procedure and concerns about potential early postoperative complications, particularly, sternal wound infections, have led to a utilization rate of BIMA grafting of less than 5% in the United States. We systematically compared early (30-day) postoperative outcomes between the BIMA and SIMA cohorts in patients with similar baseline characteristics. A retrospective single-center study was conducted on matched patients, using stabilized inverse probability treatment weighting to mitigate bias between the 2 study cohorts. From 546 patients who underwent off-pump CABG initially identified, we examined 328 BIMA and 213 SIMA grafts from the matched samples. Despite using 60.4% BIMA grafts, we observed similar rates of 30-day overall and cardiac mortality between the BIMA and SIMA groups. The rates of 30-day postoperative complications, including superficial and deep sternal wound infections, stroke, sepsis, acute kidney injury, and cardiac arrest, were similar between the 2 groups. The rates of 30-day overall and cardiac readmission were also similar. In addition, the median length of hospital stays, intensive care unit stay, and ventilation times were similar between the 2 groups. In conclusion, our data suggest that a BIMA utilization rate of 60.4% in off-pump CABG procedures is achievable without causing any significant increment in early postoperative complications, including deep sternal wound infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Tavilla
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Baylor Scott & White Medical Center Temple, Texas
| | - Md Anamul Islam
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Baylor Scott & White Medical Center Temple, Texas.
| | - Amber Malhotra
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Baylor Scott & White Medical Center Temple, Texas
| | - Ramachandra C Reddy
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Baylor Scott & White Medical Center Temple, Texas
| | - Daniel L Beckles
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Baylor Scott & White Medical Center Temple, Texas
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Adineh HA, Hoseini K, Zareban I, Jalali A, Nazemipour M, Mansournia MA. Comparison of outcomes between off-pump and on-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery using collaborative targeted maximum likelihood estimation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11373. [PMID: 38762564 PMCID: PMC11102550 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61846-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
There are some discrepancies about the superiority of the off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery over the conventional cardiopulmonary bypass (on-pump). The aim of this study was estimating risk ratio of mortality in the off-pump coronary bypass compared with the on-pump using a causal model known as collaborative targeted maximum likelihood estimation (C-TMLE). The data of the Tehran Heart Cohort study from 2007 to 2020 was used. A collaborative targeted maximum likelihood estimation and targeted maximum likelihood estimation, and propensity score (PS) adjustment methods were used to estimate causal risk ratio adjusting for the minimum sufficient set of confounders, and the results were compared. Among 24,883 participants (73.6% male), 5566 patients died during an average of 8.2 years of follow-up. The risk ratio estimates (95% confidence intervals) by unadjusted log-binomial regression model, PS adjustment, TMLE, and C-TMLE methods were 0.86 (0.78-0.95), 0.88 (0.80-0.97), 0.88 (0.80-0.97), and 0.87(0.85-0.89), respectively. This study provides evidence for a protective effect of off-pump surgery on mortality risk for up to 8 years in diabetic and non-diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Ali Adineh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kaveh Hoseini
- Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Cardiac Primary Prevention Research Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Iraj Zareban
- Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Arash Jalali
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Nazemipour
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Mansournia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Ushioda R, Hirofuji A, Yoongtong D, Sakboon B, Cheewinmethasiri J, Kamiya H, Arayawudhikul N. Off-pump minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with left ventricular dysfunction: the lampang experience. Front Surg 2024; 11:1324343. [PMID: 38313413 PMCID: PMC10834662 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2024.1324343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The minimally invasive cardiac surgery off-pump coronary artery bypass (MICSOPCAB) is technically difficult; therefore, previous studies have indicated that MICSOPCAB should be contraindicated in patients with impaired left ventricular (LV) function. In this study, we investigated the feasibility of MICSOPCAB in patients with impaired LV