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Santos-Rodrigues RCD, Araújo-Monteiro GKND, Dantas AMN, Beserra PJF, Morais RMD, Souto RQ. Elder abuse: a conceptual analysis. Rev Bras Enferm 2023; 76:e20230150. [PMID: 38055495 DOI: 10.1590/0034-7167-2023-0150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE to analyze the concept of elder abuse and identify its respective antecedents, attributes and consequents. METHODS this is a conceptual analysis according to Walker and Avant's proposition. The search for the concept was mediated by an integrative review in the LILACS, PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science and BDENF databases. RESULTS as antecedents, female, family member, low social support and low income or socioeconomic conditions stand out. Attributes were threats and/or intimidation, intentional use of physical force, using resources without authorization, unwanted sexual activity, offering low insufficient amount of nutrients for older adults and not meeting older adults' affective/emotional needs. Consequents were psychological disorders, dependence on aggressors, environment of insecurity and damage/loss of human rights or human dignity. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS the phenomenon under discussion is broad and multifaceted, suggesting expansion of studies related to the theme in order to explore it in detail.
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Falardeau MC, Beaulieu M, Carbonneau H, Levasseur M. Practices countering resident-to-resident aggression and promoting wellness care for older adults in congregate residential facilities: results from a systematic review. J Elder Abuse Negl 2023; 35:174-211. [PMID: 38073175 DOI: 10.1080/08946566.2023.2283746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Resident-to-resident aggression (RRA) is an important issue in congregate residential facilities (CRFs) for older adults and has devastating effects. This study aimed to provide an inventory and content analysis of the practices used to counter RRA and promote wellness care for older adults in CRFs. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, original, peer-reviewed research and systematic reviews published in 14 electronic databases and two gray literature sources were examined. Of the 6196 articles identified, 28 met the inclusion criteria. Practices aimed to prevent, track or intervene in RRA, mostly in long-term care centers, but few were evidence-based and ready for widespread implementation. It emerges that continuous training of staff is necessary and that it should prioritize a person-centered approach. CRFs' managers must promote a culture of wellness care and policymakers should consider the prevention practices to improve the quality of life of older adults in CRFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Chantal Falardeau
- School of Social Work, Université de Sherbrooke and Research Center on Aging, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Marie Beaulieu
- School of Social Work, Université de Sherbrooke and Research Center on Aging, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Hélène Carbonneau
- Culture and Tourism Department, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Canada
| | - Mélanie Levasseur
- School of Rehabilitation, Université de Sherbrooke and Research Center on Aging, Sherbrooke, Canada
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de Witt L, Jonsson S, Reka R. An Analysis of Long-Term Care Home Inspection Reports and Responsive Behaviours. AGEING INTERNATIONAL 2023:1-27. [PMID: 37359717 PMCID: PMC10123012 DOI: 10.1007/s12126-023-09526-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Concern about residential long-term care quality and safety is a critical issue in developed countries internationally, often fueled by media scandals exposing riveting accounts of resident-to-resident aggression/responsive behaviours. These scandals raise questions about standards of care set through long-term care regulation. Using a participatory action research approach and document analysis method, we analyzed incidents related to responsive behaviours documented in three types of public version inspection reports posted for 535 Ontario, Canada long-term care homes from 2016 through 2018. Creation of an Individual Home Data Collection and Analysis Tool facilitated data collation and descriptive statistical analysis of seven long-term care service areas in the province of Ontario. Results highlight several combined service areas differences between for-profit and not-for-profit home documentation related to responsive behaviours in (a) resident quality inspection means; (b) total complaint and critical incident proportions and means; (c) total enforcement actions proportions; and (d) enforcement penalties. We discovered that documented evidence of incidents related to responsive behaviours was instead represented by other sections of the legislation. The highest proportion of enforcement actions related to responsive behaviours involved no follow-up by inspectors and only four enforcement penalties over three years. Recommendations include revision of the inspection report judgement matrix tool to produce separate enforcement actions specific to responsive behaviours. We submit that attending to this will contribute to protecting long-term care residents from harm and improving their quality of care through more effective connection of long-term care regulation to responsive behaviour care management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorna de Witt
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, ON Canada
| | - Stephanie Jonsson
- Gender, Feminist, and Women’s Studies, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Roger Reka
- Leddy Library, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, ON Canada
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Steinsheim G, Malmedal W, Follestad T, Olsen B, Saga S. Contextual Factors Associated with Abuse of Home-Dwelling Persons with Dementia: A Cross-Sectional Exploratory Study of Informal Caregivers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2823. [PMID: 36833519 PMCID: PMC9957528 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20042823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
