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Kaur J, Farooqi H, Chandra K, Panda BP. Predicting the bioactive compounds of Lentinula edodes and elucidating its interaction with genes associated to obesity through network pharmacology and in-vitro cell-based assay. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27363. [PMID: 38495166 PMCID: PMC10940914 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Mushrooms are traditionally used for various medicinal purposes in traditional oriental medicine. The Japanese and Chinese are familiar with the medicinal macro fungus Lentinula edodes (Shiitake mushroom). This study aims to evaluate the role of chemical compounds from L. edodes using network pharmacology and in-vitro studies for management of Obesity. Bioactive compounds in extracts of L. edodes were identified by GC-MS analysis. Compounds were later screened for their drug-like property by Lipinski's rule. In addition, public databases (SEA, STP, Omim and DisGenet) were searched to identify genes associated with selected molecules and obesity, as well as genes that overlap obesity target genes with genes related to L. edodes. Additionally, analysis was performed using Enrichr KG to predict the disease targets of L. edodes. Finally, network was constructed between the overlapping genes and bioactive molecules using Rstudio. Further in-vitro studies were carried out using 3T3-L1 cell line. The genes related to the selected compounds and obesity were identified and overlapped. The disease targets of L. edodes was predicted by enrichment analysis and was found to be linked to obesity. Furthermore, the hub gene was found to be fatty acid amide hydrolase, and the key bioactive compound was hexadecanoic acid methyl ester. The in-vitro cell culture studies confirmed the inhibition of adipogenesis in mushroom extract-treated 3T3-L1 cells and the augmentation of adiponectin. The study suggests that the hub gene fatty acid amide hydrolase might alleviate obesity by inhibiting arachidonoyl ethanolamide signaling, which would enhance the action of fatty acid amide hydrolase and limit appetite in L. edodes extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmeet Kaur
- Microbial and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Humaira Farooqi
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Kailash Chandra
- Department of Biochemistry, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences & Research (HIMSR), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062 India
| | - Bibhu Prasad Panda
- Microbial and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
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Rondanelli M, Moroni A, Zese M, Gasparri C, Riva A, Petrangolini G, Perna S, Mazzola G. Vitamin D from UV-Irradiated Mushrooms as a Way for Vitamin D Supplementation: A Systematic Review on Classic and Nonclassic Effects in Human and Animal Models. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030736. [PMID: 36978984 PMCID: PMC10045067 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent literature has shown that vitamin D, in addition to its well-known activity on the skeleton, has many positive effects on health. Unfortunately, it is not easy to meet intake needs solely with food. Mushrooms could provide a valid way to achieve this goal, because they are one of the few sources of vitamin D. The aim of this systematic review was to summarize what has been reported in the literature on the treatment of animal and human models with irradiated commercial mushrooms, with particular attention paid to the effects on clinical outcomes associated with the classical and nonclassical vitamin D functions. A total of 18 articles were selected. Six studies were conducted on human samples, while twelve were focused on animal models. The six studies conducted in humans involved a large number of subjects (663), but the treatment period was relatively short (1–6 months). Furthermore, the treatment dosage was different in the various groups (600–3800 IU/day). Probably for this reason, the studies did not demonstrate clinical efficacy on the parameters evaluated (cognitive functions, muscle system/function, metabolic syndrome). Indeed, those studies demonstrated an efficacy in increasing the blood levels of 25(OH)D2, but not in increasing the levels of 25(OH)D total. In 9 of 12 studies conducted on the animal model, however, a clinical efficacy on bone metabolism, inflammation, and cognitive performance was demonstrated. The results of this systematic review indicate that the intake of vitamin D from irradiated mushrooms could possibly help to meet vitamin D needs, but the dosage and the time of treatment tested need to be evaluated. Therefore, studies conducted in humans for longer periods than the studies carried out up to now are necessary, with defined dosages, in order to also evaluate the clinical efficacy demonstrated in animal models both for the classical (bone metabolism) and nonclassical (muscle function, cognitive performance, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities) effects of vitamin D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Rondanelli
- IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Unit of Human and Clinical Nutrition, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessia Moroni
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi Alla Persona ‘‘Istituto Santa Margherita’’, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0382381739
| | - Marco Zese
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi Alla Persona ‘‘Istituto Santa Margherita’’, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Clara Gasparri
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi Alla Persona ‘‘Istituto Santa Margherita’’, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | | | | | - Simone Perna
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Division of Human Nutrition, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mazzola
