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Manish M, Verma S, Kandari D, Kulshreshtha P, Singh S, Bhatnagar R. Anthrax prevention through vaccine and post-exposure therapy. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2020; 20:1405-1425. [DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2020.1801626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Manish Manish
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Shashikala Verma
- Centre of Experimental Medicine & Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Divya Kandari
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Parul Kulshreshtha
- Department of Zoology, Shivaji College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Samer Singh
- Centre of Experimental Medicine & Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rakesh Bhatnagar
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
- Centre of Experimental Medicine & Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Xiong S, Zhou T, Zheng F, Liang X, Cao Y, Wang C, Feng Z, Tang Q, Zhu J. Different mechanisms of two anti-anthrax protective antigen antibodies and function comparison between them. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:940. [PMID: 31699037 PMCID: PMC6836657 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-4508-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacillus anthracis causes a highly lethal infectious disease primarily due to toxin-mediated injury. Antibiotics are no longer effective to treat the accumulation of anthrax toxin, thereby new strategies of antibody treatment are essential. Two anti- anthrax protective antigen (PA) antibodies, hmPA6 and PA21, have been reported by our lab previously. METHODS The mechanisms of the two antibodies were elucidated by Electrophoresis, Competitive Enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay, Western blot analysis and immunoprecipitation test, and in vitro, in vivo (F344 rats) treatment test. The epitopes of the two antibodies were proved by Western blot and Enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay with different domains of PA. RESULTS In this study, we compared affinity and neutralization of these two antibodies. PA21 was better in protecting cells and rats, whereas hmPA6 had higher affinity. Furthermore, the neutralization mechanisms of the two antibodies and their recognition domains of PA were studied. The results showed that hmPA6 recognized domain IV, thus PA could not bind to cell receptors. Conversely, PA21 recognized domain II, thereby limiting heptamer oligomerization of PA63 in cells. CONCLUSIONS Our studies elucidated the mechanisms and epitopes of hmPA6 and PA21. The present investigation can advance future use of the two antibodies in anthrax treatment or prophylaxis, and potentially as a combination treatment as the antibodies target different epitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siping Xiong
- Epidemiological Department, Huadong Medical Institute of Biotechniques, Nanjing, 210002, China.,Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique of Ministry of Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.,Department of Pathology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518033, Guangdong, China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- Epidemiological Department, Huadong Medical Institute of Biotechniques, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Feng Zheng
- Epidemiological Department, Huadong Medical Institute of Biotechniques, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Xudong Liang
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yongping Cao
- Epidemiological Department, Huadong Medical Institute of Biotechniques, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Chunhui Wang
- Epidemiological Department, Huadong Medical Institute of Biotechniques, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Zhengqin Feng
- Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique of Ministry of Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Qi Tang
- Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique of Ministry of Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| | - Jin Zhu
- Epidemiological Department, Huadong Medical Institute of Biotechniques, Nanjing, 210002, China. .,Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique of Ministry of Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
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Kondakova OA, Nikitin NA, Evtushenko EA, Ryabchevskaya EM, Atabekov JG, Karpova OV. Vaccines against anthrax based on recombinant protective antigen: problems and solutions. Expert Rev Vaccines 2019; 18:813-828. [PMID: 31298973 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2019.1643242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Anthrax is a dangerous bio-terror agent because Bacillus anthracis spores are highly resilient and can be easily aerosolized and disseminated. There is a threat of deliberate use of anthrax spores aerosol that could lead to serious fatal diseases outbreaks. Existing control measures against inhalation form of the disease are limited. All of this has provided an impetus to the development of new generation vaccines. Areas сovered: This review is devoted to challenges and achievements in the design of vaccines based on the anthrax recombinant protective antigen (rPA). Scientific databases have been searched, focusing on causes of PA instability and solutions to this problem, including new approaches of rPA expression, novel rPA-based vaccines formulations as well as the simultaneous usage of PA with other anthrax antigens. Expert opinion: PA is a central anthrax toxin component, playing a key role in the defense against encapsulated and unencapsulated strains. Subunit rPA-based vaccines have a good safety and protective profile. However, there are problems of PA instability that are greatly enhanced when using aluminum adjuvants. New adjuvant compositions, dry formulations and resistant to proteolysis and deamidation mutant PA forms can help to handle this issue. Devising a modern anthrax vaccine requires huge efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga A Kondakova
- a Department of Virology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University , Moscow , Russian Federation
| | - Nikolai A Nikitin
- a Department of Virology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University , Moscow , Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina A Evtushenko
- a Department of Virology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University , Moscow , Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina M Ryabchevskaya
- a Department of Virology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University , Moscow , Russian Federation
| | - Joseph G Atabekov
- a Department of Virology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University , Moscow , Russian Federation
| | - Olga V Karpova
- a Department of Virology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University , Moscow , Russian Federation
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