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Scordo KA. It's Not a Spider Bite-It's MRSA! Adv Emerg Nurs J 2024; 46:33-37. [PMID: 38285419 DOI: 10.1097/tme.0000000000000496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Although there is an increased awareness of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), there remains a bias of the public and health-care workers to blame spiders as a cause of skin and soft tissue infection when there is no valid incriminated evidence for this assumption. MRSA is a formidable infection and remains a threat to human health. Recognition and proper treatment by practitioners remain of utmost importance to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Anne Scordo
- Infectious Diseases, TriHealth Hospitals, Cincinnati, Ohio, and University College of Nursing, Dayton, Ohio
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2
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Callejón Fernández M, Abreu Rodríguez R, Arias Á, Aguirre-Jaime A, Castro Hernández MB, Ramos Real MJ, Pedroso Fernández Y, Lecuona M. The Impact of MRSA Colonization on Healthcare-Associated Infections in Long-Term Care Facility Residents: A Whole-Genome Sequencing-Based Study. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2842. [PMID: 38137985 PMCID: PMC10745794 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11122842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonization has been considered a risk factor for the development of infection, however, there are no studies that have compared the colonizing and infecting strains using whole-genome sequencing (WGS). The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of and risk factors for MRSA colonization among long-term care facilities (LTCF) residents of Tenerife (Spain), and to analyze the epidemiological relationship between the colonizing and infecting strains using WGS. A point-prevalence study was carried out at 14 LTCFs in Tenerife from October 2020 to May 2021. Nasal swabs were cultured for MRSA. Colonized residents were followed up for two years. A phylogenetic comparison between colonization and infection strains was performed using WGS. A total of 764 residents were included. The prevalence of colonization by MRSA was 28.1% (n = 215), of which 12 (5.6%) subsequently developed infection. A close genetic relationship between colonization and infection isolates was found in three of the four (75%) residents studied. Our study confirms that colonized residents can develop serious MRSA infections from the same nasal colonization strain. Given the high prevalence of MRSA colonization in these centers, it is necessary to implement strategies with preventive measures to avoid the development of infection and the transmission of MRSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Callejón Fernández
- Microbiology and Infection Control Service, University Hospital of the Canary Island (HUC), 38320 La Laguna, Spain; (M.B.C.H.); (M.J.R.R.); (Y.P.F.); (M.L.)
- Doctoral Program in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Development and Quality of Life, University of La Laguna (ULL), Campus de Ofra s/n, 38071 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Rossana Abreu Rodríguez
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of La Laguna (ULL), Campus de Ofra s/n, 38200 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain; (R.A.R.); (Á.A.)
| | - Ángeles Arias
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of La Laguna (ULL), Campus de Ofra s/n, 38200 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain; (R.A.R.); (Á.A.)
| | - Armando Aguirre-Jaime
- Institute of Care Research, Nurses Association of Santa Cruz de Tenerife, C. San Martin, 63, 38001 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain;
| | - María Beatriz Castro Hernández
- Microbiology and Infection Control Service, University Hospital of the Canary Island (HUC), 38320 La Laguna, Spain; (M.B.C.H.); (M.J.R.R.); (Y.P.F.); (M.L.)
| | - María José Ramos Real
- Microbiology and Infection Control Service, University Hospital of the Canary Island (HUC), 38320 La Laguna, Spain; (M.B.C.H.); (M.J.R.R.); (Y.P.F.); (M.L.)
| | - Yanet Pedroso Fernández
- Microbiology and Infection Control Service, University Hospital of the Canary Island (HUC), 38320 La Laguna, Spain; (M.B.C.H.); (M.J.R.R.); (Y.P.F.); (M.L.)
| | - María Lecuona
- Microbiology and Infection Control Service, University Hospital of the Canary Island (HUC), 38320 La Laguna, Spain; (M.B.C.H.); (M.J.R.R.); (Y.P.F.); (M.L.)
