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Ben-Amram H, Azrad M, Cohen-Assodi J, Sharabi-Nov A, Edelstein S, Agay-Shay K, Peretz A. Biofilm Formation by Hospital-Acquired Resistant Bacteria Isolated from Respiratory Samples. J Epidemiol Glob Health 2024; 14:291-297. [PMID: 38564110 PMCID: PMC11176280 DOI: 10.1007/s44197-024-00215-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hospital-acquired resistant infections (HARI) are infections, which develop 48 h or more after admission to a healthcare facility. HARI pose a considerably acute challenge, due to limited treatment options. These infections are associated bacterial biofilms, which act as a physical barrier to diverse external stresses, such as desiccation, antimicrobials and biocides. We assessed the influence of multiple factors on biofilm production by HARI -associated bacteria. METHODS Bacteria were isolated from samples of patients with respiratory HARI who were hospitalized during 2020-2022 in north Israel. Following antibiotic susceptibility testing by disc diffusion or broth microdilution, biofilm formation capacities of resistant bacteria (methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus, extended spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiela pneumonia, and multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii) was assessed using the crystalline violet staining method. Data regarding season, time to infection, bacterial species, patient age and gender, year, and medical department were collected from the patient medical records. RESULTS Among the 226 study isolates, K. pneumonia was the most prevalent (35.4%) bacteria, followed by P. aeruginosa (23.5%), and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (21.7%). A significantly higher rate of HARI was documented in 2022 compared to 2020-2021. The majority of isolates (63.3%) were strong biofilm producers, with K. pneumonia (50.3%) being most dominant, followed by P. aeruginosa (29.4%). Biofilm production strength was significantly affected by seasonality and hospitalization length, with strong biofilm production in autumn and in cases where hospitalization length exceeded 30 days. CONCLUSION Biofilm production by HARI bacteria is influenced by bacterial species, season and hospitalization length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hila Ben-Amram
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
- The Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Ziv Medical Center, Affiliated with Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Maya Azrad
- The Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Tzafon Medical Center, Affiliated with Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Jackie Cohen-Assodi
- The Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Ziv Medical Center, Affiliated with Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | | | - Shimon Edelstein
- The Infectious Diseases, Ziv Medical Center, Affiliated with Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, 1311502, Safed, Israel
| | - Keren Agay-Shay
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Avi Peretz
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel.
- The Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Tzafon Medical Center, Affiliated with Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed, Israel.
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Kallel H, Pujo JM, Resiere D. Antibiotic Therapy and Prophylaxis for Snake-Bitten Patients. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2024; 110:845-846. [PMID: 38507806 PMCID: PMC11066363 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.24-0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hatem Kallel
- Intensive Care Unit, Cayenne General Hospital, French Guiana
- Tropical Biome and Immunopathology CNRS UMR-9017, Inserm U 1019, Université de Guyane, French Guiana
| | - Jean Marc Pujo
- Tropical Biome and Immunopathology CNRS UMR-9017, Inserm U 1019, Université de Guyane, French Guiana
- Emergency Department, Cayenne General Hospital, French Guiana
| | - Dabor Resiere
- Intensive Care Unit, Martinique University Hospital, Martinique, France
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Lai CH, Wong MY, Huang TY, Kao CC, Lin YH, Lu CH, Huang YK. Exploration of agr types, virulence-associated genes, and biofilm formation ability in Staphylococcus aureus isolates from hemodialysis patients with vascular access infections. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1367016. [PMID: 38681224 PMCID: PMC11045986 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1367016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Staphylococcus aureus, is a pathogen commonly encountered in both community and hospital settings. Patients receiving hemodialysis treatment face an elevated risk of vascular access infections (VAIs) particularly Staphylococcus aureus, infection. This heightened risk is attributed to the characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus, , enabling it to adhere to suitable surfaces and form biofilms, thereby rendering it resistant to external interventions and complicating treatment efforts. Methods Therefore this study utilized PCR and microtiter dish biofilm formation assay to determine the difference in the virulence genes and biofilm formation among in our study collected of 103 Staphylococcus aureus, isolates from hemodialysis patients utilizing arteriovenous grafts (AVGs), tunneled cuffed catheters (TCCs), and arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) during November 2013 to December 2021. Results Our findings revealed that both MRSA and MSSA isolates exhibited strong biofilm production capabilities. Additionally, we confirmed the presence of agr types and virulence genes through PCR analysis. The majority of the collected isolates were identified as agr type I. However, agr type II isolates displayed a higher average number of virulence genes, with MRSA isolates exhibiting a variety of virulence genes. Notably, combinations of biofilm-associated genes, such as eno-clfA-clfB-fib-icaA-icaD and eno-clfA-clfB-fib-fnbB-icaA-icaD, were prevalent among Staphylococcus aureus, isolates obtained from vascular access infections. Discussion These insights contribute to a better understanding of the molecular characteristics associated with Staphylococcus aureus, infections in hemodialysis patients and provided more targeted and effective treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Hsiang Lai
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Min Yi Wong
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Yu Huang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chen Kao
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hui Lin
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Hsueh Lu
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Kuang Huang
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Chiayi Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Chiayi, Taiwan
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Alghamdi M, Al-Judaibi E, Al-Rashede M, Al-Judaibi A. Comparative De Novo and Pan-Genome Analysis of MDR Nosocomial Bacteria Isolated from Hospitals in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2432. [PMID: 37894090 PMCID: PMC10609288 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria are one of the most serious threats to public health, and one of the most important types of MDR bacteria are those that are acquired in a hospital, known as nosocomial. This study aimed to isolate and identify MDR bacteria from selected hospitals in Jeddah and analyze their antibiotic-resistant genes. Bacteria were collected from different sources and wards of hospitals in Jeddah City. Phoenix BD was used to identify the strains and perform susceptibility testing. Identification of selected isolates showing MDR to more than three classes on antibiotics was based on 16S rRNA gene and whole genome sequencing. Genes conferring resistance were characterized using de novo and pan-genome analyses. In total, we isolated 108 bacterial strains, of which 75 (69.44%) were found to be MDR. Taxonomic identification revealed that 24 (32%) isolates were identified as Escherichia coli, 19 (25.3%) corresponded to Klebsiella pneumoniae, and 17 (22.67%) were methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Among the Gram-negative bacteria, K. pneumoniae isolates showed the highest resistance levels to most antibiotics. Of the Gram-positive bacteria, S. aureus (MRSA) strains were noticed to exhibit the uppermost degree of resistance to the tested antibiotics, which is higher than that observed for K. pneumoniae isolates. Taken together, our results illustrated that MDR Gram-negative bacteria are the most common cause of nosocomial infections, while MDR Gram-positive bacteria are characterized by a wider antibiotic resistance spectrum. Whole genome sequencing found the appearance of antibiotic resistance genes, including SHV, OXA, CTX-M, TEM-1, NDM-1, VIM-1, ere(A), ermA, ermB, ermC, msrA, qacA, qacB, and qacC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molook Alghamdi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Microbiology Section, Faculty of Science, Jeddah University, Jeddah 21959, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (E.A.-J.)
| | - Effat Al-Judaibi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Microbiology Section, Faculty of Science, Jeddah University, Jeddah 21959, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (E.A.-J.)
| | | | - Awatif Al-Judaibi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Microbiology Section, Faculty of Science, Jeddah University, Jeddah 21959, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (E.A.-J.)
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Chang SC, Kao CY, Lin LC, Hidrosollo JH, Lu JJ. Lugdunin production and activity in Staphylococcus lugdunensis isolates are associated with its genotypes. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0129823. [PMID: 37732790 PMCID: PMC10580833 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01298-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Lugdunin produced by Staphylococcus lugdunensis has been shown to have broad inhibitory activity against Gram-positive bacteria; however, lugdunin activity among S. lugdunensis isolates and its association with different agr, SCCmec, and sequence types remain unclear. We used matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry to identify S. lugdunensis and collected 202 S. lugdunensis samples for further assays. Agar spot tests were performed to characterize S. lugdunensis lugdunin production and activity. Multilocus sequence typing, SCCmec, and agr genotyping were performed on S. lugdunensis. In all, 91 Staphylococcus aureus strains with varying vancomycin susceptibilities were used to examine lugdunin activity in S. lugdunensis. In total, 48 S. lugdunensis strains (23.8%) were found to be oxacillin-resistant S. lugdunensis (ORSL), whereas 154 (76.2%) were classified as oxacillin-sensitive S. lugdunensis (OSSL). Moreover, 16 (33.3%) ORSL and 35 (22.7%) OSSL strains showed antibacterial activity against S. aureus. Our data showed that most lugdunin-producing ORSL strains (14/48, 29.2%) were of ST3-SCCmec V-agr II genotypes, whereas most lugdunin-producing OSSL strains (15/154, 9.7%) were of ST3-agr II, followed by ST1-agr I (10/154, 6.5%). Our data also revealed that lugdunin exhibited weak inhibitory activity against the VISA ST239 isolate. In addition, we observed that ST239 VSSA was more resistant to lugdunin than ST5, ST59, and ST45 VSSA. Taken together, our data pioneered the epidemiology of lugdunin production in S. lugdunensis isolates and revealed its association with genotypes. However, further molecular and bioinformatics investigations are needed to elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of lugdunin production and activity. IMPORTANCE Lugdunin is active against both methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant enterococci by dissipating their membrane potential. However, the association of lugdunin activity with the genotypes of Staphylococcus lugdunensis has not been addressed. Here, we show the high prevalence of lugdunin-producing strains among ST1 (83.3%), ST2 (66.7%), and ST3 (53.3%) S. lugdunensis. Moreover, we identified the antibacterial activity of lugdunin-producing strains against VISA and hVISA. These results shed light on the potential application of lugdunin for the treatment of drug-resistant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Cheng Chang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yen Kao
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Life Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lee-Chung Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jazon Harl Hidrosollo
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Life Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jang-Jih Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Abdulmanea AA, Alharbi NS, Somily AM, Khaled JM, Algahtani FH. The Prevalence of the Virulence Genes of Staphylococcus aureus in Sickle Cell Disease Patients at KSUMC, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1221. [PMID: 37508317 PMCID: PMC10416153 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12071221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus in the blood of sickle cell disease (SCD) patients may result in a significant increase in morbidity and mortality. S. aureus strains contain various virulence characteristics, including the ability to create a variety of toxins and develop drug resistance. The current study sought to assess the prevalence of S. aureus in SCD patients and to identify the pathogen's virulence characteristics. Between 2017 and 2021, blood samples and data were collected at King Saud University Medical City (KSUMC) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The Vitek system PCR and gene sequencing methods were used for identification, antibiotic resistance patterns, and genetic analysis. During the study period, 47 S. aureus blood isolates (methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) 41.6% and non-MRSA 58.4%) were isolated from 2406 SCD patients. The prevalence percentages of virulence genes (finbB, sdrC, sdrD, icaA, coa, nuc, hlg, hla, finbA, clfA, efb, pvl, agr, spa, seb, sea, sec, tst, and sed) among all the isolates from the SCD patients compared with non-SCD patients (control group) were as follows: (100% vs. 100%), (100% vs. 100%), (100% vs. 100%), (100% vs. 87.5%), (100% vs. 81.3%), (100% vs. 100%), (100% vs. 100%), (100% vs. 100%), (97.9% vs. 81.3%), (97.9% vs. 100%), (97.9% vs. 87.5%), (54.3% vs. 56.3%), (46.8% vs. 75%), (42.6% vs. 43.8%), (27.7% vs. 0%), (25.5% vs. 12.5%), (12.8% vs. 6.3%), (4.3% vs. 12.5%), and (4.3% vs. 0%). Regarding the resistance genes (plaZ, mecA, ermA, ermC, tetK, tetM, and ermB) of the S. aureus strains isolated from the SCD patients compared with non-SCD patients (control group), the prevalence percentages were as follows: (100% vs. 100%), (100% vs. 56.3%), (0% vs. 31.3%), (31.9% vs. 18.8%), (40.4% vs. 25%), (0% vs. 0%), and (0% vs. 0%). As for the antibiotic (ampicillin, penicillin, amoxicillin, cefazolin, imipenem, oxacillin, erythromycin, tetracycline, azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and levofloxacin) resistance of the S. aureus strains isolated from the SCD patients compared with non-SCD patients (control group), the prevalence percentages were as follows: (100% vs. 100%), (97.9% vs. 100%), (72.3% vs. 25%), (68.1% vs. 37.5%), (68.1% vs. 25%), (66% vs. 25%), (36.2% vs. 18.8%), (23.4% vs. 12.5%), (19.1% vs. 12.5%), (17% vs. 12.5%), (14.9% vs. 25%), and (10.6% vs. 18.7%). This study concluded that several virulence genes were present in the S. aureus strains recovered from the SCD patients at KSUMC, with all the isolates containing the finbB, sdrC, sdrD, icaA, coa, nuc, hlg, and hla genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel A. Abdulmanea
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (N.S.A.); (J.M.K.)
| | - Naiyf S. Alharbi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (N.S.A.); (J.M.K.)
| | - Ali M. Somily
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Saud University and King Saud University Medical City, P.O. Box 2925, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Jamal M. Khaled
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (N.S.A.); (J.M.K.)