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi Alla Persona ‘‘Istituto Santa Margherita’’, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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Liu J, Ding M, Bai J, Luo R, Liu R, Qu J, Li X. Decoding the role of immune T cells: A new territory for improvement of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease. IMETA 2023; 2:e76. [PMID: 38868343 PMCID: PMC10989916 DOI: 10.1002/imt2.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a new emerging concept and is associated with metabolic dysfunction, generally replacing the name of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) due to heterogeneous liver condition and inaccuracies in definition. The prevalence of MAFLD is rising by year due to dietary changes, metabolic disorders, and no approved therapy, affecting a quarter of the global population and representing a major economic problem that burdens healthcare systems. Currently, in addition to the common causative factors like insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and lipotoxicity, the role of immune cells, especially T cells, played in MAFLD is increasingly being emphasized by global scholars. Based on the diverse classification and pathophysiological effects of immune T cells, we comprehensively analyzed their bidirectional regulatory effects on the hepatic inflammatory microenvironment and MAFLD progression. This interaction between MAFLD and T cells was also associated with hepatic-intestinal immune crosstalk and gut microbiota homeostasis. Moreover, we pointed out several T-cell-based therapeutic approaches including but not limited to adoptive transfer of T cells, fecal microbiota transplantation, and drug therapy, especially for natural products and Chinese herbal prescriptions. Overall, this study contributes to a better understanding of the important role of T cells played in MAFLD progression and corresponding therapeutic options and provides a potential reference for further drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- School of Life SciencesBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Mingning Ding
- School of Life SciencesBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Jinzhao Bai
- School of Chinese Materia MedicaBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Ranyi Luo
- School of Life SciencesBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Runping Liu
- School of Chinese Materia MedicaBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Jiaorong Qu
- School of Life SciencesBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Xiaojiaoyang Li
- School of Life SciencesBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
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Low-Dose Colchicine Attenuates Sepsis-Induced Liver Injury: A Novel Method for Alleviating Systemic Inflammation. Inflammation 2023; 46:963-974. [PMID: 36656466 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-023-01783-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is a significant public health challenge. The immune system underlies the pathogenesis of the disease. The liver is both an active player and a target organ in sepsis. Targeting the gut immune system using low-dose colchicine is an attractive method for alleviating systemic inflammation in sepsis without inducing immunosuppression. The present study aimed to determine the use of low-dose colchicine in LPS-induced sepsis in mice. C67B mice were injected intraperitoneal with LPS to induce sepsis. The treatment group received 0.02 mg/kg colchicine daily by gavage. Short and extended models were performed, lasting 3 and 5 days, respectively. We followed the mice for biochemical markers of end-organ injury, blood counts, cytokine levels, and liver pathology and conducted proteomic studies on liver samples. Targeting the gut immune system using low-dose colchicine improved mice's well-being measured by the murine sepsis score. Treatment alleviated the liver injury in septic mice, manifested by a significant decrease in their liver enzyme levels, including ALT, AST, and LDH. Treatment exerted a trend to reduce creatinine levels. Low-dose colchicine improved liver pathology, reduced inflammation, and reduced the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNFα and IL1-β levels. A liver proteomic analysis revealed low-dose colchicine down-regulated sepsis-related proteins, alpha-1 antitrypsin, and serine dehydratase. Targeting the gut immune system using low-dose colchicine attenuated liver injury in LPS-induced sepsis, reducing the pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. Low-dose colchicine provides a safe method for immunomodulation for multiple inflammatory disorders.
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Regulation of Cholesterol Metabolism by Phytochemicals Derived from Algae and Edible Mushrooms in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213667. [PMID: 36430146 PMCID: PMC9697193 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol synthesis occurs in almost all cells, but mainly in hepatocytes in the liver. Cholesterol is garnering increasing attention for its central role in various metabolic diseases. In addition, cholesterol is one of the most essential elements for cells as both a structural source and a player participating in various metabolic pathways. Accurate regulation of cholesterol is necessary for the proper metabolism of fats in the body. Disturbances in cholesterol homeostasis have been linked to various metabolic diseases, such as hyperlipidemia and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). For many years, the use of synthetic chemical drugs has been effective against many health conditions. Furthermore, from ancient to modern times, various plant-based drugs have been considered local medicines, playing important roles in human health. Phytochemicals are bioactive natural compounds that are derived from medicinal plants, fruit, vegetables, roots, leaves, and flowers and are used to treat a variety of diseases. They include flavonoids, carotenoids, polyphenols, polysaccharides, vitamins, and more. Many of these compounds have been proven to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiobesity and antihypercholesteremic activity. The multifaceted role of phytochemicals may provide health benefits to humans with regard to the treatment and control of cholesterol metabolism and the diseases associated with this disorder, such as NAFLD. In recent years, global environmental climate change, the COVID-19 pandemic, the current war in Europe, and other conflicts have threatened food security and human nutrition worldwide. This further emphasizes the urgent need for sustainable sources of functional phytochemicals to be included in the food industry and dietary habits. This review summarizes the latest findings on selected phytochemicals from sustainable sources-algae and edible mushrooms-that affect the synthesis and metabolism of cholesterol and improve or prevent NAFLD.
