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Venkateswaran N, Swetschinski LR, Fastl C, Bari CD, Criscuolo NG, Mulchandani R, Zhao C, Meštrović T, Ikuta KS, Martins SB, Coyne LA, Afonso JS, Huntington B, Rushton J, Devleesschauwer B, Sartorius B, Van Boeckel TP, Pigott DM. Using priorities between human and livestock bacterial antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to identify data gaps in livestock AMR surveillance. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:1027. [PMID: 39327564 PMCID: PMC11425882 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09847-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacterial antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global threat to both humans and livestock. Despite this, there is limited global consensus on data-informed, priority areas for intervention in both sectors. We compare current livestock AMR data collection efforts with other variables pertinent to human and livestock AMR to identify critical data gaps and mutual priorities. METHODS We globally synthesized livestock AMR data from open-source surveillance reports and point prevalence surveys stratified for six pathogens (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, non-typhoidal Salmonella, Campylobacter spp., Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium) and eleven antimicrobial classes important in human and veterinary use, published between 2000 and 2020. We also included all livestock species represented in the data: cattle, chickens, pigs, sheep, turkeys, ducks, horses, buffaloes, and goats. We compared this data with intended priorities calculated from: disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), livestock antimicrobial usage (AMU), livestock biomass, and a global correlation exercise between livestock and human proportion of resistant isolates. RESULTS Resistance to fluoroquinolones and macrolides in Staphylococcus aureus were identified as priorities in many countries but, less than 10% of these reported livestock AMR data. Resistance data for Escherichia coli specific to cattle, chickens, and pigs, which we prioritized, were also well collected. AMR data collection on non-typhoidal Salmonella and other livestock species were often not prioritized. Of 232 categories prioritized by at least one country, data were only collected for 48% (n = 112). CONCLUSIONS The lack of livestock AMR data globally for broad resistance in Staphylococcus aureus could underplay their zoonotic threat. Countries can bolster livestock AMR data collection, reporting, and intervention setting for Staphylococcus aureus as done for Escherichia coli. This framework can provide guidance on areas to strengthen AMR surveillance and decision-making for humans and livestock, and if done routinely, can adapt to resistance trends and priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narmada Venkateswaran
- Global Burden of Animal Diseases Programme, .
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Department of Health Metrics Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Lucien R Swetschinski
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Department of Health Metrics Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Christina Fastl
- Global Burden of Animal Diseases Programme
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Carlotta Di Bari
- Global Burden of Animal Diseases Programme
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | | | | | - Cheng Zhao
- Health Geography and Policy Group, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tomislav Meštrović
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Department of Health Metrics Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- University Centre Varaždin, University North, Varaždin, Croatia
| | - Kevin S Ikuta
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Department of Health Metrics Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Veterans Affairs, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sara Babo Martins
- Global Burden of Animal Diseases Programme
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK
| | - Lucy A Coyne
- National Office of Animal Health Ltd, 25 Town Square, Stevenage, SG1 1BP, UK
| | - João Sucena Afonso
- Global Burden of Animal Diseases Programme
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK
| | - Ben Huntington
- Global Burden of Animal Diseases Programme
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK
- Pengwern Animal Health Ltd, 259 Wallasey Village, Wallasey Wirral, Merseyside, UK
| | - Jonathan Rushton
- Global Burden of Animal Diseases Programme
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK
| | - Brecht Devleesschauwer
- Global Burden of Animal Diseases Programme
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Benn Sartorius
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Department of Health Metrics Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Faculty of Medicine, UQ Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Thomas P Van Boeckel
- One Health Trust, Washington, D.C., USA
- One Health Institute, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Spatial Epidemiology Lab, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - David M Pigott
- Global Burden of Animal Diseases Programme
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Department of Health Metrics Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Saleem Z, Haseeb A, Abuhussain SSA, Moore CE, Kamran SH, Qamar MU, Azmat A, Pichierri G, Raees F, Asghar S, Saeed A, Amir A, Hashmi FK, Meyer JC, Sefah IA, Rehman IU, Nadeem MU, Godman B. Antibiotic Susceptibility Surveillance in the Punjab Province of Pakistan: Findings and Implications. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1215. [PMID: 37512028 PMCID: PMC10383515 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59071215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The increase in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) across countries has seriously impacted the effective management of infectious diseases, with subsequent impact on morbidity, mortality and costs. This includes Pakistan. Antimicrobial surveillance activities should be mandatory to continually assess the extent of multidrug-resistant bacteria and the implications for future empiric prescribing. The objective of this retrospective observational study was to monitor the susceptibility pattern of microbes in Pakistan. Materials and Methods: Clinical samples from seven laboratories in Punjab, Pakistan were collected between January 2018 and April 2019, with Punjab being the most populous province in Pakistan. The isolates were identified and their antimicrobial susceptibility was tested using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion assay and micro broth dilution methods. The antibiotics assessed were those typically prescribed in Pakistan. Results: In total, 2523 bacterial cultural reports were studied. The most frequently isolated pathogens were Staphylococcus aureus (866, 34.3%), followed by Escherichia coli (814, 32.2%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (454, 18.0%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (269, 10.7%). Most pathogens were isolated from pus (1464, 58.0%), followed by urine (718, 28.5%), blood (164, 6.5%) and sputum (81, 3.2%). Conclusions: The findings suggest that current antimicrobial options are severally restricted in Pakistan due to the emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens. This calls for urgent actions including initiating antimicrobial stewardship programs to enhance prudent prescribing of antibiotics. This includes agreeing on appropriate empiric therapy as part of agreed guidelines, in line with the WHO EML and AWaRe book, whilst awaiting culture reports. This is alongside other measures to reduce inappropriate antimicrobial prescribing and reverse the threat of rising AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zikria Saleem
