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Davies N, Sampson EL, Aworinde J, Gillam J, Kenten C, Moore K, Phillips B, Harvey C, Anderson J, Ward J, Evans CJ, Ellis‐Smith C. Co-Designing a Palliative Dementia Care Framework to Support Holistic Assessment and Decision Making: The EMBED-Care Framework. Health Expect 2024; 27:e70011. [PMID: 39215967 PMCID: PMC11365481 DOI: 10.1111/hex.70011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with dementia have complex palliative care needs that are often unmet, including physical and psycho-social needs. It is essential to empower people with dementia, family carers and professionals to better assess and manage care needs. We aimed to co-design a palliative dementia care Framework delivered through a digital app to support holistic assessment and decision making for care in the community and care homes-the EMBED-Care Framework. METHODS A systematic co-design approach was adopted to develop the EMBED-Care Framework across three stages: 1) Framework analysis to synthesise data from preceding evidence reviews, large routine clinical data and cohort studies of unmet palliative dementia care need; 2) Co-design using iterative workshops with people with dementia, family carers and health and social care professionals to construct the components, design of the app and implementation requirements; and 3) User testing to refine the final Framework and app, and strengthen use for clinical practice and methods of evaluation. RESULTS The Framework was co-designed for delivery through an app delivered by aTouchAway. It comprised five main components: 1) holistic assessment of palliative care needs using the Integrated Palliative care Outcome Scale-Dementia (IPOS-Dem); 2) alert system of IPOS-Dem scores to highlight unmet needs; 3) IPOS-Dem scores and alerts enable shared decision making between the practitioner, patient and/or carer to support priority setting and goals of care; 4) evidence-informed clinical decision support tools automatically linked with identified needs to manage care; and 5) Training package for users incorporating face-to-face sessions, clinical champions who received additional face-to-face sessions, animated videos and manual covering the main intervention components and email and telephone support from the research team. CONCLUSIONS This is a novel digital palliative dementia care intervention to link holistic assessment with clinical decision support tools that are practical and easy to use but address the complexity of palliative dementia care. The Framework is ready for feasibility testing and pilot studies for people with dementia residing at home or in a care home. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION We were guided by our Patient and Public Involvement (PPI) group consisting of three people with mild dementia, including younger onset dementia, and seven family carers throughout the project. They supported the overall development of the Framework, including planning of workshops, interpreting findings and testing the framework in our PPI meetings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Davies
- Centre for Ageing Population Studies, Department of Primary Care and Population Health, Royal Free CampusUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Centre for Psychiatry and Mental Health, Wolfson Institute for Population HealthQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Elizabeth L. Sampson
- Centre for Psychiatry and Mental Health, Wolfson Institute for Population HealthQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
- Marie Curie Palliative Care Research DepartmentUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Royal London HospitalEast London NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Jesutofunmi Aworinde
- Department of Palliative Care, Policy and Rehabilitation, Cicely Saunders InstituteKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Juliet Gillam
- Department of Palliative Care, Policy and Rehabilitation, Cicely Saunders InstituteKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Charlotte Kenten
- Centre for Psychiatry and Mental Health, Wolfson Institute for Population HealthQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
- Marie Curie Palliative Care Research DepartmentUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Kirsten Moore
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne HospitalThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- National Ageing Research InstituteParkvilleMelbourneAustralia
| | - Bethan Phillips
- Centre for Ageing Population Studies, Department of Primary Care and Population Health, Royal Free CampusUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Catherine Harvey
- Department of Palliative Care, Policy and Rehabilitation, Cicely Saunders InstituteKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Janet Anderson
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Central Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Jane Ward
- Centre for Ageing Population Studies, Department of Primary Care and Population Health, Royal Free CampusUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Catherine J. Evans
- Department of Palliative Care, Policy and Rehabilitation, Cicely Saunders InstituteKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Clare Ellis‐Smith
- Department of Palliative Care, Policy and Rehabilitation, Cicely Saunders InstituteKing's College LondonLondonUK
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Moreno-Fergusson ME, Caez-Ramírez GR, Sotelo-Diaz LI, Sarmiento-González P, Sánchez-Herrera B. Feeding and Nutrition for People with Dementia in Gerontological Services: A Focus Group Study. J Multidiscip Healthc 2024; 17:3957-3970. [PMID: 39161541 PMCID: PMC11331251 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s463995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose This work sought to describe the experience of managers and caregivers with feeding and nutrition for older adults with dementia, in Colombian gerontological services. Participants and Methods This is a qualitative focus group study with fourteen gerontological care centers for people with dementia. Results The study reveals that care related to food and nutrition for people with dementia is organized based on the comprehensive assessment of the resident. Although there are basic support strategies, each caregiver requires specific knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, and institutional support, to generate a context that favors the health and quality of life of those involved. Conclusion The experience of caring for people with dementia in aspects related to their food and nutrition, seen from the perspective of managers and caregivers of gerontological services in a developing country, strengthens specific strategies and public policies. This, in turn, reduces the burden on caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luz Indira Sotelo-Diaz