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Interrelationship between Vitamin D and Calcium in Obesity and Its Comorbid Conditions. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14153187. [PMID: 35956362 PMCID: PMC9370653 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity has been linked to vitamin D (VD) deficiency and low calcium (CAL) status. In the last decade, dietary supplementation of vitamin D and calcium (VD–CAL) have been extensively studied in animal experiments and human studies. However, the physiological mechanisms remain unknown as to whether the VD–CAL axis improves homeostasis and reduces biomarkers in regulating obesity and other metabolic diseases directly or indirectly. This review sought to investigate their connections. This topic was examined in scientific databases such as Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed from 2011 to 2021, and 87 articles were generated for interpretation. Mechanistically, VD–CAL regulates from the organs to the blood, influencing insulin, lipids, hormone, cell, and inflammatory functions in obesity and its comorbidities, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, cardiovascular disease, and type-2 diabetes mellitus. Nevertheless, previous research has not consistently shown that simultaneous VD–CAL supplementation affects weight loss or reduces fat content. This discrepancy may be influenced by population age and diversity, ethnicity, and geographical location, and also by degree of obesity and applied doses. Therefore, a larger prospective cohort and randomised trials are needed to determine the exact role of VD–CAL and their interrelationship.
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Li Y, Yang Y, Li Y, Zhang P, Ge G, Jin J, Du T, Ma M, Na L, Ding L, Sheng H. Use of GP73 in the diagnosis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and the staging of hepatic fibrosis. J Int Med Res 2021; 49:3000605211055378. [PMID: 34772312 PMCID: PMC8593324 DOI: 10.1177/03000605211055378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the utility of Golgi protein 73 (GP73) in the diagnosis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and hepatic fibrosis (HF) staging. Methods Ninety-one patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) were allocated to NAFL (n = 46) and NASH (n = 45) groups according to their NAFLD activity score (NAS), and there were 30 healthy controls. Serum GP73 was measured by ELISA, GP73 protein expression was evaluated using immunohistochemistry, and FibroScan was used to determine liver hardness. Results The serum GP73 concentrations of the NAFL and NASH groups were significantly higher than those of controls. GP73 expression in the liver of the patients gradually progressed from absent or low to moderate or high. Serum GP73 positively correlated with liver expression, and the serum and liver GP73 of the patients positively correlated with FibroScan value and HF stage. There was a strong positive correlation of the combination of alanine aminotransferase, gamma glutamyl transferase and GP73 with NASH. The combination of serum GP73 and FibroScan value was found to predict NASH (NAS > 4) and advanced HF (stage ≥2) in patients with NAFLD using receiver operating characteristic analysis. Conclusion Serum GP73 may be useful in the diagnosis of NASH and the staging of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadi Li
- Department of Clinical Medicine, 105002Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yufang Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Gaiying Ge
- Department of Clinical Medicine, 105002Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jing Jin
- Department of Clinical Medicine, 105002Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Ting Du
- Department of Clinical Medicine, 105002Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Maiyan Ma
- Department of Clinical Medicine, 105002Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Li Na
- Biobank of General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Lu Ding
- Biobank of General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Huiping Sheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
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Tiwari A, Singh G, Singh U, Sapra L, Rana V, Sharma V, Srivastava RK, Sharma S. Edible mushrooms: The potential game changer in alleviating vitamin D deficiency and improving human health. Int J Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Abhay Tiwari
- Centre for Rural Development & Technology Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) New Delhi India
| | - Garima Singh
- Centre for Rural Development & Technology Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) New Delhi India
| | - Umesh Singh
- Centre for Rural Development & Technology Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) New Delhi India
| | - Leena Sapra
- Department of Biotechnology All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) New Delhi India
| | - Vikrant Rana
- Department of Applied Agriculture School of Basic and Applied Sciences Central University of Punjab Bathinda Punjab India
| | - Vasudha Sharma
- Department of Food Technology Jamia Hamdard New Delhi India
| | - Rupesh K. Srivastava
- Department of Biotechnology All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) New Delhi India
| | - Satyawati Sharma
- Centre for Rural Development & Technology Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) New Delhi India