function. Methods The 226 patients underwent MICSOPCAB between August 2017 and September 2022. Our study defined impaired LV function as ejection fraction (EF) in echocardiography 40% or less. The patients were divided into Low EF group (n = 39) and Normal EF group (n = 187). Results The Low EF group was in a more critical preoperative condition than Normal EF group (41.0% in the Low EF group vs. 14.4% in the Normal EF group; p < 0.001). For preoperative transthoracic echocardiography, LV end-diastolic diameter (5.5 ± 0.9 cm in the Low EF group vs. 5.0 ± 0.8 cm in the Normal EF group; p < 0.001) and LV end-systolic diameter (4.4 ± 1.0 cm in the Low EF group vs. 3.4 ± 1.0 cm in the Normal EF group; p < 0.001) were significantly larger in the Low EF group. No differences were found in the operative time (180 [160-240] min in the Low EF group vs. 205 [165-253] min in the Normal EF group; p = 0.231) and the median number of distal anastomoses (2 [1-2] in the Low EF group vs. 2 [1-3] in the Normal EF group; p = 0.073). Intensive care unit stay was longer in the Low EF group than in the Normal EF group (2 [1-2] in the Low EF group vs. 1 [1-2] in the Normal EF group; p = 0.010). Perioperative transfusion was more common in the Low EF group than in the Normal EF group (69.7% vs. 49.2%; p = 0.023). There were no differences in major complications, hospital stay, and 30-day mortality. The Kaplan-Meier curve showed no significant difference in postoperative major adverse cardiac or cerebrovascular events rates between the two groups (p = 0.185). Conclusion In this study, MICSOPCAB can be performed in patients with low EF having short- and mid-term outcomes similar to patients with normal EF. Therefore, low EF should not be contraindicated in MICSOPCAB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryohei Ushioda
- Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, Lampang Hospital, Lampang, Thailand
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Aina Hirofuji
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Dit Yoongtong
- Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, Lampang Hospital, Lampang, Thailand
| | - Boonsap Sakboon
- Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, Lampang Hospital, Lampang, Thailand
| | - Jaroen Cheewinmethasiri
- Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, Lampang Hospital, Lampang, Thailand
| | - Hiroyuki Kamiya
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Nuttapon Arayawudhikul
- Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, Lampang Hospital, Lampang, Thailand
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Thuan PQ, Chuong PTV, Nam NH, Dinh NH. Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery: Evidence-Based Practice. Cardiol Rev 2023:00045415-990000000-00183. [PMID: 38112423 DOI: 10.1097/crd.0000000000000621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery remains a pivotal cornerstone, offering established symptomatic alleviation and prognostic advantages for patients grappling with complex multivessel and left main coronary artery diseases. Despite the lucid guidance laid out by contemporary guidelines regarding the choice between CABG and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), a notable hesitation persists among certain patients, characterized by psychological reservations, knowledge gaps, or individual beliefs that sway their inclination toward surgical intervention. This comprehensive review critically synthesizes the prevailing guidelines, modern practices, and outcomes pertaining to CABG surgery, delving into an array of techniques and advancements poised to enhance both short-term and enduring surgical outcomes. The exploration encompasses advances in on-pump and off-pump procedures, conduit selection strategies encompassing the bilateral utilization of internal mammary artery and radial artery conduits, meticulous graft evaluation methodologies, and the panorama of minimally invasive approaches, including those assisted by robotic technology. Furthermore, the review navigates the terrain of hybrid coronary revascularization, shedding light on the pivotal roles of shared decision-making and the heart team in shaping treatment pathways. As a comprehensive compendium, this review not only navigates the intricate landscape of CABG surgery but also aligns it with contemporary practices, envisioning its trajectory within the evolving currents of healthcare dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phan Quang Thuan
- From the Department of Adult Cardiovascular Surgery, University Medical Center, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Pham Tran Viet Chuong
- From the Department of Adult Cardiovascular Surgery, University Medical Center, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Hoai Nam
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Hoang Dinh