- International School of Economic and Administrative Sciences, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía, Cundinamarca, Colombia
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Alsararatee HH. The ethics of clinically assisted nutrition and hydration in adults and the role of the advanced clinical practitioner. BRITISH JOURNAL OF NURSING (MARK ALLEN PUBLISHING) 2024; 33:S14-S24. [PMID: 38954455 DOI: 10.12968/bjon.2024.0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Clinically assisted nutrition and hydration (CANH) decision-making in adult patients presents complex ethical dilemmas that require careful consideration and navigation. This clinical review addresses the multifaceted aspects of CANH, emphasising the importance of ethical frameworks and the role of advanced clinical practitioners (ACPs) in guiding decision-making processes. The pivotal role of ACPs is highlighted, from their responsibilities and challenges in decision-making to the collaborative approach they facilitate involving patients, families and multidisciplinary teams. The article also explores ethical principles such as autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice, elucidating their application in CANH decision-making. Legal and ethical frameworks covering CANH are examined, alongside case studies illustrating ethical dilemmas and resolutions. Patient-centred approaches to CANH decision-making are discussed, emphasising effective communication and consideration of cultural and religious beliefs. End-of-life considerations and palliative care in CANH are also examined, including the transition to palliative care and ethical considerations in withdrawal or withholding of CANH. Future directions for research and implications for clinical practice are outlined, highlighting the need for ongoing ethical reflection and the integration of ACPs in CANH decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Hazim Alsararatee
- Trainee Advanced Clinical Practitioner, Acute Medicine, Northampton General Hospital NHS Trust, Northampton
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Davies N, Aker N, West E, Rait G, Sampson EL. Acceptability of Using a Decision Aid to Support Family Carers of People With Dementia Towards the End of Life: A Qualitative Study. Health Expect 2024; 27:e14123. [PMID: 38896012 PMCID: PMC11187896 DOI: 10.1111/hex.14123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the experiences, acceptability and utility of a decision aid for family carers of people with dementia towards the end of life. METHODS We conducted semi-structured interviews with a sample of family carers enroled into a 6-month feasibility study in England, sampling to gain a range of experiences and views, based on relationship to person they cared for (e.g., spouse, adult child), age, gender, and self-reported use of the decision aid during the feasibility study. Interviews were conducted in March 2021-July 2021 and analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. We used COREQ checklist to report our methods and results. RESULTS Family carers found the decision aid acceptable, describing it as comprehensive, accessible with relevant information and its presentation enabled good engagement. Experiences of the decision aid covered four main themes which demonstrated the perceived acceptability and utility: 1. A source of support and reassurance; 2. Empowering conversations and confidence; 3. Including the person living with dementia; and 4. Breaking down complexity. CONCLUSIONS An aid focussing on decisions about dementia end of life care supported family carers break down complex and emotive decisions, not only with making decisions in the moment but also in future planning. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION Our three Patient and Public Involvement (PPI) members (all former family carers) were crucial throughout the wider study. PPI supported development of the topic guides, supported trialling the topic guide and interview procedures and finally supported the development of themes as part of the analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Davies
- Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health, Centre for Ageing Population StudiesUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Narin Aker
- Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health, Centre for Ageing Population StudiesUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Emily West
- Marie Curie Palliative Care Research Department, Division of PsychiatryUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Greta Rait
- PRIMENT Clinical Trials Unit, Research Department of Primary Care and Population HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Elizabeth L. Sampson
- Marie Curie Palliative Care Research Department, Division of PsychiatryUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Royal London HospitalEast London NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
