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Yoshikawa M, Goto E, Shin JH, Imanaka Y. Regional disparities in Dementia-free Life Expectancy in Japan: An ecological study, using the Japanese long-term care insurance claims database. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280299. [PMID: 37228050 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of people with dementia increases in an aging society; therefore, promoting policies for dementia throughout the community is crucial to creating a dementia-friendly society. Understanding the status of older adults with dementia in each region of Japan will be a helpful indicator. We calculated Dementia-free Life Expectancy and aimed to examine regional disparities and their associated factors. METHODS We calculated Dementia-free Life Expectancy and Life Expectancy with Dementia for each secondary medical area in Japan based on the Degree of Independence in Daily Living for the Demented Elderly, using data extracted from the Japanese long-term care insurance claims database. We then conducted a partial least squares regression analysis, the objective variables being Dementia-free Life Expectancy and Life Expectancy with Dementia for both sexes at age 65, and explanatory regional-level variables included demographic, socioeconomic, and healthcare resources variables. RESULTS The mean estimated regional-level Dementia-free Life Expectancy at age 65 was 17.33 years (95% confidence interval [CI] 17.27-17.38) for males and 20.05 years (95% CI 19.99-20.11) for females. Three latent components identified by partial least squares regression analysis represented urbanicity, socioeconomic conditions, and health services-related factors of the secondary medical areas. The second component explained the most variation in Dementia-free Life Expectancy of the three, indicating that higher socioeconomic status was associated with longer Dementia-free Life Expectancy. CONCLUSIONS There were regional disparities in secondary medical area level Dementia-free Life Expectancy. Our results suggest that socioeconomic conditions are more related to Dementia-free Life Expectancy than urbanicity and health services-related factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Etsu Goto
- Department of Healthcare Economics and Quality Management, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jung-Ho Shin
- Department of Healthcare Economics and Quality Management, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuichi Imanaka
- Department of Healthcare Economics and Quality Management, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Wang J, Liu N, Zhao X. Association of Playing Cards or Mahjong with Cognitive Function in Chinese Older Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159249. [PMID: 35954599 PMCID: PMC9368645 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive decline in older adults is a major public health threat. This study aimed to explore the association of participation in cards or mahjong with cognitive function in older adults. A total of 7308 older adults were selected from the 2018 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey. A modified Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was used to assess cognitive function. The participants were classified according to the frequency of playing cards or mahjong into the “regularly” (R) group, “occasionally” (O) group, or “never” (N) group. The results showed that older persons in the R group and O group had better cognitive function than those in the N group. Specifically, significant differences were found in attention and calculation, language, and total MMSE score between the R group and the N group. However, significant differences were not observed for adults aged 60–69 years old. Regression analysis indicated that playing cards or mahjong, together with age, educational level, sex, marital status, and occupation before age 60 could explain the cognitive function. The findings suggest that there is an association between participation in cards or mahjong and cognitive function in the population of Chinese older adults, and that the frequency of participation plays an important role in the association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- Faculty of Sport Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (J.W.); (N.L.)
| | - Nan Liu
- Faculty of Sport Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (J.W.); (N.L.)
| | - Xiaoguang Zhao
- Faculty of Sport Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (J.W.); (N.L.)
- Research Academy of Grand Health, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-574-87609369
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Aburto MJ, Romero D, Rezende LFM, Sanchez ZM, Bolados CC, Guzmán-Habinger J, Rios M, Suárez-Reyes M, Marques A, Drenowatz C, Cristi-Montero C, Ferrari G. Prevalence and co-occurrence of lifestyle risk factors for non-communicable diseases according to sociodemographic characteristics among adults Chilean residents. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21702. [PMID: 34737379 PMCID: PMC8569195 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01167-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
To examine the prevalence and co-occurrence of lifestyle risk factors for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) according to sociodemographic characteristics in Chilean residents. A cross-sectional study based on data from 5995 adults from the Chilean National Health Survey. The lifestyle risk factors included were physical inactivity, tobacco consumption, alcohol consumption, low fruits and vegetable consumption, and overweight/obesity. The most frequent risk factor was overweight/obesity (75.6%), followed by alcohol consumption (74.8%), low fruits and vegetable consumption (51.7%), physical inactivity (36.3%), and tobacco consumption (27.9%). Only 1.0% of the participants did not present any risk factor, while 9.6%, 30.4%, 34.0%, 20.3%, and 4.7% accumulated one, two, three, four, and five risk factors. Men (OR 1.56; 95% CI 1.18; 2.04), people who have secondary education (OR 1.59; 95% CI 1.20; 2.10), and those with lower household income (OR 1.39; 95% CI 1.09; 1.59) had higher odds of three or more risk factors. Associations were inverse for older adults (OR 0.57; 95% CI 0.41; 0.79) and rural geographic areas (OR 0.77; 95% CI 0.67; 0.89). The prevalence of risk factors for NCDs is fairly high in Chilean residents. Interventions may need to target these co-occurrences rather than emphasizing individual risk factors for NCDs. Interventions could further consider these co-occurrences as a potential target for population stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Aburto
- Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Escuela de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Las Sophoras 175, Estación Central, Santiago, Chile
| | - Dayna Romero
- Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Escuela de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Las Sophoras 175, Estación Central, Santiago, Chile
| | - Leandro F M Rezende
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Zila M Sanchez
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristian Cofre Bolados
- Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Escuela de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Las Sophoras 175, Estación Central, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Guzmán-Habinger
- Universidad Mayor, Facultad de Ciências, Santiago de Chile, Chile.,Especialidad medicina del deporte y la actividad física, Universidad Mayor, Facultad de Ciencias, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Mario Rios
- Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Escuela de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Las Sophoras 175, Estación Central, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mónica Suárez-Reyes
- Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Escuela de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Las Sophoras 175, Estación Central, Santiago, Chile
| | - Adilson Marques
- CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1499-002, Lisbon, Portugal.,ISAMB, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Clemens Drenowatz
- Division of Sport, Physical Activity and Health, University of Education Upper Austria, 4020, Linz, Austria
| | - Carlos Cristi-Montero
- IRyS Group, Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaiso, Chile
| | - Gerson Ferrari
- Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Escuela de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Las Sophoras 175, Estación Central, Santiago, Chile.