| | - Farjah H. Algahtani
- Department of Hematology, College of Medicine, King Saud University and King Saud University Medical City, P.O. Box 2925, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
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Polaske TJ, West KHJ, Zhao K, Widner DL, York JT, Blackwell HE. Chemical and biomolecular insights into the Staphylococcus aureus agr quorum sensing system: Current progress and ongoing challenges. Isr J Chem 2023; 63:e202200096. [PMID: 38765792 PMCID: PMC11101167 DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202200096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a ubiquitous bacterium that has become a major threat to human health due to its extensive toxin production and tremendous capacity for antibiotic resistance (e.g., MRSA "superbug" infections). Amid a worsening antibiotic resistance crisis, new strategies to combat this deadly microbe that remove the selective pressure of traditional approaches are in high demand. S. aureus utilizes an accessory gene regulator (agr) quorum sensing network to monitor its local cellular population and trigger a devastating communal attack, like an invading horde, once a threshold cell density has been reached. The role of the agr system in a range of disease types is still being unraveled. Herein, we discuss the present-day biochemical understanding of agr along with unresolved details, describe its connection to the progression of infection, and review how chemical strategies have been implemented to study and intercept this signaling pathway. This research is illuminating the potential of agr as an anti-virulence target in S. aureus and should inform the study of similar, yet less studied, agr systems in related bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. Polaske
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1101 University Ave., Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - Korbin H. J. West
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1101 University Ave., Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - Ke Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1101 University Ave., Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - Danielle L. Widner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1101 University Ave., Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - Jordan T. York
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1101 University Ave., Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - Helen E. Blackwell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1101 University Ave., Madison, WI 53706 USA
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Martínez A, Stashenko EE, Sáez RT, Zafra G, Ortiz C. Effect of Essential Oil from Lippia origanoides on the Transcriptional Expression of Genes Related to Quorum Sensing, Biofilm Formation, and Virulence of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12050845. [PMID: 37237748 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12050845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial infections resistant to conventional antibiotics constitute one of the most important causes of mortality in the world. In some bacterial species, such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus pathogens, biofilm formation can favor their antimicrobial resistance. These biofilm-forming bacteria produce a compact and protective matrix, allowing their adherence and colonization to different surfaces, and contributing to resistance, recurrence, and chronicity of the infections. Therefore, different therapeutic alternatives have been investigated to interrupt both cellular communication routes and biofilm formation. Among these, essential oils (EO) from Lippia origanoides thymol-carvacrol II chemotype (LOTC II) plants have demonstrated biological activity against different biofilm-forming pathogenic bacteria. In this work, we determined the effect of LOTC II EO on the expression of genes associated with quorum sensing (QS) communication, biofilm formation, and virulence of E. coli ATCC 25922 and S. aureus ATCC 29213. This EO was found to have high efficacy against biofilm formation, decreasing-by negative regulation-the expression of genes involved in motility (fimH), adherence and cellular aggregation (csgD), and exopolysaccharide production (pgaC) in E. coli. In addition, this effect was also determined in S. aureus where the L. origanoides EO diminished the expression of genes involved in QS communication (agrA), production of exopolysaccharides by PIA/PNG (icaA), synthesis of alpha hemolysin (hla), transcriptional regulators of the production of extracellular toxins (RNA III), QS and biofilm formation transcriptional regulators (sarA) and global regulators of biofilm formation (rbf and aur). Positive regulation was observed on the expression of genes encoding inhibitors of biofilm formation (e.g., sdiA and ariR). These findings suggest that LOTCII EO can affect biological pathways associated with QS communication, biofilm formation, and virulence of E. coli and S. aureus at subinhibitory concentrations and could be a promising candidate as a natural antibacterial alternative to conventional antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Martínez
- Grupo de Investigación en Bioquímica y Microbiología (GIBIM), Escuela de Microbiología, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 680002, Colombia
| | - Elena E Stashenko
- Escuela de Química, Centro de Cromatografía y Espectrometría de Masas (CROM-MASS), Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 680002, Colombia
| | - Rodrigo Torres Sáez
- Grupo de Investigación en Bioquímica y Microbiología (GIBIM), Escuela de Microbiología, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 680002, Colombia
| | - German Zafra
- Grupo de Investigación en Bioquímica y Microbiología (GIBIM), Escuela de Microbiología, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 680002, Colombia
| | - Claudia Ortiz
- Grupo de Investigación en Bioquímica y Microbiología (GIBIM), Escuela de Microbiología, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 680002, Colombia