One in six community-dwelling older adults experience elder abuse yearly, and persons with dementia are especially at risk. Although many risk factors for elder abuse have been identified, there are still knowledge gaps concerning risk and protective factors. This cross-sectional survey among Norwegian informal caregivers (ICGs) aimed to find individual, relational, and community factors associated with psychological and physical abuse of home-dwelling persons with dementia. This study involved 540 ICGs and was conducted from May to December 2021. Statistical analysis using penalized logistic regression with lasso was performed to find covariates associated with psychological and physical elder abuse. The most prominent risk factor for both subtypes of abuse was the caregiver being a spouse. In addition, risk factors for psychological abuse were having a higher caregiver burden, experiencing psychological aggression from the person with dementia, and the person with dementia being followed up by their general practitioner. For physical abuse, the protective factors were the ICG being female and having an assigned personal municipal health service contact, while the risk factors were the ICG attending a caregiver training program and experiencing physical aggression from the person with dementia and the person with dementia having a higher degree of disability. These findings add to the existing knowledge of risk and protective factors in elder abuse among home-dwelling persons with dementia. This study provides relevant knowledge for healthcare personnel working with persons with dementia and their caregivers and for the development of interventions to prevent elder abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunn Steinsheim
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7030 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Wenche Malmedal
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7030 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Turid Follestad
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7030 Trondheim, Norway
- Clinical Research Unit Central Norway, St. Olavs Hospital, 7030 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bonnie Olsen
- Department of Family Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 91803, USA
| | - Susan Saga
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7030 Trondheim, Norway
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St Clair B, Jorgensen M, Nguyen A, Georgiou A. A Scoping Review of Adverse Incidents Research in Aged Care Homes: Learnings, Gaps, and Challenges. Gerontol Geriatr Med 2022; 8:23337214221144192. [PMID: 36568485 PMCID: PMC9772958 DOI: 10.1177/23337214221144192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Adverse incidents are well studied within acute care settings, less so within aged care homes. The aim of this scoping review was to define the types of adverse incidents studied in aged care homes and highlight strengths, gaps, and challenges of this research. Methods: An expanded definition of adverse incidents including physical, social, and environmental impacts was used in a scoping review based on the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews Checklist. MEDLINE, CINAHL, and EBSCOhost were searched for English language, peer-reviewed studies conducted in aged care home settings between 2000 and 2020. Forty six articles across 12 countries were identified, charted, and analyzed using descriptive statistics and narrative summary methods. Results: Quantitative studies (n = 42, 91%) dominated adverse incidents literature. The majority of studies focused on physical injuries (n = 29, 63%), with fewer examining personal/interpersonal (15%) and environmental factors (22%). Many studies did not describe the country's aged care system (n = 26, 56%). Only five studies (11%) included residents' voices. Discussion: This review highlights a need for greater focus on resident voices, qualitative research, and interpersonal/environmental perspectives in adverse event research in aged care homes. Addressing these gaps, future research may contribute to better understanding of adverse incidents within this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. St Clair
- Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia,B. St Clair, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Centre for Health Systems and Safety Research, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Level 6, 75 Talavera Road, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
| | | | - A. Nguyen
- Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia,UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - A. Georgiou
- Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Prevalence of elder abuse and its related factors in Iran: A community-based study. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03024-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Maltraitance entre résidents en temps de pandémie: Effets dans les résidences privées pour aînés au Québec. Can J Aging 2021. [DOI: 10.1017/s0714980821000428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe measures implemented to limit the spread of COVID-19 affect the social relationships of the elderly. The aim of this article is to understand the effects of the pandemic on residents and resident-to-resident aggression (RRA). In total, 21 individual interviews were conducted with three groups of actors of four independent living facilities who have experienced RRA (residents) or who intervene in this type of situation (members of staff and external stakeholders). The participants reported that the pandemic has effects on residents and, specifically, on RRA. Among other things, the management and resolution of these situations have changed, and new manifestations of RRA are observed. To our knowledge, this study is the first to examine the effects of the pandemic on residents living in independent living facilities and on RRA. It raises the need to further consider residents’ voices in this context and to combine them with those of other actors to better understand how RRA manifest itself.