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Moreno X, Lera L, Albala C. Disability-free life expectancy and life expectancy in good self-rated health in Chile: Gender differences and compression of morbidity between 2009 and 2016. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232445. [PMID: 32353089 PMCID: PMC7192428 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chile has one of the highest life expectancies at 60 years in South America. This study was aimed to determine healthy life expectancies among Chilean older people, according to self-rated health and disability, and to explore gender differences. Methods Data from the National Survey of Health (2009 and 2016) were used to estimate prevalence of less than good self-rated health and disability among people aged 60 years and above. Health expectancies were calculated with the Sullivan method. Results In both years, women expected to live a lower proportion of their life expectancy in good self-rated health (54.5% [95% CI 50.0–58.8] for men and 37.6% [95% CI 34.3–40.8] for women in 2009; 46.1% [95% CI 42.6–49.7] for men and 38.5% [95% CI 35.6–41.4] for women in 2016). Life expectancy in less than good self-rated health increased for men (9.4 years [95% CI 8.4–10.3] in 2009; 11.5 years [95% CI 10.7–12.2]). Women expected to live a lower proportion of their remaining life without disabilities (65.3% [95% CI 61.2–69.4] for men and 44.9% [95% CI 41.9–47.9] for women in 2009; 71.9% [95% CI 68.7–75.0] for men and 61.1% [95% CI 58.5–63.8] for women in 2016). In 2016, disability-free life expectancy increased among women, but they still had a higher life expectancy with mild disability (2.8 years [95% CI 2.3–3.4] for men and 6.0 years [95% CI 5.4–6.7] for women). Conclusions Women expected to spend more years in less than good self-rated health and disabled. There was an expansion of life expectancy in less than good SRH among men and a compression of disability in both sexes. The high proportion of years expected to be lived in less than good self-rated health and gender differences in disability-free life expectancy of older adults should be addressed by public health policies in Chile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximena Moreno
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- * E-mail:
| | - Lydia Lera
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cecilia Albala
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Solis-Urra P, Plaza-Diaz J, Álvarez-Mercado AI, Rodríguez-Rodríguez F, Cristi-Montero C, Zavala-Crichton JP, Olivares-Arancibia J, Sanchez-Martinez J, Abadía-Molina F. The Mediation Effect of Self-Report Physical Activity Patterns in the Relationship between Educational Level and Cognitive Impairment in Elderly: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Chilean Health National Survey 2016-2017. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E2619. [PMID: 32290376 PMCID: PMC7215290 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17082619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this cross-sectional study were (i) to determine the association of educational level attained with cognitive impairment and (ii) to investigate the mediating effect of different self-report physical activity (PA) patterns in a large sample of older Chileans. A sample of 1571 older adults from the National Chilean Survey (2016-2017) was included. The educational level attained, PA levels, mode of commuting, sedentary time, and leisure-time PA were self-reported through validated questionnaires. Cognitive impairment was determined by Mini-Mental State Examination (modified version). Association between educational level attained and cognitive impairment was examined using logistic regression models. Counterfactual mediation models were used to test the mediating effect of self-reported PA patterns. A lower educational level was consistently associated with higher odds of cognitive impairment (OR range 2.846 to 2.266, all p < 0.001), while leisure-time PA was the only PA pattern that partially mediated this association (proportion mediated 8.0%). In conclusion, leisure-time PA was the solely PA pattern that partially mediated the association between the educational level and cognitive impairment. The rest self-reported PA patterns did not modify this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricio Solis-Urra
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- IRyS Research Group, School of Physical Education, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaiso 2374631, Chile
| | - Julio Plaza-Diaz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, Campus de Cartuja s/n, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Biomedical Research Center, Parque Tecnológico Ciencias de la Salud, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. GRANADA, 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - Ana Isabel Álvarez-Mercado
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, Campus de Cartuja s/n, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Biomedical Research Center, Parque Tecnológico Ciencias de la Salud, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. GRANADA, 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - Fernando Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- IRyS Research Group, School of Physical Education, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaiso 2374631, Chile
| | - Carlos Cristi-Montero
- IRyS Research Group, School of Physical Education, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaiso 2374631, Chile
| | | | - Jorge Olivares-Arancibia
- IRyS Research Group, School of Physical Education, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaiso 2374631, Chile
- Escuela de Pedagogía en Educación Física, Facultad de Educación, Universidad de las Américas, Santiago 8370035, Chile
| | - Javier Sanchez-Martinez
- IRyS Research Group, School of Physical Education, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaiso 2374631, Chile
- Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tomás, Viña del Mar 2561694, Chile
| | - Francisco Abadía-Molina
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Biomedical Research Center, Parque Tecnológico Ciencias de la Salud, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
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