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Avila-Novoa MG, Solis-Velazquez OA, Guerrero-Medina PJ, González-Gómez JP, González-Torres B, Velázquez-Suárez NY, Martínez-Chávez L, Martínez-Gonzáles NE, De la Cruz-Color L, Ibarra-Velázquez LM, Cardona-López MA, Robles-García MÁ, Gutiérrez-Lomelí M. Genetic and compositional analysis of biofilm formed by Staphylococcus aureus isolated from food contact surfaces. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1001700. [PMID: 36532477 PMCID: PMC9755592 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1001700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Staphylococcus aureus is an important pathogen that can form biofilms on food contact surfaces (FCS) in the dairy industry, posing a serious food safety, and quality concern. Biofilm is a complex system, influenced by nutritional-related factors that regulate the synthesis of the components of the biofilm matrix. This study determines the prevalence of biofilm-associated genes and evaluates the development under different growth conditions and compositions of biofilms produced by S. aureus. METHODS Biofilms were developed in TSB, TSBG, TSBNaCl, and TSBGNaCl on stainless-steel (SS), with enumeration at 24 and 192 h visualized by epifluorescence and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The composition of biofilms was determined using enzymatic and chemical treatments and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION A total of 84 S. aureus (SA1-SA84) strains were collected from 293 dairy industry FCS (FCS-stainless steel [n = 183] and FCS-polypropylene [n = 110]) for this study. The isolates harbored the genes sigB (66%), sar (53%), agrD (52%), clfB/clfA (38%), fnbA/fnbB (20%), and bap (9.5%). 99. In particular, the biofilm formed by bap-positive S. aureus onto SS showed a high cell density in all culture media at 192 h in comparison with the biofilms formed at 24 h (p < 0.05). Epifluorescence microscopy and SEM revealed the metabolically active cells and the different stages of biofilm formation. CLSM analysis detected extracellular polymeric of S. aureus biofilms on SS, such as eDNA, proteins, and polysaccharides. Finally, the level of detachment on being treated with DNase I (44.7%) and NaIO 4(42.4%) was greater in the biofilms developed in TSB compared to culture medium supplemented with NaCl at 24 h; however, there was no significant difference when the culture medium was supplemented with glucose. In addition, after treatment with proteinase K, there was a lower level of biomass detachment (17.7%) of the biofilm developed in TSBNaCl (p < 0.05 at 24 h) compared to that in TSB, TSBG, and TSBGNaCl (33.6, 36.9, and 37.8%, respectively). These results represent a deep insight into the composition of S. aureus biofilms present in the dairy industry, which promotes the development of more efficient composition-specific disinfection strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Guadalupe Avila-Novoa
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Microbiana y Alimentaria, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ocotlán, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Oscar Alberto Solis-Velazquez
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Microbiana y Alimentaria, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ocotlán, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Pedro Javier Guerrero-Medina
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Microbiana y Alimentaria, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ocotlán, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Jean-Pierre González-Gómez
- Laboratorio Nacional para la Investigación en Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA), Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. (CIAD), Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Berenice González-Torres
- Laboratorio Nacional para la Investigación en Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA), Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. (CIAD), Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Noemí Yolanda Velázquez-Suárez
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Microbiana y Alimentaria, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ocotlán, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Liliana Martínez-Chávez
- Laboratorio de Microbiología e Inocuidad de Alimentos, Departamento de Farmacología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Nanci Edid Martínez-Gonzáles
- Laboratorio de Microbiología e Inocuidad de Alimentos, Departamento de Farmacología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Lucia De la Cruz-Color
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Microbiana y Alimentaria, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ocotlán, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Luz María Ibarra-Velázquez
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Microbiana y Alimentaria, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ocotlán, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Marco Antonio Cardona-López
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Microbiana y Alimentaria, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ocotlán, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Miguel Ángel Robles-García
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Microbiana y Alimentaria, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ocotlán, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Melesio Gutiérrez-Lomelí
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Microbiana y Alimentaria, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ocotlán, Jalisco, Mexico
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Pereira GDN, Rosa RDS, Dias AA, Gonçalves DJS, Seribelli AA, Pinheiro-Hubinger L, Eller LKW, de Carvalho TB, Pereira VC. Characterization of the virulence, agr typing and antimicrobial resistance profile of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from food handlers in Brazil. Braz J Infect Dis 2022; 26:102698. [PMID: 36037845 PMCID: PMC9483590 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2022.102698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Cheng Y, Zhang S, Zhang C, Mi X, Zhang W, Wang L, Liu W, Jiang Y. Escherichia coli O157:H7 is challenged by the presence of Pseudomonas, but successfully co-existed in dual-species microbial communities. Food Microbiol 2022; 106:104034. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2022.104034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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12