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Arya R, Kim T, Youn JW, Bae T, Kim KK. Identification of an antivirulence agent targeting the master regulator of virulence genes in Staphylococcus aureus. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1268044. [PMID: 38029271 PMCID: PMC10644738 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1268044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of bactericidal antibiotic-resistant strains has increased the demand for alternative therapeutic agents, such as antivirulence agents targeting the virulence regulators of pathogens. Staphylococcus aureus exoprotein expression (sae) locus, the master regulator of virulence gene expression in multiple drug-resistant S. aureus, is a promising therapeutic target. In this study, we screened a small-molecule library using a SaeRS green fluorescent protein (GFP)-reporter that responded to transcription controlled by the sae locus. We identified the compound, N-(2-methylcyclohexyl)-11-oxo-10,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,f][1,4]thiazepine-8-carboxamide (SKKUCS), as an efficient repressor of sae-regulated GFP activity. SKKUCS inhibited hemolysin production and reduced α-hemolysin-mediated cell lysis. Moreover, SKKUCS substantially reduced the expression levels of various virulence genes controlled by the master regulators, sae, and the accessory gene regulator (agr), demonstrating its potential as an antivirulence reagent targeting the key virulence regulators. Furthermore, autokinase inhibition assay and molecular docking suggest that SKKUCS inhibits the kinase activity of SaeS and potentially targets the active site of SaeS kinase, possibly inhibiting ATP binding. Next, we evaluated the efficacy and toxicity of SKKUCS in vivo using murine models of staphylococcal intraperitoneal and skin infections. Treatment with SKKUCS markedly increased animal survival and significantly decreased the bacterial burden in organs and skin lesion sizes. These findings highlight SKKUCS as a potential antivirulence drug for drug-resistant staphylococcal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rekha Arya
- Department of Precision Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Institute of Antibacterial Resistance Research and Therapeutics, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Truc Kim
- Department of Precision Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Institute of Antibacterial Resistance Research and Therapeutics, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Won Youn
- Department of Precision Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Institute of Antibacterial Resistance Research and Therapeutics, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeok Bae
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine-Northwest, Gary, IN, United States
| | - Kyeong Kyu Kim
- Department of Precision Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Institute of Antibacterial Resistance Research and Therapeutics, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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Xiao CY, Huang J, Liu X, Sun ZL, Li RS, Li LY, Gibbons S, Mu Q. Natural Product BO-1 as an Inner Responsive Molecule Inhibits Antimicrobial-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus via Synergism. ACS Infect Dis 2023; 9:1523-1533. [PMID: 37417322 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, a Gram-positive bacterium that causes several difficult-to-treat human infections, is a considerable threat to global healthcare. We hypothesize that there exist inner responsive molecules (IRMs) which can function synergistically with antibiotics to restore the sensitivity of resistant bacteria to existing antibiotics without inducing new antibiotic resistance. An investigation of the extracts of the Chinese medicinal herb Piper betle L. led to the isolation of six benzoate esters, BO-1-BO-6. Among these, BO-1 as a distinct IRM displayed considerable synergism by potentiating antibacterial activity against five antibiotic-resistant S. aureus strains. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that BO-1 acted as a suppressing drug resistance IRM via inhibiting efflux activity. A combination of BO-1 with ciprofloxacin significantly inhibited resistance to this antibiotic and reversed its resistance in the S. aureus strain. Furthermore, BO-1 effectively enhanced the activity of ciprofloxacin against the efflux fluoroquinolone-resistant S. aureus strain SA1199B that caused infection in two animal models and significantly decreased the inflammatory factors IL-6 and C-reactive protein of the infected mice, thereby showing the practice utility of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Yun Xiao
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jiao Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhong-Lin Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Rong-Sheng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ling-Yun Li
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Simon Gibbons
- Centre for Natural Products Discovery, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, U.K
| | - Qing Mu
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
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Immergluck LC, Geng R, Li C, Edelson M, Lin X, Waller LA, Rust G, Xu J, Leong T, Baltrus P. Space-Time Trends of Community Onset Staphylococcus aureus Infections in Children: A Group Based Trajectory Modeling Approach. Ann Epidemiol 2023:S1047-2797(23)00045-5. [PMID: 36905976 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2023.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) remains a serious cause of infections in the U.S. and worldwide. In the U.S., methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) is the leading cause of skin and soft tissue infections. This study identifies 'best' to 'worst' infection trends from 2002 to 2016, using group-based trajectory modelling approach. METHODS Electronic health records of children living in the southeastern U.S. with S. aureus infections from 2002-2016 were retrospectively studied, by applying a group-based trajectory model to estimate infection trends (low, high, very high), and then assess spatial significance of these trends at the census tract level; we focused on community onset (CO) infections and not those considered healthcare acquired. RESULTS Three methicillin sensitive (MSSA) infection trends (low, high, very high) and three MRSA trends (low, high, very high) were identified from 2002-2016. Among census tracts with community onset (CO) S. aureus cases, 29% of tracts belonged to the best trend (low infection) for both MRSA and MSSA; higher proportions occurring in the less densely populated areas. Race disparities were seen with the worst MRSA infection trends and were more often in urban areas. CONCLUSIONS Group based trajectory modeling identified unique trends of S. aureus infection rates over time and space, giving insight into the associated population characteristics which reflect these trends of community onset infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilly Cheng Immergluck
- Morehouse School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology/Biochemistry/Immunology; Clinical Research Center -Pediatric Clinical & Translational Research Unit,720 Westview Dr., Atlanta, Georgia 30310, USA.