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Haseeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Umm AL-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Catrin E. Moore
- Centre for Neonatal and Paediatric Infection, St. George’s University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Sairah Hafeez Kamran
- Institute of Pharmacy, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Usman Qamar
- Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Aisha Azmat
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Giuseppe Pichierri
- Microbiology Department, Torbay and South Devon Foundation Trust, Lowes Bridge Torbay Hospital, Torquay TQ2 7AA, UK
| | - Fahad Raees
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahzad Asghar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of South Asia, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Amna Saeed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pak-Austria Fachhochschule, Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, Haripur 22620, Pakistan
| | - Afreenish Amir
- Department of Microbiology, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan
- National Institute of Health, Park Road, Islamabad 45501, Pakistan
| | - Furqan Khurshid Hashmi
- Punjab University College of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Johanna C. Meyer
- Department of Public Health Pharmacy and Management, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0208, South Africa
- South African Vaccination and Immunisation Centre, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0208, South Africa
| | - Israel Abebrese Sefah
- Pharmacy Practice Department, School of Pharmacy, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho PMB 31, Ghana
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Strathclyde University, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Inaam Ur Rehman
- Punjab University College of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Umer Nadeem
- Punjab University College of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Brian Godman
- Department of Public Health Pharmacy and Management, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0208, South Africa
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Strathclyde University, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
- Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
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Griskaitis M, Furuya-Kanamori L, Allel K, Stabler R, Harris P, Paterson DL, Yakob L. β-Lactam-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae Dynamics Following Treatment: A Dose-Response Meta-analysis. Clin Infect Dis 2022; 75:1962-1970. [PMID: 35438765 PMCID: PMC9710638 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciac293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patient exposure to antibiotics promotes the emergence of drug-resistant pathogens. The aim of this study was to identify whether the temporal dynamics of resistance emergence at the individual-patient level were predictable for specific pathogen-drug classes. METHODS Following a systematic review, a novel robust error meta-regression method for dose-response meta-analysis was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) for carrying resistant bacteria during and following treatment compared to baseline. Probability density functions fitted to the resulting dose-response curves were then used to optimize the period during and/or after treatment when resistant pathogens were most likely to be identified. RESULTS Studies of Streptococcus pneumoniae treatment with β-lactam antibiotics demonstrated a peak in resistance prevalence among patients 4 days after completing treatment with a 3.32-fold increase in odds (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.71-6.46). Resistance waned more gradually than it emerged, returning to preexposure levels 1 month after treatment (OR, 0.98 [95% CI, .55-1.75]). Patient isolation during the peak dose-response period would be expected to reduce the risk that a transmitted pathogen is resistant equivalently to a 50% longer isolation window timed from the first day of treatment. CONCLUSIONS Predictable temporal dynamics of resistance levels have implications both for surveillance and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matas Griskaitis
- Institute for Medical Biometry, Epidemiology and Computer Science, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Kasim Allel
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Stabler
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick Harris
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - David L Paterson
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Laith Yakob
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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Wu L, Gao Y, Zhao C, Huang D, Chen W, Lin X, Liu A, Lin L. Synthesis of curcumin-quaternized carbon quantum dots with enhanced broad-spectrum antibacterial activity for promoting infected wound healing. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 133:112608. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Karaca N, Şener G, Demirci B, Demirci F. Synergistic antibacterial combination of Lavandula latifolia Medik. essential oil with camphor. Z NATURFORSCH C 2021; 76:169-173. [PMID: 33128531 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2020-0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Combination of various compounds and essential oils for pharmaceutical formulations withdraw attention. In this present study, it was aimed to evaluate the in vitro potential synergistic antibacterial effect of Lavandula latifolia (spike lavender) essential oil with camphor by using the checkerboard method against the human pathogens; Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes. Pharmacopoeia quality L. latifolia essential oil and racemic camphor were analyzed and verified by GC-FID and GC/MS, simultaneously. In vitro antibacterial activity of essential oil and camphor (MIC range: 0.16-20 mg/mL) and standard antimicrobial clarithromycin (MIC range: 0.125-16 μg/mL) were carried out by broth microdilution against S. aureus and L. monocytogenes standard strains, respectively. Resulting antibacterial effects were evaluated for their fractional inhibitory concentrations (FICs) as antagonistic, additive and synergistic effects. The analytical results showed that the major component of essential oil was linalool (45.2%) and 1,8-cineole (25.6%). Antibacterial effects of essential oil were determined as MIC 1.25-5 mg/mL. As a result of the experiments, L. latifolia essential oil-camphor combinations were identified as "synergistic (FIC ≤ 0.5), and additive (0.5 < FIC ≤ 1)" in the respective combinations, suggesting further evaluation for formulations for potential antimicrobial applications in food and pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nursenem Karaca
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Görkem Şener
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Betül Demirci
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Fatih Demirci
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470, Eskişehir, Turkey.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, 99628, N.Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkey
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