1
|
Feng Y, Han Z, Gu B, Li X, Wang B, Guo F, Praseedom RK, Wang F, Cheng H, Lucas A, Li Y, Chen H. Retraction Note to: A Novel Method for the Prevention and Treatment of Small‑for‑Size Syndrome in Liver Transplantation. Dig Dis Sci 2023; 68:335-336. [PMID: 36329331 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-022-07739-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanhu Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Zhijian Han
- The Key Laboratory of the Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Baohong Gu
- The Key Laboratory of the Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Xuemei Li
- The Key Laboratory of the Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Bofang Wang
- The Key Laboratory of the Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Facai Guo
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | | | - Furong Wang
- The Key Laboratory of the Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Huijuan Cheng
- The Key Laboratory of the Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Alexandra Lucas
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Yumin Li
- Department of General Surgery, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abstract
Animal models provide the link between in vitro research and the first in-man application during clinical trials. They provide substantial information in preclinical studies for the assessment of new therapeutic interventions in advance of human clinical trials. However, each model has its advantages and limitations in the ability to imitate specific pathomechanisms. Therefore, the selection of an animal model for the evaluation of a specific research question or evaluation of a novel therapeutic strategy requires a precise analysis. Transplantation research is a discipline that largely benefits from the use of animal models with mouse and pig models being the most frequently used models in organ transplantation research. A suitable animal model should reflect best the situation in humans, and the researcher should be aware of the similarities as well as the limitations of the chosen model. Small animal models with rats and mice are contributing to the majority of animal experiments with the obvious advantages of these models being easy handling, low costs, and high reproductive rates. However, unfortunately, they often do not translate to clinical use. Large animal models, especially in transplantation medicine, are an important element for establishing preclinical models that do often translate to the clinic. Nevertheless, they can be costly, present increased regulatory requirements, and often are of high ethical concern. Therefore, it is crucial to select the right animal model from which extrapolations and valid conclusions can be obtained and translated into the human situation. This review provides an overview in the models frequently used in organ transplantation research.
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang X, MacParland SA, Perciani CT. Immunological Determinants of Liver Transplant Outcomes Uncovered by the Rat Model. Transplantation 2021; 105:1944-1956. [PMID: 33417410 PMCID: PMC8376267 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000003598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
For many individuals with end-stage liver disease, the only treatment option is liver transplantation. However, liver transplant rejection is observed in 24%-80% of transplant patients and lifelong drug regimens that follow the transplant procedure lead to serious side effects. Furthermore, the pool of donor livers available for transplantation is far less than the demand. Well-characterized and physiologically relevant models of liver transplantation are crucial to a deeper understanding of the cellular processes governing the outcomes of liver transplantation and serve as a platform for testing new therapeutic strategies to enhance graft acceptance. Such a model has been found in the rat transplant model, which has an advantageous size for surgical procedures, similar postoperative immunological progression, and high genome match to the human liver. From rat liver transplant studies published in the last 5 years, it is clear that the rat model serves as a strong platform to elucidate transplant immunological mechanisms. Using the model, we have begun to uncover potential players and possible therapeutic targets to restore liver tolerance and preserve host immunocompetence. Here, we present an overview of recent literature for rat liver transplant models, with an aim to highlight the value of the models and to provide future perspectives on how these models could be further characterized to enhance the overall value of rat models to the field of liver transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinle Wang
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sonya A MacParland
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Ajmera Family Transplant Centre, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Catia T Perciani
- Ajmera Family Transplant Centre, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|