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Rodrigues-Ribeiro JL, Castro L, Pinto-Ribeiro F, Nunes R. Impact of palliative care at end-of-life Covid-19 patients - a small-scale pioneering experience. BMC Palliat Care 2024; 23:37. [PMID: 38336652 PMCID: PMC10858566 DOI: 10.1186/s12904-024-01368-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In March 2020, the outbreak caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus was declared a pandemic, resulting in numerous fatalities worldwide. To effectively combat the virus, it would be beneficial to involve professionals who specialize in symptom control for advanced illnesses, working closely with other specialties throughout the illness process. This approach can help manage a range of symptoms, from mild to severe and potentially life-threatening. No studies have been conducted in Portugal to analyse the intervention of Palliative Medicine at the end of life of Covid-19 patients and how it differs from other specialties. This knowledge could help determine the importance of including it in the care of people with advanced Covid-19. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study is to examine potential differences in the care provided to patients with Covid-19 during their Last Hours and Days of Life (LHDOL) between those who received care from Palliative Medicine doctors and those who did not. METHODS This is a retrospective cohort study spanning three months (Dec 2020 to Feb 2021), the duration of the Support Unit especially created to deal with Covid-19 patients. The database included clinical files from 181 patients admitted to the Support Unit, 27 of which died from Covid-19. RESULTS Statistically significant differences were identified in the care provided. Specifically, fewer drugs were administered at the time of death, including drugs for dyspnoea, pain and agitation, suspension of futile devices and use of palliative sedation to control refractory symptoms. CONCLUSIONS End-of-life care and symptomatic control differ when there's regular follow-up by Palliative Medicine, which may translate less symptomatic suffering and promote a dignified and humane end of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Luís Rodrigues-Ribeiro
- Palliative Care Unit, WeCare Saúde, Rua Corregedor Gaspar Cardoso, 480, Póvoa de Varzim, Porto, 4490-492, Portugal.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, 4200-319, Portugal.
- Intra-Hospital Team for Palliative Care Support, Hospital de Braga, ULS Braga, Braga, Portugal.
| | - Luísa Castro
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, 4200-319, Portugal
- Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, 4200-319, Portugal
- Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences (MEDCIDS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, 4200-319, Portugal
| | - Filipa Pinto-Ribeiro
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, 4806-909, Portugal
| | - Rui Nunes
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, 4200-319, Portugal
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Moreno-Fergusson ME, Caez-Ramírez GR, Sotelo-Díaz LI, Sánchez-Herrera B. Nutritional Care for Institutionalized Persons with Dementia: An Integrative Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6763. [PMID: 37754622 PMCID: PMC10531301 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20186763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Older people are at risk of malnutrition, especially when they suffer from cognitive impairment. Guidelines that orient nursing care in this regard need to be updated. The aim of this review is to address the best available evidence on interventions that can benefit nutritional nursing care for institutionalized older adults with dementia. METHODS Integrative review using the Dimensions and Eureka search engines, and the PubMed, Embase, Scielo, CINAHL, and ScienceDirect databases. We searched from the year 2015 through to 2021. We employed the MMAT guidelines for mixed, qualitative, and quantitative studies, and the PRISMA, CASP, and JBI guidelines to value the reviews. RESULTS A total of 55 studies met the inclusion criteria. The best available evidence to support nutritional nursing care for institutionalized older adults with dementia highlights several aspects related to the assessment and caring interventions that are focused on people with dementia, their caregivers, and their context. CONCLUSIONS Both the assessment and nutritional care interventions for older people with dementia should consider the patient-caregiver dyad as the subject of care and understand the context as a fundamental part of it. The analysis of the context should look further than the immediate environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luz Indira Sotelo-Díaz
- EICEA Department of Gastronomy, Campus Puente del Común, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía 250001, Colombia;
| | - Beatriz Sánchez-Herrera
- Nursing and Rehabilitation School, Campus Puente del Común, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía 250001, Colombia;
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Lahiouel A, Kellett J, Isbel S, D'Cunha NM. An Exploratory Study of Nutrition Knowledge and Challenges Faced by Informal Carers of Community-Dwelling People with Dementia: Online Survey and Thematic Analysis. Geriatrics (Basel) 2023; 8:77. [PMID: 37489325 PMCID: PMC10366724 DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics8040077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutrition knowledge is a primary factor influencing food choices and the ability to identify nutritional risk for carers of people with dementia. Acquiring nutrition knowledge helps carers monitor changes in food intake and micronutrient intake, and whether a healthy and balanced diet is being consumed. This study aimed to assess the nutrition knowledge of carers in the Australian community and their experiences with nutrition education. Using a mixed-methods approach, the nutrition knowledge of informal carers was assessed using the revised General Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire (AUS-R-NKQ), and interviews of informal carers were used to explore the perspectives in a sub-sample. A total of 57 carers (44 females; mean age of 63.0 ± 13.1) completed the survey, and 11 carers participated in follow-up interviews. The total sample scored 22.9 (±4.57) out of 38 on the AUS-R-NKQ, suggesting basic nutrition knowledge. The interviewed carers acknowledged the importance of healthy nutrition but viewed the provision of a healthy diet for a person with dementia as challenging. In both the survey and interviews, carers reported limited use and availability of dementia-specific nutrition resources. Carers were unsatisfied with the advice and number of referrals provided to improve the nutrition of the person with dementia and desired less confusing nutrition education materials adapted to their level of knowledge. The present study highlights the need for informal carers to be supported to acquire adequate nutrition knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdeljalil Lahiouel