| | - Ruijin Geng
- Morehouse School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology/Biochemistry/Immunology; Clinical Research Center -Pediatric Clinical & Translational Research Unit,720 Westview Dr., Atlanta, Georgia 30310, USA
| | - Chaohua Li
- Morehouse School of Medicine, National Center for Primary Care, 720 Westview Dr., Atlanta, Georgia 30310, USA.
| | - Mike Edelson
- Interdev, 900 Holcomb Woods Parkway, Roswell, Georgia 30076 USA.
| | - Xiting Lin
- Morehouse School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology/Biochemistry/Immunology; Clinical Research Center -Pediatric Clinical & Translational Research Unit,720 Westview Dr., Atlanta, Georgia 30310, USA.
| | - Lance A Waller
- Emory University, Rollins School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, 201 Dowman Drive, Atlanta Georgia 30322, USA.
| | - George Rust
- Florida State University, Center for Medicine & Public Health, 1115 West Call Street, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA.
| | - Junjun Xu
- Ningbo Consulting, Inc, 1813 Cromwell Walk, Atlanta, Georgia 30338, USA.
| | - Traci Leong
- Emory University, Rollins School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, 201 Dowman Drive, Atlanta Georgia 30322, USA.
| | - Peter Baltrus
- Morehouse School of Medicine, National Center for Primary Care, 720 Westview Dr., Atlanta, Georgia 30310, USA.
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Pan N, Liu Y, Zhang H, Xu Y, Bao X, Sheng S, Liang Y, Liu B, Lyu Y, Li H, Ma F, Pan H, Wang X. Oral Vaccination with Engineered Probiotic Limosilactobacillus reuteri Has Protective Effects against Localized and Systemic Staphylococcus aureus Infection. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0367322. [PMID: 36723073 PMCID: PMC10100842 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03673-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive bacterium responsible for most hospital-acquired (nosocomial) and community-acquired infections worldwide. The only therapeutic strategy against S. aureus-induced infections, to date, is antibiotic treatment. A protective vaccine is urgently needed in view of the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains associated with high-mortality cases; however, no such vaccine is currently available. In our previous work, the feasibility of implementing a Lactobacillus delivery system for development of S. aureus oral vaccine was first discussed. Here, we describe systematic screening and evaluation of protective effects of engineered Lactobacillus against S. aureus infection in terms of different delivery vehicle strains and S. aureus antigens and in localized and systemic infection models. Limosilactobacillus reuteri WXD171 was selected as the delivery vehicle strain based on its tolerance of the gastrointestinal environment, adhesion ability, and antimicrobial activities in vitro and in vivo. We designed, constructed, and evaluated engineered L. reuteri strains expressing various S. aureus antigens. Among these, engineered L. reuteri WXD171-IsdB displayed effective protection against S. aureus-induced localized infection (pneumonia and skin infection) and, furthermore, a substantial survival benefit in systemic infection (sepsis). WXD171-IsdB induced mucosal responses in gut-associated lymphoid tissues, as evidenced by increased production of secretory IgA and interleukin 17A (IL-17A) and proliferation of lymphocytes derived from Peyer's patches. The probiotic L. reuteri-based oral vaccine appears to have strong potential as a prophylactic agent against S. aureus infections. Our findings regarding utilization of Lactobacillus delivery system in S. aureus vaccine development support the usefulness of this live vaccination strategy and its potential application in next-generation vaccine development. IMPORTANCE We systematically screened and evaluated protective effects of engineered Lactobacillus against S. aureus infection in terms of differing delivery vehicle strains and S. aureus antigens and in localized and systemic infection models. Engineered L. reuteri was developed and showed strong protective effects against both types of S. aureus-induced infection. Our findings regarding the utilization of a Lactobacillus delivery system in S. aureus vaccine development support the usefulness of this live vaccination strategy and its potential application in next-generation vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Haochi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Ying Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Xuemei Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Shouxin Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yanchen Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Bohui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yueqing Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Haotian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Fangfei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Haiting Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- Basic Medical College, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