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Turner AB, Gerner E, Firdaus R, Echeverz M, Werthén M, Thomsen P, Almqvist S, Trobos M. Role of sodium salicylate in Staphylococcus aureus quorum sensing, virulence, biofilm formation and antimicrobial susceptibility. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:931839. [PMID: 35992652 PMCID: PMC9384861 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.931839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The widespread threat of antibiotic resistance requires new treatment options. Disrupting bacterial communication, quorum sensing (QS), has the potential to reduce pathogenesis by decreasing bacterial virulence. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of sodium salicylate (NaSa) on Staphylococcus aureus QS, virulence production and biofilm formation. In S. aureus ATCC 25923 (agr III), with or without serum, NaSa (10 mM) downregulated the agr QS system and decreased the secretion levels of alpha-hemolysin, staphopain A and delta-hemolysin. Inhibition of agr expression caused a downregulation of delta-hemolysin, decreasing biofilm dispersal and increasing biofilm formation on polystyrene and titanium under static conditions. In contrast, NaSa did not increase biofilm biomass under flow but caused one log10 reduction in biofilm viability on polystyrene pegs, resulting in biofilms being twice as susceptible to rifampicin. A concentration-dependent effect of NaSa was further observed, where high concentrations (10 mM) decreased agr expression, while low concentrations (≤0.1 mM) increased agr expression. In S. aureus 8325-4 (agr I), a high concentration of NaSa (10 mM) decreased hla expression, and a low concentration of NaSa (≤1 mM) increased rnaIII and hla expression. The activity of NaSa on biofilm formation was dependent on agr type and material surface. Eight clinical strains isolated from prosthetic joint infection (PJI) or wound infection belonging to each of the four agr types were evaluated. The four PJI S. aureus strains did not change their biofilm phenotype with NaSa on the clinically relevant titanium surface. Half of the wound strains (agr III and IV) did not change the biofilm phenotype in the 3D collagen wound model. In addition, compared to the control, ATCC 25923 biofilms formed with 10 mM NaSa in the collagen model were more susceptible to silver. It is concluded that NaSa can inhibit QS in S. aureus, decreasing the levels of toxin production with certain modulation of biofilm formation. The effect on biofilm formation was dependent on the strain and material surface. It is suggested that the observed NaSa inhibition of bacterial communication is a potential alternative or adjuvant to traditional antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Benedict Turner
- Department of Biomaterials, University of Gothenburg, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Center for Antibiotic Resistance Research (CARe), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Erik Gerner
- Department of Biomaterials, University of Gothenburg, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Center for Antibiotic Resistance Research (CARe), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Mölnlycke Health Care AB, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rininta Firdaus
- Department of Biomaterials, University of Gothenburg, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Center for Antibiotic Resistance Research (CARe), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maite Echeverz
- Microbial Pathogenesis Research Unit, Public University of Navarre, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maria Werthén
- Department of Biomaterials, University of Gothenburg, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Center for Antibiotic Resistance Research (CARe), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter Thomsen
- Department of Biomaterials, University of Gothenburg, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Margarita Trobos
- Department of Biomaterials, University of Gothenburg, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Center for Antibiotic Resistance Research (CARe), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Margarita Trobos,
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Silva V, Correia E, Pereira JE, González-Machado C, Capita R, Alonso-Calleja C, Igrejas G, Poeta P. Biofilm Formation of Staphylococcus aureus from Pets, Livestock, and Wild Animals: Relationship with Clonal Lineages and Antimicrobial Resistance. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11060772. [PMID: 35740178 PMCID: PMC9219840 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11060772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the biofilm formation ability of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from a wide range of animals and study the association between biofilm formation and antimicrobial resistance and genetic lineages. A total of 214 S. aureus strains isolated from pets, livestock, and wild animals were evaluated regarding their ability to form biofilms by the microtiter biofilm assay and their structure via confocal scanning laser microscopy. Statistical analysis was used to find an association between biofilm formation and antimicrobial resistance, multidrug resistance, sequence types (STs), spa and agr-types of the isolates. The antimicrobial susceptibility of 24 h-old biofilms was assessed against minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and 10× MIC of amikacin and tetracycline, and the biomass reduction was measured. The metabolic activity of biofilms after antimicrobial treatment was evaluated by the XTT assay. All isolates were had the ability to form biofilms. Yet, significant differences in biofilm biomass production were detected among animal species. Multidrug resistance had a positive association with biofilm formation as well as methicillin-resistance. Significant differences were also detected among the clonal lineages of the isolates. Both tetracycline and amikacin were able to significantly reduce the biofilm mass. However, none of the antimicrobials were able to eradicate the biofilm at the maximum concentration used. Our results provide important information on the biofilm-forming capacity of animal-adapted S. aureus isolates, which may have potential implications for the development of new biofilm-targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Silva
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Elisete Correia
- Center for Computational and Stochastic Mathematics (CEMAT), Department of Mathematics, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
| | - José Eduardo Pereira
- CECAV—Veterinary and Animal Research Centre, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Camino González-Machado
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Veterinary Faculty, University of León, E-24071 León, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (R.C.); (C.A.-C.)
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of León, E-24071 León, Spain
| | - Rosa Capita
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Veterinary Faculty, University of León, E-24071 León, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (R.C.); (C.A.-C.)