- School of Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia
| | - Jane Kellett
- School of Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia
- Ageing Research Group, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia
| | - Stephen Isbel
- School of Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia
- Ageing Research Group, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia
| | - Nathan M D'Cunha
- School of Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia
- Ageing Research Group, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia
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Anantapong K, Bruun A, Walford A, Smith CH, Manthorpe J, Sampson EL, Davies N. Co-design development of a decision guide on eating and drinking for people with severe dementia during acute hospital admissions. Health Expect 2023; 26:613-629. [PMID: 36647692 PMCID: PMC10010093 DOI: 10.1111/hex.13672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Using co-design processes, we aimed to develop an evidence-based decision guide for family carers and hospital professionals to support decision-making about eating and drinking for hospital patients with severe dementia. METHODS Following a systematic review, we interviewed people with mild dementia, family carers and hospital professionals in England. We then held co-design workshops with family carers and hospital professionals. In parallel with the workshops, we used a matrix to synthesize data from all studies and to develop a decision guide prototype. The prototype was iteratively refined through further co-design workshops and discussions among researchers and Patient and Public Involvement (PPI) representatives. We conducted user testing for final feedback and to finalize the decision guide. RESULTS Most participants acknowledged the limited benefits of tube feeding and would not use or want it for someone with severe dementia. However, they found decision-making processes and communication about nutrition and hydration were emotionally demanding and poorly supported in acute hospitals. The co-design groups developed the aims of the decision guide to support conversations and shared decision-making processes in acute hospitals, and help people reach evidence-based decisions. It was designed to clarify decision-making stages, provide information and elicit the values/preferences of everyone involved. It encouraged person-centred care, best-interests decision-making and multidisciplinary team working. From user testing, family carers and hospital professionals thought the decision guide could help initiate conversations and inform decisions. The final decision guide was disseminated and is being used in clinical practice in England. CONCLUSION We used rigorous and transparent processes to co-design the decision guide with everyone involved. The decision guide may facilitate conversations about nutrition and hydration and help people reach shared decisions that meet the needs and preferences of people with severe dementia. Future evaluation is required to test its real-world impacts. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION People with mild dementia, family carers and hospital professionals contributed to the design of the decision guide through the interviews and co-design workshops. PPI members helped design study procedures and materials and prepare this manuscript.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanthee Anantapong
- Marie Curie Palliative Care Research Department, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK.,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
| | - Andrea Bruun
- Marie Curie Palliative Care Research Department, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK.,Faculty of Health, Science, Social Care and Education, Kingston University, London, UK
| | - Anne Walford
- Family Carer, Patient and Public Involvement Panel, London, UK
| | - Christina H Smith
- Language and Cognition, Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jill Manthorpe
- NIHR Policy Research Unit in Health & Social Care Workforce, King's College London, London, UK.,NIHR Applied Research Collaboration (ARC) South London, London, UK
| | - Elizabeth L Sampson
- Marie Curie Palliative Care Research Department, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK.,Department of Psychological Medicine, Royal London Hospital, East London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Nathan Davies
- Marie Curie Palliative Care Research Department, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK.,Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health, Centre for Ageing Population Studies, University College London, London, UK
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Anantapong K, Davies N, Sampson EL. Communication between the multidisciplinary team and families regarding nutrition and hydration for people with severe dementia in acute hospitals: a qualitative study. Age Ageing 2022; 51:afac230. [PMID: 36434801 PMCID: PMC9701106 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afac230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND When a person with severe dementia is in hospital and has eating and drinking difficulties, communication between the multidisciplinary team and families can be challenging and lead to suboptimal care. OBJECTIVE To gain in-depth understanding about the experiences, views and needs of family carers and hospital staff, regarding communication and conversations about nutrition and hydration, for hospital patients with severe dementia. DESIGN Qualitative semi-structured interview study. SETTING Acute hospital in England. METHODS From January to May 2021, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 29 family carers and hospital staff. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using reflexive thematic methods. RESULTS Four overarching themes were developed: (i) prerequisites to initiating communication about eating and drinking; (ii) communication aiming to develop agreed care plans; (iii) difficulty discussing palliative and end-of-life care; and (iv) needs of information and plans about future eating and drinking difficulties. Families tended to wait for hospital staff to initiate discussions but usually experienced frustration with delays and repeated conversations with different staff. Some staff felt unprepared to manage these conversations and found it challenging to work across the multidisciplinary team. During discharge processes, key information and care plans about eating and drinking were not regularly passed on to people involved to avoid unnecessary readmissions. CONCLUSIONS In acute hospitals, family carers and hospital staff can have disjointed communications and conversations about nutrition and hydration for persons with severe dementia. Timely reassurance, ongoing discussions and clear information sharing will support communication between those involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanthee Anantapong
- Marie Curie Palliative Care Research Department, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
| | - Nathan Davies
- Marie Curie Palliative Care Research Department, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
- Centre for Ageing Population Studies, Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Elizabeth L Sampson
- Marie Curie Palliative Care Research Department, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Royal London Hospital, East London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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10
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Erel M, Marcus EL, Dekeyser-Ganz F. Practice of end-of-life care for patients with advanced dementia by hospital physicians and nurses: Comparison between medical and surgical wards. DEMENTIA 2022; 21:1328-1342. [PMID: 35344387 PMCID: PMC9109210 DOI: 10.1177/14713012221077533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with advanced dementia are commonly hospitalized in acute care wards, yet there is limited data regarding the end-of-life (EOL) care delivered to this population. The aim of the study was to examine EOL care delivered to patients with advanced dementia hospitalized on acute wards as reported by physicians and nurses. METHODS Participants were physicians and nurses from medical and surgical wards of two tertiary hospitals in Israel. Participants completed a self-report questionnaire evaluating EOL care experiences, knowledge, performance, assessment, communication, and perceived futile care regarding patients with dementia. RESULTS The questionnaire was completed by 315 providers. There were 190 medical ward respondents and 125 from general surgical wards. Of them, 48.6% recognized dementia as a terminal disease, while 26.0% of the participants reported that they knew the end-of-life preferences for less than 10% of their patients. Among the providers, 53.3% reported that end-of-life ward discussions took place only when there was a life-threatening situation and 11.1%-16.5% never engaged in end-of-life communication regarding EOL patient's preferences, appointing an attorney for the patient, disease trajectory or the essence of palliative care, with patients or their representatives. Only 17.1% reported "never" performing care they considered to be futile for patients with advanced dementia. Controlling for gender, age, role, position (senior/junior), and exposure to patients with advanced dementia, surgical ward respondents reported performing less EOL care than medical ward respondents in almost all aspects of palliative care. CONCLUSIONS Despite growing attention, a significant portion of staff in acute care wards do not report applying EOL care to patients with advanced dementia in clinical practice, especially surgical ward staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meira Erel
- 108369Henrietta Szold Hadassah University School of Nursing, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Esther-Lee Marcus
- Faculty of Medicine, 54621Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Geriatrics, 26733Herzog Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Freda Dekeyser-Ganz
- 108369Henrietta Szold Hadassah University School of Nursing, Jerusalem, Israel
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Jerusalem College of Technology, Jerusalem, Israel
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11
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Talking about future decision-making capacity and advance care planning in diagnosis disclosure of dementia. Int Psychogeriatr 2021; 33:1119-1121. [PMID: 33926599 DOI: 10.1017/s1041610221000648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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12
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van Hamersveld-Kramer M, Perry SIB, Lodewijks E, Vasse E, de van der Schueren MAE. Decision-making regarding oral nutritional supplements for nursing home residents with advanced dementia: A cross-sectional pilot study. J Hum Nutr Diet 2021; 35:58-67. [PMID: 34694055 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surrogate decision-making regarding oral nutritional supplements (ONS) for nursing home residents with advanced dementia is a complex process. In this cross-sectional study, we assessed whether Dutch dietitians, elderly care physicians (physicians) and surrogate decision-makers (SDMs) differ in the factors that they regard important when considering ONS. We also investigated differences in opinion regarding whether or not ONS is a life-prolonging measure. METHODS Through an online survey, 90 dietitians, 53 physicians and 70 SDMs of nursing home residents (all aged ≥ 65 years old with advanced dementia) rated the level of perceived influence of 11 pre-defined factors on their decision-making, ranked factors in order of importance and stated whether they considered ONS a life-prolonging measure or not. By statistical analysis, we tested differences in the mean sum of ranks for perceived influence differing between