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Nakashita C, Xi L, Inoue Y, Kabura R, Masuda S, Yamano Y, Katoh T. Impact of dietary compositions and patterns on the prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in Japanese men: a cross-sectional study. BMC Gastroenterol 2021; 21:342. [PMID: 34481454 PMCID: PMC8418738 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-021-01919-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to examine the impact of dietary compositions and patterns on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) morbidity in Japanese men. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study of 281 individuals who underwent comprehensive medical examinations during health screening. Dietary intake was assessed using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, and factor analysis was performed to detect dietary patterns. NAFLD was diagnosed by the presence of fatty liver on abdominal ultrasonography in nondrinkers (< 30 g/day), and patients were categorized into control (n = 192) and NAFLD groups (n = 89). RESULTS Compared with the control group, the NAFLD group consumed fewer mushrooms. Three dietary patterns were identified, namely, a healthy pattern, a western pattern, and a snack pattern. The score of healthy pattern was negatively correlated with the risk of NAFLD. Compared with the lowest tertile of the healthy pattern, the middle tertile was associated with a lower risk of NAFLD after adjusting for age, physical activity, and smoking (odds ratio: 0.47, 95% confidence interval: 0.25-0.91). After further adjustments for body mass index, the middle tertile was associated with a lower risk of NAFLD (odds ratio: 0.46, 95% confidence interval: 0.23-0.92). CONCLUSIONS A healthy dietary pattern comprising frequent intake of seaweeds, vegetables, mushrooms, pulses, and potatoes and starches was associated with a lower risk of NAFLD in Japanese men. In our opinion, this healthy pattern closely resembles the Japanese Washoku diet, indicating that adherence to Washoku may help prevent NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Nakashita
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjou, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan. .,Division of Food and Health Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, 3-1-100 Tsukide, Higashi-ku, Kumamoto, 862-8502, Japan.
| | - Lu Xi
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjou, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yasushi Inoue
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjou, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Ryota Kabura
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjou, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Shota Masuda
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjou, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yuko Yamano
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Takahiko Katoh
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjou, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
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Efficacy and Safety of Aronia, Red Ginseng, Shiitake Mushroom, and Nattokinase Mixture on Insulin Resistance in Prediabetic Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Foods 2021; 10:foods10071558. [PMID: 34359426 PMCID: PMC8306342 DOI: 10.3390/foods10071558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We determined whether oral consumption of Aronia, red ginseng, shiitake mushroom, and nattokinase mixture (3.4: 4.1: 2.4: 0.1 w/w; AGM) improved glucose metabolism and insulin resistance in prediabetic adults in a 12-week randomized, double-blinded clinical trial. Participants with fasting serum glucose concentrations of 100–140 mg/dL were recruited and randomly assigned to an AGM or placebo group. Participants of the AGM group (n = 40) were given an AGM granule containing 4 g of freeze-dried Aronia, red ginseng, shiitake mushroom, and nattokinase (3.4: 4.1: 2.4: 0.1 w/w) twice daily for 12 weeks, and the placebo group participants (n = 40) were provided with corn starch granules identical in appearance, weight, and flavor for 12 weeks. Serum glucose and insulin concentrations were measured during oral-glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) after administering 75 g of glucose in a fasted state. HOMA-IR, liver damage, and inflammation indices were determined, and safety parameters and adverse reactions were assessed. As determined by OGTT, serum glucose concentrations were not significantly different between the AGM and placebo groups after the intervention. However, changes in serum insulin concentrations in the fasted state and Homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index after the intervention were significantly lower in the AGM group than in the placebo group (−3.07 ± 7.06 vs. 0.05 ± 6.12, p = 0.043 for serum insulin; −0.85 ± 2.14 vs. 0.07 ± 1.92, p = 0.049 for HOMA-IR). Serum adiponectin concentrations were reduced by intervention in the placebo group but not in the AGM group. Changes in liver damage indexes, including serum activities of the γ-glutamyl transferase, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase, were lower in the AGM group and significantly reduced in the AGM group more than in the placebo group (p < 0.05). Changes in serum high sensitive-C-reactive protein concentrations in AGM and placebo groups were significantly different (−0.12 ± 0.81 vs. 0.51 ± 1.95, p = 0.06). In conclusion, AGM possibly improves insulin sensitivity and β-cell function and reduces liver damage and inflammation in prediabetic adults.