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Saga S, Blekken LE, Nakrem S, Sandmoe A. Relatives' experiences with abuse and neglect in Norwegian nursing homes. A qualitative study. BMC Health Serv Res 2021; 21:684. [PMID: 34247595 PMCID: PMC8272837 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-021-06713-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Elder abuse in nursing homes (NH) is a widespread and complex problem. Residents’ ability to share their experiences are impeded, due to a high degree of cognitive problems and frailty, and previous studies are thus mainly based on reports from staff. Therefore, we aimed to give voice to the residents by investigating their relatives’ experiences with elder abuse in NH. Methods Qualitative individual interviews were conducted with 16 relatives of residents with experience of abuse and/or neglect in NH. Content analysis was used to analyse the data. Results Relatives perceived neglect as most pervasive and staff-to-resident psychological abuse as a key problem. Physical abuse was mostly related to resident-to-resident aggression. Relatives perceived elder abuse in NH to be related to low competence among staff, low staffing, poor NH leadership, working cultures characterized by fear and loyalty to employer or co-workers, and a lack of individualized care for the residents. Furthermore, relatives themselves experienced maltreatment from NH, which caused them to suffer stress, anxiety and distrust. Relatives also expressed a need to compensate for lack of care. Conclusions Relatives of NH residents who had experienced abuse reported that neglect of basic care and individual rights was predominant and viewed organizational explanations as most important. Relatives perceive themselves as collaborators in care and are emotionally attached to their family member. Therefore, if relatives experience resident abuse or neglect, it inflicts a feeling of being mistreated themselves, particularly if they are not listened to or their notice of abuse on the part of the resident is ignored or trivialized. Including relatives in a committed partnership with NH in care practices is not only a valuable path to reduce the risk of abuse, but it also leads to a more sustainable healthcare with high standards of quality and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Saga
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Lene Elisabeth Blekken
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Sigrid Nakrem
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Astrid Sandmoe
- Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, Oslo, Norway
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Botngård A, Eide AH, Mosqueda L, Blekken L, Malmedal W. Factors associated with staff-to-resident abuse in Norwegian nursing homes: a cross-sectional exploratory study. BMC Health Serv Res 2021; 21:244. [PMID: 33740965 PMCID: PMC7977325 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-021-06227-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elder abuse is a public health problem that is gaining attention due to its serious impacts on people's health and well-being, and it is predicted to increase along with the world's rapidly ageing population. Staff-to-resident abuse in nursing homes is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon associated with multiple factors on different levels of the ecological model. This study aimed to explore individual, relational, and institutional characteristics associated with perpetrated staff-to-resident abuse in nursing homes, using a multilevel hierarchical approach. METHODS This was a cross-sectional exploratory study of 3693 nursing staff (response rate 60.1%) in 100 randomly selected nursing homes in Norway. We explored the characteristics of nursing staff, their relationship with residents, and institutional features associated with three types of abuse: psychological abuse, physical abuse, and neglect. These were modelled using multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression analyses. RESULTS Individual staff factors found to be associated with all three types of abuse were 1) being a registered nurse/social educator (OR 1.77-2.49) or licensed practical nurse (OR 1.64-1.92), 2) reporting symptoms of psychological distress (OR 1.44-1.46), 3) intention to leave the job (OR 1.35-1.40), and 4) reporting poor attitudes towards people with dementia (OR 1.02-1.15). Also, staff who reported poorer quality of childhood were more likely to perpetrate neglect (OR 1.14). Relational factors such as care-related conflicts (OR 1.97-2.33) and resident aggression (OR 1.36-2.09) were associated with all three types of abuse. Of institutional factors, lack of support from a manager was associated with perpetrating psychological abuse (OR 1.56). CONCLUSIONS We found several predictors of staff-to-resident abuse on different levels of the ecological model, which underlines the importance of using a multifaceted approach to identify risk factors of elder abuse in nursing homes. However, future studies should explore the underlying mechanism and causes with a prospective or qualitative design and target the multifaceted nature of risk factors when designing preventive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Botngård
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Arne Henning Eide
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Health Research, SINTEF Digital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Laura Mosqueda
- Department of Family Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Lene Blekken
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Wenche Malmedal
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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