groups. We also tested differences in proportions between groups of those who considered ONS a life-prolonging measure. RESULTS Rating of perceived influence significantly differed for six factors. Quality of life was ranked as the most influential factor by all groups. Dietitians significantly differed in their opinion on the life-prolonging effect of ONS from physicians (odds ratio = 0.29, 95% confidence interval = 0.13-0.65), as well as from SDMs (odds ratio = 0.22, 95% confidence interval = 0.10-0.45). CONCLUSIONS Although all groups proclaimed quality of life to be first priority in decision-making, we found that Dutch dietitians, physicians and SDMs differed in what they regarded important when considering ONS for nursing home residents with advanced dementia. Regarding the life-prolonging effect of ONS, dietitians differed in opinion from physicians, as well as from SDMs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sander I B Perry
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eva Lodewijks
- Department of Dietetics, Florence Healthcare, Rijswijk, The Netherlands.,University Network for the Care Sector Zuid Holland, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Emmelyne Vasse
- Department of Dietetics, Gelderse Vallei Hospital, Ede, The Netherlands.,Dutch Malnutrition Steering Group, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marian A E de van der Schueren
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Lifestyle, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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13
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Anantapong K, Barrado-Martín Y, Nair P, Rait G, Smith CH, Moore KJ, Manthorpe J, Sampson EL, Davies N. How do people living with dementia perceive eating and drinking difficulties? A qualitative study. Age Ageing 2021; 50:1820-1828. [PMID: 34120181 PMCID: PMC8522686 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afab108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Eating and drinking problems are common among people living with later-stage
dementia, yet few studies have explored their perspectives. Objective This study aimed to explore how people living with mild dementia understand
possible future eating and drinking problems and their perspectives on
assistance. Design Qualitative study using semi-structured interviews. Setting Community. Methods We conducted semi-structured interviews with 19 people living with mild
dementia. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed
thematically. Results Five themes were identified: (i) awareness of eating and drinking problems;
(ii) food and drink representing an individual’s identity and agency;
(iii) delegating later decisions about eating and drinking to family carers;
(iv) acceptability of eating and drinking options; and (v) eating and
drinking towards the end of life. For people living with mild dementia,
possible later eating and drinking problems could feel irrelevant and action
may be postponed until they occur. Fears of being a burden to family and of
being treated like a child may explain reluctance to discuss such future
problems. People living with mild dementia might wish to preserve their
agency and maintain good quality of life, rather than be kept alive at later
stages by artificial nutrition and hydration. Conclusion For people with mild dementia, eating and drinking problems may seem
unrelated to them and so get left undiscussed. Negative connotations
regarding eating and drinking problems may hinder the discussion. The
optimal time to discuss possible future problems with eating and drinking
with people with mild dementia may need an individual approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanthee Anantapong
- Marie Curie Palliative Care Research Department, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
| | - Yolanda Barrado-Martín
- Centre for Ageing Population Studies, Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Pushpa Nair
- Centre for Ageing Population Studies, Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Greta Rait
- Centre for Ageing Population Studies, Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Christina H Smith
- Language and Cognition, Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kirsten J Moore
- Marie Curie Palliative Care Research Department, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
- National Ageing Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jill Manthorpe
- NIHR Policy Research Unit in Health & Social Care Workforce and NIHR Applied Research Collaborative (ARC) South London, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Elizabeth L Sampson
- Marie Curie Palliative Care Research Department, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
- Barnet Enfield and Haringey Mental Health Trust Liaison Team, North Middlesex University Hospital, Sterling Way, London, UK
| | - Nathan Davies
- Marie Curie Palliative Care Research Department, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
- Centre for Ageing Population Studies, Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK
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14
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Davies N, Barrado-Martín Y, Vickerstaff V, Rait G, Fukui A, Candy B, Smith CH, Manthorpe J, Moore KJ, Sampson EL. Enteral tube feeding for people with severe dementia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2021; 8:CD013503. [PMID: 34387363 PMCID: PMC8407048 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd013503.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The balance of benefits and harms associated with enteral tube feeding for people with severe dementia is not clear. An increasing number of guidelines highlight the lack of evidenced benefit and potential risks of enteral tube feeding. In some areas of the world, the use of enteral tube feeding is decreasing, and in other areas it is increasing. OBJECTIVES To assess the effectiveness and safety of enteral tube feeding for people with severe dementia who develop problems with eating and swallowing or who have reduced food and fluid intake. SEARCH METHODS We searched ALOIS, the Cochrane Dementia and Cognitive Improvement Group's register, MEDLINE, Embase, four other databases and two trials registers on 14 April 2021. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs), or controlled non-randomised studies. Our population of interest was adults of any age with a diagnosis of primary degenerative dementia of any cause, with severe cognitive and functional impairment, and poor nutritional intake. Eligible studies evaluated the effectiveness and complications of enteral tube feeding via a nasogastric or gastrostomy tube, or via jejunal post-pyloric feeding, in comparison with standard care or enhanced standard care, such as an intervention to promote oral intake. Our primary outcomes were survival time, quality of life, and pressure ulcers. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Three review authors screened citations and two review authors assessed full texts of potentially eligible studies against inclusion criteria. One review author extracted data, which were then checked independently by a second review author. We used the 'Risk Of Bias In Non-randomised Studies of Interventions' (ROBINS-I) tool to assess the risk of bias in the included studies. Risk of confounding was assessed against a pre-agreed list of key potential confounding variables. Our primary outcomes were survival time, quality of life, and pressure ulcers. Results were not suitable for meta-analysis, so we presented them narratively. We presented results separately for studies of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) feeding, nasogastric tube feeding and studies using mixed or unspecified enteral tube feeding methods. We used GRADE methods to assess the overall certainty of the evidence related to each outcome for each study. MAIN RESULTS We found no eligible RCTs. We included fourteen controlled, non-randomised studies. All the included studies compared outcomes between groups of people who had been assigned to enteral tube feeding or oral feeding by prior decision of a healthcare professional. Some studies controlled for a range of confounding factors, but there were high or very high risks of bias due to confounding in all studies, and high or critical risks of selection bias in some studies. Four studies with 36,816 participants assessed the effect of PEG feeding on survival time. None found any evidence of effects on survival time (low-certainty evidence). Three of four studies using mixed or unspecified enteral tube feeding methods in 310 participants (227 enteral tube feeding, 83 no enteral tube feeding) found them to be associated with longer survival time. The fourth study (1386 participants: 135 enteral tube feeding, 1251 no enteral tube feeding) found no evidence of an effect. The certainty of this body of evidence is very low. One study of PEG feeding (4421 participants: 1585 PEG, 2836 no enteral tube feeding) found PEG feeding increased the risk of pressure ulcers (moderate-certainty evidence). Two of three studies reported an increase in the number of pressure ulcers in those receiving mixed or unspecified enteral tube feeding (234 participants: 88 enteral tube feeding, 146 no enteral tube feeding). The third study found no effect (very-low certainty evidence). Two studies of nasogastric tube feeding did not report data on survival time or pressure ulcers. None of the included studies assessed quality of life. Only one study, using mixed methods of enteral tube feeding, reported on pain and comfort, finding no difference between groups. In the same study, a higher proportion of carers reported very heavy burden in the enteral tube feeding group compared to no enteral tube feeding. Two studies assessed the effect of nasogastric tube feeding on mortality (236 participants: 144 nasogastric group, 92 no enteral tube feeding). One study of 67 participants (14 nasogastric, 53 no enteral tube feeding) found nasogastric feeding was associated with increased mortality risk. The second study found no difference in mortality between groups. The certainty of this evidence is very low. Results on mortality for those using PEG or mixed methods of enteral tube feeding were mixed and the certainty of evidence was very low. There was some evidence from two studies for enteral tube feeding improving nutritional parameters, but this was very low-certainty evidence. Five studies reported a variety of harm-related outcomes with inconsistent results. The balance of evidence suggested increased risk of pneumonia with enteral tube feeding. None of the included studies assessed behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS We found no evidence that tube feeding improves survival; improves quality of life; reduces pain; reduces mortality; decreases behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia; leads to better nourishment; improves family or carer outcomes such as depression, anxiety, carer burden, or satisfaction with care; and no indication of harm. We found some evidence that there is a clinically significant risk of pressure ulcers from enteral tube feeding. Future research should focus on better reporting and matching of control and intervention groups, and clearly defined interventions, measuring all the outcomes referred to here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Davies
- Centre for Ageing Population Studies, Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Yolanda Barrado-Martín
- Centre for Ageing Population Studies, Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Victoria Vickerstaff
- Marie Curie Palliative Care Research Department, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Greta Rait
- Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Akiko Fukui
- Medical School, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Bridget Candy
- Marie Curie Palliative Care Research Department, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Christina H Smith
- Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jill Manthorpe
- NIHR Policy Research Unit in Health and Social Care Workforce, Policy Institute at King's, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Kirsten J Moore
- Marie Curie Palliative Care Research Department, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