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Zhang R, Wang M, Wang M, Zhang L, Ding Y, Tang Z, Fu Z, Fan H, Zhang W, Wang J. Vitamin D Level and Vitamin D Receptor Genetic Variation Were Involved in the Risk of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Case-Control Study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:648844. [PMID: 34421816 PMCID: PMC8377425 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.648844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been demonstrated that vitamin D receptor (VDR), a key gene in the metabolism of vitamin D (VD), may affect the development of Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by regulating VD level and its biological effects. OBJECTIVES To investigate the effects of serum VD level, VDR variation, and a combination of VDR SNP and environmental behavior factor on the risk of NAFLD. METHODS A total of 3023 subjects from a community in Nanjing were enrolled, including 1120 NAFLD cases and 1903 controls. Serum 25(OH)D3 levels were measured and eight single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in VDR gene were genotyped. RESULTS Logistic regression analyses indicated that VD sufficiency and VD insufficiency were significantly associated with a low risk of NAFLD (all P<0.05; all Ptrend<0.05, in a locus-dosage manner). After adjusting for gender and age, VDR rs2228570-A and rs11168287-A alleles were all reduced the risk of NAFLD (all PFDR=0.136, in dominant model; Ptrend =0.039, combined effects in a locus-dosage manner). The protective effects of two favorable alleles were more evident among subjects ≤40 years, non-hypertension, non-hyperglycemia and non-low high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (all P<0.05). The area under the receiver operating curve of the combination of VDR SNP and exercise time for assessing NAFLD risk was slightly higher than that of only including exercise time or neither (all P<0.05). CONCLUSION High serum VD levels and VDR variants (rs2228570-A and rs11168287-A) might contribute to a low risk of NAFLD in Chinese Han population. The inclusion of VDR SNP and exercise time could improve the efficiency in assessment of NAFLD risk, which might provide a novel perspective for early screening and preventing NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Zhang
- Department of Fundamental and Community Nursing, School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Minxian Wang
- Department of Fundamental and Community Nursing, School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Fundamental and Community Nursing, School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liuxin Zhang
- Department of Nursing, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yajie Ding
- Department of Fundamental and Community Nursing, School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zongzhe Tang
- Department of Fundamental and Community Nursing, School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zuqiang Fu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haozhi Fan
- Department of Information, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Fundamental and Community Nursing, School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Jie Wang,
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Podkowa A, Kryczyk-Poprawa A, Opoka W, Muszyńska B. Culinary–medicinal mushrooms: a review of organic compounds and bioelements with antioxidant activity. Eur Food Res Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-020-03646-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThere are about 3000 species of mushrooms, which have a high amount of substances that are beneficial to human health, such as antioxidants. It is well known that oxidative stress plays an important role in the etiopathogenesis of many diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disorders, and diseases of the central nervous system. One way to prevent homeostasis disorders that occur as a result of excessive production of pro-oxidative substances is to include the ingredients having antioxidant properties in the diet. Several compounds, such as those with phenolic and indole derivatives as well as carotenoids and some vitamins, exhibit antioxidant activity. These substances are present in many foods, including mushrooms. In addition, they have certain unique compounds that are not found in other sources (e.g., norbadione A). The present work discusses selected ingredients exhibiting antioxidant activity, which are found in various species of mushrooms as wells as describes the content of these compounds in the extracts obtained from mushrooms using artificial digestive juice.
