The development of a self-management evaluation scale for elderly adults with hypertension based on the capability, opportunity, and motivation-behaviour (COM-B) model

Effects of self-management interventions based on the COM-B model on peri-implant condition in older adults with periodontitis: a randomized controlled trial

OBJECTIVES

This study evaluated the impact of self-management interventions based on the COM-B model on peri-implant conditions in older adults with periodontitis.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The patients were randomly divided into two groups: Group 1 (control group) received only an oral health education (OHE) pamphlet. Group 2 (test group) performed a self-management intervention based on the COM-B model. Each patient was examined for the most inflammatory implant. The measurement parameters included self-efficacy, self-management ability, and clinical indicators such as probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP), modified gingival index (mGI), modified plaque index (mPI), and peri-implant mucositis severity score (PMSS). The data was collected at baseline, 4, 8, and 12 weeks.

RESULTS

42 patients underwent testing for 3 months. After 12 weeks, the improvement of self-efficacy, self-management ability, and the reduction of BOP, mPI, and PMSS in the test group was significantly higher than in the control group.

CONCLUSION

The study suggests that self-management interventions based on the COM-B model can enhance the self-management ability of older adults with periodontitis and reduce peri-implant inflammation. This method is more effective than distributing OHE pamphlets.

TRIAL REGISTRATION

The randomized controlled clinical trial was registered on Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (No. ChiCTR2400082660, Date: 03/04/2024).

Evaluation of the knowledge, attitude and practice towards ischaemic stroke among healthcare workers in neurology and neurosurgery department: a cross-sectional study in Shaanxi province, China

OBJECTIVES

Healthcare workers play an important role in the timely recognition and treatment of patients who had an ischaemic stroke. However, their knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) towards ischaemic stroke have not been well studied. This study aimed to assess the KAP towards ischaemic stroke among healthcare workers in the neurology and neurosurgery department in Shaanxi province, China.

DESIGN

Cross-sectional study.

SETTING

Medical centres in Shaanxi province.

PARTICIPANTS

Healthcare workers in the neurology and neurosurgery department at Shaanxi province.

PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES

Demographic characteristics and KAP towards ischaemic stroke were collected by a self-designed questionnaire.

RESULTS

A total of 259 (96.6%) valid questionnaires were collected. Their mean KAP scores were 19.56±3.72 (total score: 23), 36.56±3.56 (total score: 40) and 27.45±3.00 (total score: 30), respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that education (bachelor's degree or above vs college or below: OR=2.704 (1.286-5.685), p=0.009), gender (female vs male: OR=0.401 (0.227-0.710), p=0.002) and professional title (intermediate vs no title: OR=0.280 (0.107-0.731), p=0.009) were independently associated with good knowledge; knowledge score (OR=1.266 (1.157-1.387), p<0.001) and hospital (private hospital vs public hospital: OR=0.544 (0.313-0.944), p=0.030) were independently associated with good attitude; and attitude score (OR=1.480 (1.326-1.652), p<0.001), gender (female vs male: OR=0.511 (0.264-0.993), p=0.047) and occupation (other healthcare workers vs physicians: OR=0.252 (0.129-0.495), p<0.001) were independently associated with good practice.

CONCLUSION

The healthcare workers in the neurology and neurosurgery department demonstrated a satisfactory KAP towards ischaemic stroke. Targeted and tailored training programmes might be an optional way to improve their practice.

Development of the assessment standards of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) Geriatric Core Set through a modified Delphi method

BACKGROUND

There is currently a lack of functional assessment tools based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) theoretical framework that are specific for older adults.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of the present study was to develop Chinese assessment standards of the ICF Geriatric Core Set for functional evaluation of older adults.

METHODS

A two-stage study process was conducted to develop the assessment standards of the ICF Geriatric Core Set: establishment of candidate assessment standards, and a modified Delphi consensus process including a pilot survey and two-round formal expert survey. Thirty participants in the field of ICF and geriatric rehabilitation were recruited. The suitability of the assessment standards in the questionnaires was rated using a Likert 5-level scoring method. The arithmetic mean, the full mark ratio and the coefficient of variation (CV) were used as screening indicators for the assessment standards, and modification was made for several standards, in line with the Delphi results and the expert panel discussion.

RESULTS

Thirty-three candidate assessment standards belonging to 17 categories were generated. A total of 26 and 24 experts in the field of ICF and geriatric rehabilitation participated in the two-round survey, respectively. Five standards belonging to four categories entered into the second-round survey directly, five standards belonged to five categories entered with minor modification, and nine standards belonging to seven categories were redesigned based on the literature and discussion of the expert panel. In the second-round survey,15 assessment standards belonging to 15 categories met the screening requirements and four assessment standards belonged to the two remaining categories that needed a criterion and which the expert panel discussed for the final decision.

CONCLUSIONS

Using the modified Delphi method, the assessment standards of the ICF Geriatric Core Set have been developed.Future work should focus on the reliability and validity of the the assessment standards and their application to the health management of older adults.