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Whitaker CDO, Chamon RC, de Oliveira TLR, Nouér SA, Dos Santos KRN. Systemic infection caused by the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus USA300-LV lineage in a Brazilian child previously colonized. Braz J Infect Dis 2023; 27:102737. [PMID: 36608934 PMCID: PMC9905938 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2022.102737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) USA300-Latin American variant (USA300-LV) lineage is well documented in northern Latin American countries. It has replaced established clones in hospital environments. We herein report a systemic infection caused by a USA300-LV isolate in a 15-year-old boy, from a low-income area of Rio de Janeiro, previously colonized by the same strain. During hospital stay, seven pvl-positive MRSA USA300-LV isolates were recovered by nasal swab, blood and abscess secretion. The patient underwent intravenous vancomycin, daptomycin, and oral sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, and was discharged after 45 days after full recovery. This is the first documented case of a community-acquired MRSA infection caused by the USA300-LV variant in Brazil in a previously colonized adolescent with no history of recent travel outside of Rio de Janeiro. The need for improved surveillance programs to detect MRSA colonization in order to control the spread of hypervirulent lineages among community and hospital settings is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina de Oliveira Whitaker
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Departamento de Microbiologia Médica, Laboratório de Infecção Hospitalar, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Raiane Cardoso Chamon
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Patologia, Niterói, RJ, Brazil; Universidade Federal Fluminense, Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro, Unidade de Pesquisa Clínica, Laboratório de Microbiologia, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Tamara Lopes Rocha de Oliveira
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Departamento de Microbiologia Médica, Laboratório de Infecção Hospitalar, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Simone Aranha Nouér
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Faculdade de Medicina, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Kátia Regina Netto Dos Santos
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Departamento de Microbiologia Médica, Laboratório de Infecção Hospitalar, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Jega BG, Maishanu IM, Aliyu B, Kasim MN. Antibiotics Susceptibility Profile of Gram-Positive Bacteria from Primary Health Centers in Jega, Kebbi State. BORNEO JOURNAL OF PHARMACY 2022. [DOI: 10.33084/bjop.v5i3.3293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nosocomial or healthcare-associated infection (HCAI) is an infection acquired during receiving health care that was not present during admission. The research aimed to determine the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of gram-positive bacteria isolated from Primary Health Centers in Jega Town. A total of fifty (50) swab samples were collected from 10 different health centers and analyzed using the streak plate technique. Pure bacterial isolates were maintained and characterized using biochemical tests; their percentage of occurrence show; Staphylococcus aureus 18 (43.9%), Enterococcus feacalis 8 (19.5%), Streptococcus spp 8 (19.5%), Bacillus cereus 4 (9.8%), and Staphylococcus epidermidis 3 (7.3%). McFarland standard solution was prepared and used to control inoculants, after which the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the isolates was determined using the disc diffusion method. Staphylococcus epidermidis was resistant to Gentamycin, and other isolates were multi-drug resistant. In light of this research, there is a need for thorough disinfection and conscientious contact control procedures to minimize the spread of these pathogens in health centers where interaction between patients, HCWs, and caregivers is widespread and frequent.
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9
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Leng W, Wu X, Shi T, Xiong Z, Yuan L, Jin W, Gao R. Untargeted Metabolomics on Skin Mucus Extract of Channa argus against Staphylococcus aureus: Antimicrobial Activity and Mechanism. Foods 2021; 10:foods10122995. [PMID: 34945546 PMCID: PMC8701811 DOI: 10.3390/foods10122995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial contamination is one of the most common food safety issues that lead to food spoilage and foodborne illness, which readily affects the health of the masses as well as gives rise to huge economic losses. In this study, Channa argus was used as a source of antimicrobial agent that was then analyzed by untargeted metabolomics for its antibacterial mechanism against Staphylococcus aureus. The results indicated that the skin mucus extract of C. argus had great inhibitory action on the growth of S. aureus, and the morphology of S. aureus cells treated with the skin mucus extract exhibited severe morphological damage under scanning electron microscopy. In addition, metabolomics analysis revealed that skin mucus extract stress inhibited the primary metabolic pathways of S. aureus by inducing the tricarboxylic acid cycle and amino acid biosynthesis, which further affected the normal physiological functions of biofilms. In conclusion, the antimicrobial effect of the skin mucus extract is achieved by disrupting cell membrane functions to induce an intracellular metabolic imbalance. Hence, these results conduce to amass novel insights into the antimicrobial mechanism of the skin mucus extract of C. argus against S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Leng
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (W.L.); (X.W.); (T.S.); (Z.X.); (L.Y.)
| | - Xiaoyun Wu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (W.L.); (X.W.); (T.S.); (Z.X.); (L.Y.)
| | - Tong Shi
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (W.L.); (X.W.); (T.S.); (Z.X.); (L.Y.)
| | - Zhiyu Xiong
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (W.L.); (X.W.); (T.S.); (Z.X.); (L.Y.)
| | - Li Yuan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (W.L.); (X.W.); (T.S.); (Z.X.); (L.Y.)
| | - Wengang Jin
- Bio-Resources Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China;
| | - Ruichang Gao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (W.L.); (X.W.); (T.S.); (Z.X.); (L.Y.)