- From the Department of Adult Cardiovascular Surgery, University Medical Center, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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Nomali M, Heidari ME, Ayati A, Moghaddam K, Mosallami S, Khosravi A, Rafiei M, Riahinokandeh G, Yadegari M, Nomali M, Taheriyan M, Roshandel G. Risk factors of in-hospital mortality for isolated on-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery in the northeast of Iran from 2007 to 2016. Ir J Med Sci 2023; 192:3029-3037. [PMID: 36763195 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-023-03298-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery is the most common cardiac surgery worldwide. The reported mortality rates for this operation vary greatly. We aimed to determine the risk factors of in-hospital mortality for isolated on-pump CABG surgery. METHODS This was a large-scale retrospective cohort study of two heart centers in Golestan province. Patients over the age of 18 from both genders who underwent isolated on-pump CABG procedures from 2007 to 2016 were included. The study outcome was in-hospital mortality, which was determined according to the clinical records of study patients. RESULTS A total of 3704 patients were included in the study, and 63% were men. In-hospital mortality occurred in 2.8% (n=103) of the patients. The median (IQR) age of survived and not-survived patients were 59 (53-65) and 62 (55-75) years, respectively. 44% of the mortalities occurred in patients older than 65, while 28% of the survivors were older than 65. Multivariable logistic regression indicated that emergency CABG (OR 4.52, 95% CI, 1.45, 14.02; P = 0.009) and cardiopulmonary bypass time (CPB) (OR 1.004, 95% CI 1.001, 1.008; P = 0.034) were the risk factors of in-hospital mortality. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) of the model consisting of operative and preoperative variables was 0.70 (acceptable performance). CONCLUSION Our study revealed an acceptable mortality proportion for CABG surgeries conducted in the region. Emergency CABG and CPB time were the main risk factors for in-hospital mortality after CABG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahin Nomali
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Eghbal Heidari
- Student Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aryan Ayati
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Keyvan Moghaddam
- Supervisory Department, Kordkuy Amiralmomenin Hospital, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Soheil Mosallami
- Open Heart Intensive Care Unit, Kordkuy Amiralmomenin Hospital, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Afifeh Khosravi
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mona Rafiei
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamali Riahinokandeh
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Sayyad Shirazi Hospital, Kordkuy Amiralmomenin Hospital, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Yadegari
- Bandar-E Gaz Shohada Hospital, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mahdis Nomali
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Alejalil Hospital, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Moloud Taheriyan
- Department of Health Information Management, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Roshandel
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
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Ibrahim RZ, Joyo EO. Intensive care unit length of stay and mortality comparison between on-pump and off-pump coronary artery bypass graft: a retrospective study. Egypt Heart J 2023; 75:48. [PMID: 37306794 DOI: 10.1186/s43044-023-00374-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) techniques, both on-pump (ONCABG) and off-pump (OPCABG), were compared to seek the most effective approach to reduce the cost of prolonged intensive care unit length of stay (ICU LOS) and mortality. This study aims to compare ICU LOS and mortality in ONCABG and OPCABG. RESULTS Demographic data of 1569 patients show the variance of characteristics. The analysis shows significant and longer ICU LOS in OPCABG than ONCABG (2.151 ± 0.100 vs. 1.573 ± 0.246 days; p = 0.028). Similar results were demonstrated after adjustment of covariates effects (3.146 ± 0.281 vs. 2.548 ± 0.245 days; p = 0,022). Logistic regression shows no significant difference in mortality in OPCABG and ONCABG, both in the unadjusted (OR [CI 95%] 1.133 [0.485-2.800]; p = 0.733) and the adjusted models (OR [CI 95%] 1.133 [0.482-2.817]; p = 0,735). CONCLUSION ICU LOS was significantly longer in OPCABG patients than in ONCABG patients in the author's centre. There was no significant difference in mortality between the two groups. This finding highlights a discrepancy between recently published theories and the practices observed in the author's centre.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Zahara Ibrahim
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita, Letjen S. Parman Kav 87 Slipi, West Jakarta, Jakarta, 11420, Indonesia
| | - Ericko Ongko Joyo
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita, Letjen S. Parman Kav 87 Slipi, West Jakarta, Jakarta, 11420, Indonesia.