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of León, E-24071 León, Spain
| | - Carlos Alonso-Calleja
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Veterinary Faculty, University of León, E-24071 León, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (R.C.); (C.A.-C.)
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of León, E-24071 León, Spain
| | - Gilberto Igrejas
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Poeta
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- CECAV—Veterinary and Animal Research Centre, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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Fan Q, Zuo J, Wang H, Grenier D, Yi L, Wang Y. Contribution of quorum sensing to virulence and antibiotic resistance in zoonotic bacteria. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 59:107965. [PMID: 35487393 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.107965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Quorum sensing (QS), which is a key part of cell/cell communication, is widely distributed in microorganisms, especially in bacteria. Bacteria can produce and detect the presence of QS signal molecule, perceive the composition and density of microorganisms in their complex habitat, and then dynamically regulate their own gene expression to adapt to their environment. Among the many traits controlled by QS in pathogenic bacteria is the expression of virulence factors and antibiotic resistance. Many pathogenic bacteria rely on QS to govern the production of virulence factors and express drug-resistance, especially in zoonotic bacteria. The threat of antibiotic resistant zoonotic bacteria has called for alternative antimicrobial strategies that would mitigate the increase of classical resistance mechanism. Targeting QS has proven to be a promising alternative to conventional antibiotic for controlling infections. Here we review the QS systems in common zoonotic pathogenic bacteria and outline how QS may control the virulence and antibiotic resistance of zoonotic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingying Fan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathogen and Immunology of Animal of Luoyang, Luoyang, China
| | - Jing Zuo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathogen and Immunology of Animal of Luoyang, Luoyang, China
| | - Haikun Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathogen and Immunology of Animal of Luoyang, Luoyang, China
| | - Daniel Grenier
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale (GREB), Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Li Yi
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathogen and Immunology of Animal of Luoyang, Luoyang, China; College of Life Science, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, China.
| | - Yang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathogen and Immunology of Animal of Luoyang, Luoyang, China.
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Montagut EJ, Acosta G, Albericio F, Royo M, Godoy-Tena G, Lacoma A, Prat C, Salvador JP, Marco MP. Direct Quantitative Immunochemical Analysis of Autoinducer Peptide IV for Diagnosing and Stratifying Staphylococcus aureus Infections. ACS Infect Dis 2022; 8:645-656. [PMID: 35175740 PMCID: PMC8922274 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.1c00670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An immunochemical strategy to detect and quantify AIP-IV, the quorum sensing (QS) signaling molecule produced by Staphylococcus aureus agr type IV, is reported here for the first time. Theoretical calculations and molecular modeling studies have assisted on the design and synthesis of a suitable peptide hapten (AIPIVS), allowing to obtain high avidity and specific antibodies toward this peptide despite its low molecular weight. The ELISA developed achieves an IC50 value of 2.80 ± 0.17 and an LOD of 0.19 ± 0.06 nM in complex media such as 1/2 Tryptic Soy Broth. Recognition of other S. aureus AIPs (I-III) is negligible (cross-reactivity below 0.001%), regardless of the structural similarities. A pilot study with a set of clinical isolates from patients with airways infection or colonization demonstrates the potential of this ELISA to perform biomedical investigations related to the role of QS in pathogenesis and the association between dysfunctional agr or the agr type with unfavorable clinical outcomes. The AIP-IV levels could be quantified in the low nanomolar range in less than 1 h after inoculating agr IV-genotyped isolates in the culture broth, while those genotyped as I-III did not show any immunoreactivity after a 48 h growth, pointing to the possibility to use this technology for phenotyping S. aureus. The research strategy here reported can be extended to the rest of the AIP types of S. aureus, allowing the development of powerful multiplexed chips or point-of-care (PoC) diagnostic devices to unequivocally identify its presence and its agr type on samples from infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique-J. Montagut
- Nanobiotechnology for Diagnostics (Nb4D), Department of Surfactants and Nanobiotechnology, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC) of the Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), 08750 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid Spain
| | - Gerardo Acosta
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid Spain
- Multivalent Systems for Nanomedicine (MS4N), Department of Surfactants and Nanobiotechnology, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC) of the Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), 08750 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Albericio
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid Spain
- Multivalent Systems for Nanomedicine (MS4N), Department of Surfactants and Nanobiotechnology, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC) of the Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), 08750 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, 4000 Durban, South Africa
| | - Miriam Royo
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid Spain
- Multivalent Systems for Nanomedicine (MS4N), Department of Surfactants and Nanobiotechnology, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC) of the Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), 08750 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gerard Godoy-Tena
- Servei de Microbiologia, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut d’Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Alicia Lacoma