- Bio-Resources Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China;
- Correspondence:
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10
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Clegg J, Soldaini E, McLoughlin RM, Rittenhouse S, Bagnoli F, Phogat S. Staphylococcus aureus Vaccine Research and Development: The Past, Present and Future, Including Novel Therapeutic Strategies. Front Immunol 2021; 12:705360. [PMID: 34305945 PMCID: PMC8294057 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.705360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most important human pathogens worldwide. Its high antibiotic resistance profile reinforces the need for new interventions like vaccines in addition to new antibiotics. Vaccine development efforts against S. aureus have failed so far however, the findings from these human clinical and non-clinical studies provide potential insight for such failures. Currently, research is focusing on identifying novel vaccine formulations able to elicit potent humoral and cellular immune responses. Translational science studies are attempting to discover correlates of protection using animal models as well as in vitro and ex vivo models assessing efficacy of vaccine candidates. Several new vaccine candidates are being tested in human clinical trials in a variety of target populations. In addition to vaccines, bacteriophages, monoclonal antibodies, centyrins and new classes of antibiotics are being developed. Some of these have been tested in humans with encouraging results. The complexity of the diseases and the range of the target populations affected by this pathogen will require a multipronged approach using different interventions, which will be discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonah Clegg
- GSK, Siena, Italy
- Host Pathogen Interactions Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Rachel M. McLoughlin
- Host Pathogen Interactions Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Plataki MN, Ioannou P, Karakonstantis S, Bikis C, Maraki S, Samonis G, Kofteridis DP. Similar incidence of S. aureus infection in diabetic patients with and without nasal colonisation. Infect Dis (Lond) 2021; 53:888-889. [PMID: 34043479 DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2021.1934532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marina N Plataki
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Petros Ioannou
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | | | - Charalampos Bikis
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Sofia Maraki
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, University Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - George Samonis
- Department of Internal Medicine & Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Diamantis P Kofteridis
- Department of Internal Medicine & Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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A bacteriocin-based antimicrobial formulation to effectively disrupt the cell viability of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) biofilms. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2020; 6:58. [PMID: 33268776 PMCID: PMC7710749 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-020-00166-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic-resistant and biofilm-associated infections brought about by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains is a pressing issue both inside as well as outside nosocomial environments worldwide. Here, we show that a combination of two bacteriocins with distinct structural and functional characteristics, garvicin KS, and micrococcin P1, showed a synergetic antibacterial activity against biofilms produced in vitro by S. aureus, including several MRSA strains. In addition, this bacteriocin-based antimicrobial combination showed the ability to restore the sensitivity of the highly resilient MRSA strain ATCC 33591 to the β-lactam antibiotic penicillin G. By using a combination of bacterial cell metabolic assays, confocal and scanning electron microscopy, we show that the combination between garvicin KS, micrococcin P1, and penicillin G potently inhibit cell viability within S. aureus biofilms by causing severe cell damage. Together these data indicate that bacteriocins can be valuable therapeutic tools in the fight against biofilm-associated MRSA infections.
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One Health in hospitals: how understanding the dynamics of people, animals, and the hospital built-environment can be used to better inform interventions for antimicrobial-resistant gram-positive infections. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2020; 9:78. [PMID: 32487220 PMCID: PMC7268532 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-020-00737-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite improvements in hospital infection prevention and control, healthcare associated infections (HAIs) remain a challenge with significant patient morbidity, mortality, and cost for the healthcare system. In this review, we use a One Health framework (human, animal, and environmental health) to explain the epidemiology, demonstrate key knowledge gaps in infection prevention policy, and explore improvements to control Gram-positive pathogens in the healthcare environment. We discuss patient and healthcare worker interactions with the hospital environment that can lead to transmission of the most common Gram-positive hospital pathogens – methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile, and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus – and detail interventions that target these two One Health domains. We discuss the role of animals in the healthcare settings, knowledge gaps regarding their role in pathogen transmission, and the absence of infection risk mitigation strategies targeting animals. We advocate for novel infection prevention and control programs, founded on the pillars of One Health, to reduce Gram-positive hospital-associated pathogen transmission.
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