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Karabdic IH, Straus S, Granov N, Hadzimehmedagic A, Berberovic B, Kabil E, Djedovic M, Kurtagic D. Off pump Versus On pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: Short-term Outcomes. Acta Inform Med 2023; 31:107-110. [PMID: 37711485 PMCID: PMC10498367 DOI: 10.5455/aim.2023.31.107-110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major public health issue and a leading cause of death globally. It is one of the most common indications for surgical intervention. There are a lot of different techniques, including CABG, which consists of two approaches: sternotomy and mini-thoracotomy. Different techniques have been developed to improve surgical outcomes, including the use of machine for extracorporal circulation (on-pump) or without it (off-pump). Objective The objective of this study was to assess whether off-pump CABG offers superior short-term outcomes compared to traditional on-pump CABG in patients undergoing isolated CABG.. Methods In period between 2022 - 2023, we performed CABG operation in 80 patients. CABG was performed either on- pump or off-pump. Results The results have shown advantages and disadvantages of one or another type of CABG. We were comparing the duration of surgical procedure, time on mechanical ventilation, drainage volume, neurological incidents, time to discharge, indication for repeat revascularization and mortality between two groups. Conclusion The choice of surgical technique should be based on individual patient factors, including comorbidities and surgical risks. It is important to say that OPCABG is more challenging than ONCABG, and it is very important that OPCABG is done by skilled, experienced and confident surgeon, which contributes to better outcome and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Slavenka Straus
- Clinic for Cardivascular Surgery, Clinical Center of University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Nermir Granov
- Clinic for Cardivascular Surgery, Clinical Center of University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Amel Hadzimehmedagic
- Clinic for Cardivascular Surgery, Clinical Center of University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Behija Berberovic
- Clinic for Cardivascular Surgery, Clinical Center of University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Edin Kabil
- Clinic for Cardivascular Surgery, Clinical Center of University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Muhamed Djedovic
- Clinic for Cardivascular Surgery, Clinical Center of University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Damir Kurtagic
- Clinic for Cardivascular Surgery, Clinical Center of University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Zhang RJZ, Yu XY, Wang J, Lv J, Yu MH, Wang L, Liu ZG. Comparison of in-hospital outcomes after coronary artery bypass graft surgery in elders and younger patients: a multicenter retrospective study. J Cardiothorac Surg 2023; 18:53. [PMID: 36726146 PMCID: PMC9893615 DOI: 10.1186/s13019-023-02163-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to identify in-hospital outcomes in young (≤ 65 years) and old (> 65 years) patients after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) by analyzing the effect of age on adverse events after on-pump or off-pump CABG. METHODS Patients older than 65 years were defined as older patients and others were defined as younger patients. The qualitative data were compared by chi-square or Fisher's exact tests. The quantitative data were compared by the two-sample independent t-test or Mann-Whitney U test. Multifactor binary logistic regression was used to control for confounders and to investigate the effect of age on dichotomous outcome variables such as death. RESULTS In the on-pump CABG population, the postoperative in-hospital mortality, the incidence of postoperative symptomatic cerebral infarction (POSCI) and postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) was higher in older patients than in younger patients (P value < 0.05), and age > 65 years was associated with postoperative in-hospital mortality (OR = 2.370, P value = 0.031), POSCI (OR = 5.033, P value = 0.013), and POAF (OR = 1.499, P value < 0.001). In the off-pump CABG population, the incidence of POAF was higher in older patients than in younger patients (P value < 0.05), and age > 65 years was associated with POAF (OR = 1.392, P value = 0.011). CONCLUSION In-hospital outcomes after CABG are strongly influenced by age. In on-pump CABG, the risk of postoperative death, POSCI, and POAF was higher in older patients, and in off-pump CABG, the risk of POAF was higher in older patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Jian-Zhi Zhang
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 61, Third Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin-Yi Yu
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 61, Third Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Wang
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jian Lv
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanyang Central Hospital, Nanyang, China
| | - Ming-Huan Yu
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 61, Third Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Wang
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Liu
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 61, Third Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin, China
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