- Servei de Microbiologia, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut d’Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08916 Badalona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Prat
- Servei de Microbiologia, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut d’Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08916 Badalona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Juan-Pablo Salvador
- Nanobiotechnology for Diagnostics (Nb4D), Department of Surfactants and Nanobiotechnology, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC) of the Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), 08750 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid Spain
| | - María-Pilar Marco
- Nanobiotechnology for Diagnostics (Nb4D), Department of Surfactants and Nanobiotechnology, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC) of the Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), 08750 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid Spain
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In Vivo and In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles against Staphylococcus aureus Clinical Isolates. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15020194. [PMID: 35215306 PMCID: PMC8878289 DOI: 10.3390/ph15020194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus can cause a wide range of severe infections owing to its multiple virulence factors in addition to its resistance to multiple antimicrobials; therefore, novel antimicrobials are needed. Herein, we used Gardenia thailandica leaf extract (GTLE), for the first time for the biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The active constituents of GTLE were identified by HPLC, including chlorogenic acid (1441.03 μg/g) from phenolic acids, and quercetin-3-rutinoside (2477.37 μg/g) and apigenin-7-glucoside (605.60 μg/g) from flavonoids. In addition, the antioxidant activity of GTLE was evaluated. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), zeta potential, dynamic light scattering, and X-ray diffraction. The formed AgNPs had a spherical shape with a particle size range of 11.02–17.92 nm. The antimicrobial activity of AgNPs was investigated in vitro and in vivo against S. aureus clinical isolates. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of AgNPs ranged from 4 to 64 µg/mL. AgNPs significantly decreased the membrane integrity of 45.8% of the isolates and reduced the membrane potential by flow cytometry. AgNPs resulted in morphological changes observed by SEM. Furthermore, qRT-PCR was utilized to examine the effect of AgNPs on the gene expression of the efflux pump genes norA, norB, and norC. The in vivo examination was performed on wounds infected with S. aureus bacteria in rats. AgNPs resulted in epidermis regeneration and reduction in the infiltration of inflammatory cells. Thus, GTLE could be a vital source for the production of AgNPs, which exhibited promising in vivo and in vitro antibacterial activity against S. aureus bacteria.
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Mazloomirad F, Hasanzadeh S, Sharifi A, Nikbakht G, Roustaei N, Khoramrooz SS. Identification and detection of pathogenic bacteria from patients with hospital-acquired pneumonia in southwestern Iran; evaluation of biofilm production and molecular typing of bacterial isolates. BMC Pulm Med 2021; 21:408. [PMID: 34886838 PMCID: PMC8662843 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-021-01773-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) is the second most common nosocomial infection in intensive care units (ICUs). The present study aims to determine the prevalence of pathogenic bacteria, their biofilm formation, and molecular typing from patients with HAP in southwestern Iran. Methods Fifty-eight patients with HAP participated in this cross-sectional study. Sputum and endotracheal aspirate were collected from each patient for isolation and detection of bacteria. Biofilm formation was evaluated using Congo red agar or Microtiter plate assay. The antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of the isolates were investigated. The multiplex polymerase chain reaction (M-PCR) technique was used to determine the Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec (SCCmec) types of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains. All S. aureus isolates were typed using the agr typing method. A repetitive element sequence-based PCR (rep-PCR) typing method was used for typing of Gram-negative bacteria. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 15 and the chi-square test. Results Bacteria were isolated in 52 (89.7%) of patients. Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) was the most prevalent organism (37%), followed by S. aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), and Escherichia coli (E. coli). Using the PCR method, 56 bacteria were detected. A. baumannii was the most prevalent (35.7%) organism. A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa were biofilm-producing. All Gram-negative isolates were colistin-sensitive, and most of the A. baumannii isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR). MRSA was identified in 12 (80%) S. aureus isolates, and 91.6% of MRSA were SCCmec type III. The agr type III was the most predominant. The rep-PCR analysis showed seven different patterns in 20 A. baumannii, six patterns in 13 P. aeruginosa, and four patterns in 6 E. coli. Conclusion A. baumannii was more prevalent than S. aureus in ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), while S. aureus is a major pathogen in non-ventilator hospital-acquired pneumonia (NV-HAP), possibly due to the tendency of the former to aquatic environments. Based on the rep-PCR typing method, it was concluded that bacteria were transmitted from patients or healthcare workers among different wards. Colistin can be used as a treatment in Gram-negative MDR isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Mazloomirad
- Student Research Committee, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Sajad Hasanzadeh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Asghar Sharifi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Gordafarin Nikbakht
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Narges Roustaei
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health and Nutrition Sciences, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Seyed Sajjad Khoramrooz
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran. .,Department of Microbiology, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran.
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