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Jahn D, Dorbath D, Schilling AK, Gildein L, Meier C, Vuille-Dit-Bille RN, Schmitt J, Kraus D, Fleet JC, Hermanns HM, Geier A. Intestinal vitamin D receptor modulates lipid metabolism, adipose tissue inflammation and liver steatosis in obese mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:1567-1578. [PMID: 30905785 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hypovitaminosis D is common in the obese population and patients suffering from obesity-associated disorders such as type 2 diabetes and fatty liver disease, resulting in suggestions for vitamin D supplementation as a potential therapeutic option. However, the pathomechanistic contribution of the vitamin D-vitamin D receptor (VDR) axis to metabolic disorders is largely unknown. METHODS We analyzed the pathophysiological role of global and intestinal VDR signaling in diet-induced obesity (DIO) using global Vdr-/- mice and mice re-expressing an intestine-specific human VDR transgene in the Vdr deficient background (Vdr-/- hTg). RESULTS Vdr-/- mice were protected from DIO, hepatosteatosis and metabolic inflammation in adipose tissue and liver. Furthermore, Vdr-/- mice displayed a decreased adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity and a reduced capacity to harvest triglycerides from the circulation. Intriguingly, all these phenotypes were partially reversed in Vdr-/- hTg animals. This clearly suggested an intestine-based VDR activity on systemic lipid homeostasis. Scrutinizing this hypothesis, we identified the potent LPL inhibitor angiopoietin-like 4 (Angptl4) as a novel transcriptional target of VDR. CONCLUSION Our study suggests a VDR-mediated metabolic cross-talk between gut and adipose tissue, which significantly contributes to systemic lipid homeostasis. These results have important implications for use of the intestinal VDR as a therapeutic target for obesity and associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Jahn
- University Hospital Würzburg, Division of Hepatology, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Donata Dorbath
- University Hospital Würzburg, Division of Hepatology, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Lisa Gildein
- University Hospital Würzburg, Division of Hepatology, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Chantal Meier
- University of Zürich, Institute of Physiology, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Johannes Schmitt
- University Hospital Würzburg, Division of Hepatology, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Kraus
- University Hospital Würzburg, Division of Nephrology, Würzburg, Germany
| | - James C Fleet
- Purdue University, Department of Nutrition Science, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Heike M Hermanns
- University Hospital Würzburg, Division of Hepatology, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Geier
- University Hospital Würzburg, Division of Hepatology, Würzburg, Germany; University Hospital Zürich, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zürich, Switzerland.
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Su YB, Li TH, Huang CC, Tsai HC, Huang SF, Hsieh YC, Yang YY, Huang YH, Hou MC, Lin HC. Chronic calcitriol supplementation improves the inflammatory profiles of circulating monocytes and the associated intestinal/adipose tissue alteration in a diet-induced steatohepatitis rat model. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194867. [PMID: 29684027 PMCID: PMC5912737 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency and up-regulated TNFα-related signals are reported to be involved in abnormalities including intestinal hyper-permeability, bacterial translocation, systemic/portal endotoxemia, intestinal/adipose tissue/hepatic inflammation, and hepatic steatosis in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). This study aims to explore the molecular mechanisms and effects of chronic calcitriol [1,25-(OH)2D3, hormonal form of vitamin D] on gut-adipose tissue-liver axis abnormalities using a high-fat diet (HFD)-fed rat model of NASH. In HFD-fed obese rats on a 10-week calcitriol (0.3 μg/kg/TIW) or vehicle treatment (NASH-vit. D and NASH-V rats) reigme, various in vivo and in vitro experiments were undertaken. Through anti-TNFα-TNFR1-NFκB signaling effects, chronic calcitriol treatment significantly restored plasma calcitriol levels and significantly improved vitamin D receptor (VDR) expression in monocytes and the small intestine of NASH-vit. D rats. Significantly, plasma and portal endotoxin/TNFα levels, bacterial translocation to mesenteric lymph nodes, plasma DX-4000-FITC, fecal albumin-assessed intestinal hyper-permeability, over-expression of TNFα-related immune profiles in monocytes, inflammation of intestinal/mesenteric adipose tissue (MAT)/liver and hepatic steatosis were improved by chronic calcitriol treatment of NASH rats. Additionally, in vitro experiments with acute calcitriol co-incubation reversed NASH-V rat monocyte supernatant/TNFα-induced monolayer barrier dysfunction in caco-2 cells, cytokine release from MAT-derived adipocytes, and triglyceride synthesis by lean-V rat hepatocytes. Using in vivo and in vitro experiments, our study reported calcitriol signaling in the gut as well as in adipose tissue. Meanwhile, our study suggests that restoration of systemic and intestinal vitamin D deficiency using by chronic vitamin D treatment effectively reduces TNFα-mediated immunological abnormalities associated with the gut-adipose tissue-liver axis and hepatic steatosis in NASH rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Bo Su
- Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hao Li
- Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Chia-Yi Branch of Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chang Huang
- Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Cheng Tsai
- Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shiang-Fen Huang
- Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Infection, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Cheng Hsieh
- Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ying Yang
- Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of General Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (YYY); (HCL)
| | - Yi-Hsiang Huang
- Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chih Hou
- Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chieh Lin
- Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (YYY); (HCL)
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