- Melbourne Ageing Research Collaboration, National Ageing Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Elizabeth L Sampson
- Marie Curie Palliative Care Research Department, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
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15
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Davies N, De Souza T, Rait G, Meehan J, Sampson EL. Developing an applied model for making decisions towards the end of life about care for someone with dementia. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252464. [PMID: 34043728 PMCID: PMC8158904 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many people with dementia reach the end-of-life without an advance care plan. Many are not ready to have conversations about end-of-life, and decision-making is left to their families and professionals when they no longer have capacity. Carers may benefit from further support with decision-making. To develop this support, it is important to understand the decision-making process. AIM Explore with family carers and people living with dementia the decision-making process and factors that influence decision-making in dementia end of life care, to produce a model of decision-making in the context of dementia end-of-life care. METHODS Semi-structured interviews with 21 family carers and 11 people with dementia in England (2018-2019) from memory clinics, general practice and carer organisations. Interviews were analysed using thematic analysis and findings were mapped onto the Interprofessional Shared Decision Making model, refined to produce a modified model of decision-making in dementia. RESULTS Participants described five key decisions towards the end-of-life as examples of decision making. We used these experiences to produce a modified model of decision-making in dementia end-of-life-care. The model considers the contextual factors that influence the decision-making process, including: personal preferences; advance care planning and Lasting Power of Attorney; capacity and health and wellbeing of the person with dementia; support from others and clarity of roles. The decision-making process consists of seven inter-linked stages: 1) identifying the decision maker or team; 2) sharing and exchanging information; 3) clarifying values and preferences; 4) managing and considering emotions; 5) considering the feasibility of options; 6) balancing preferred choice and the actual choice; and 7) implementation and reflecting on outcomes. CONCLUSIONS The modified model breaks down the decision-making process and attempts to simplify the process while capturing the subtle nuances of decision making. It provides a framework for conversations and supporting decisions by carers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Davies
- Centre for Ageing Population Studies, Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Dementia Palliative Care Research, Division of Psychiatry, Marie Curie Palliative Care Research Department, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tanisha De Souza
- Centre for Ageing Population Studies, Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Greta Rait
- Centre for Ageing Population Studies, Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica Meehan
- Centre for Ageing Population Studies, Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth L. Sampson
- Centre for Dementia Palliative Care Research, Division of Psychiatry, Marie Curie Palliative Care Research Department, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Barnet Enfield and Haringey Mental Health Trust Liaison Team, North Middlesex University Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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16
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Sánchez-Sánchez E, Ruano-Álvarez MA, Díaz-Jiménez J, Díaz AJ, Ordonez FJ. Enteral Nutrition by Nasogastric Tube in Adult Patients under Palliative Care: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:1562. [PMID: 34066386 PMCID: PMC8148195 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutritional management of patients under palliative care can lead to ethical issues, especially when Enteral Nutrition (EN) is prescribed by nasogastric tube (NGT). The aim of this review is to know the current status in the management of EN by NG tube in patients under palliative care, and its effect in their wellbeing and quality of life. The following databases were used: PubMed, Web of Science (WOS), Scopus, Scielo, Embase and Medline. After inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, as well as different qualities screening, a total of three entries were used, published between 2015 and 2020. In total, 403 articles were identified initially, from which three were selected for this review. The use of NGT caused fewer diarrhea episodes and more restrictions than the group that did not use NG tubes. Furthermore, the use of tubes increased attendances to the emergency department, although there was no contrast between NGT and PEG devices. No statistical difference was found between use of tubes (NGT and PEG) or no use, with respect to the treatment of symptoms, level of comfort, and satisfaction at the end of life. Nevertheless, it improved hospital survival compared with other procedures, and differences were found in hospital stays in relation to the use of other probes or devices. Finally, there are not enough quality studies to provide evidence on improving the health status and quality of life of the use of EN through NGT in patients receiving palliative care. For this reason, decision making in this field must be carried out individually, weighing the benefits and damages that they can cause in the quality of life of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Sánchez-Sánchez
- Internal Medicine Department, Punta de Europa Hospital, Algeciras, 11207 Cádiz, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Universidad de Cádiz, 11009 Cádiz, Spain
| | | | - Jara Díaz-Jiménez
- Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, 11519 Puerto Real, Spain;
| | - Antonio Jesús Díaz
- Medicine Department, School of Nursing, University of Cadiz, Plaza Fragela s/n, 11003 Cadiz, Spain;
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