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Husen O, Aliyo A, Boru K, Gemechu T, Dedecha W, Ashenafi G. Trichomonas vaginalis and Associated Factors among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care at Bule Hora University Teaching Hospital, Oromia Region, Southern Ethiopia. J Parasitol Res 2023; 2023:4913058. [PMID: 38130894 PMCID: PMC10735719 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4913058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Trichomoniasis is caused by a flagellated protozoan parasite called Trichomonas vaginalis. It is one of the most common, curable nonsexually transmitted infections globally. In Ethiopia, complications associated with genital infection in pregnant women are a common problem. Despite the burden of the disease, epidemiological data related to this disease is currently rare in Africa, particularly in Ethiopia. Objective. This research is aimed at assessing the prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care at Bule Hora University Teaching Hospital. Methods. An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 196 pregnant women attending ANC at Bule Hora University Teaching Hospital. Structured questionnaires were used to collect sociodemographic and associated factor data. The consecutive sampling technique was used to include study participants. The two vaginal swabs were collected by brushing the vagina with a sterile cotton swab and tested by using direct wet mount and the Giemsa staining. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 26 for logistic regression analysis. A p value < 0.05 with 95% CI was used to declare it statistically significant. Result. An overall prevalence of T. vaginalis among pregnant women was 7.7% (95% with confidence interval (CI), 0.043-0.123). The highest prevalence was observed among the 35-39-year-old age group with 18.2% and among widowed women with 25%. This study revealed that the number of sexual partners (AOR: 3.215, 95% CI: 1.062-9.731) was a significant associated factor of T. vaginalis.Conclusion. The prevalence of T. vaginalis was considerably high among pregnant women in this study. This finding emphasizes the need for routine screening and treatment of pregnant women in the first antenatal care and enhances the need for regular health education for pregnant women at antenatal clinics to make them aware of their health, and avoidance of the risk of trichomoniasis is advised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliyad Husen
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Institute of Health, Bule Hora University, Bule Hora, Ethiopia
| | - Alqeer Aliyo
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Institute of Health, Bule Hora University, Bule Hora, Ethiopia
| | - Kalicha Boru
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Institute of Health, Bule Hora University, Bule Hora, Ethiopia
| | - Tibeso Gemechu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Institute of Health, Bule Hora University, Bule Hora, Ethiopia
| | - Wako Dedecha
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Institute of Health, Bule Hora University, Bule Hora, Ethiopia
| | - Girma Ashenafi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Institute of Health, Bule Hora University, Bule Hora, Ethiopia
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Bitty-Anderson AM, Gbeasor-Komlanvi FA, Bakoubayi AW, Tchankoni MK, Sadio AJ, Salou M, Dagnra CA, Ekouevi DK, Coffie PA. High burden of self-reported sexually transmitted infections among female sex workers in Togo in 2021. Front Public Health 2022; 10:915029. [PMID: 35991055 PMCID: PMC9381961 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.915029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI) remain a public health challenge, especially for Female Sex Workers (FSW) who are particularly vulnerable. In sub-Saharan Africa where the overlapping epidemics of STI and HIV are concentrated among key populations, epidemiological data are needed in order to better understand STI trends in this population. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of self-reported STI symptoms and their risk factors among FSW in Togo in 2021. Methods A cross-sectional study was completed in June and July 2021 among FSW in two cities of Togo: in Lomé (capital city, south of Togo) and in Kara (north of Togo). A snowball sampling method was used and after consent, a standardized questionnaire was administered by trained research staff to collect information on STI. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify factors associated with self-reported STI. Results A total of 447 FSW, 300 in Lomé and 147 in Kara participated in this study. Median age was 30 [IQR: 24–38] and STI symptoms in the previous 12 months were reported by 191 FSW [42.7%, 95% CI: (38.1–47.5)], among whom 116 (60.7%) sought medical care. The most common reported symptoms were abnormal vaginal discharge (n = 78; 67.2%) and vaginal itching (n = 68; 58.6%). Current STI symptoms (at the time of the survey) were reported by 88 FSW (19.7%). In multivariable logistic regression, self-reported STI symptoms in the previous 12 months was negatively associated with living in the Lomé and older age and positively associated with having more than 15 clients in the previous week and being victim of violence. Conclusions Findings from this study reveal that the self-reported STI burden is relatively high among FSW Togo. Additional strategies are needed at the structural, medical, political and social levels to curb this trend and effectively aim at the elimination of STI epidemics by the year 2030.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M. Bitty-Anderson
- African Research Center in Epidemiology and Public Health (CARESP), Lomé, Togo
- University of Bordeaux, National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM) UMR 1219, Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD) EMR 271, Bordeaux Population Health Centre, Bordeaux, France
- PAC-CI Research Center – ANRS Site Côte d'Ivoire, CHU de Treichville, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
- *Correspondence: Alexandra M. Bitty-Anderson
| | - Fifonsi A. Gbeasor-Komlanvi
- African Research Center in Epidemiology and Public Health (CARESP), Lomé, Togo
- Public Health Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | - Akila W. Bakoubayi
- African Research Center in Epidemiology and Public Health (CARESP), Lomé, Togo
- Public Health Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | - Martin K. Tchankoni
- African Research Center in Epidemiology and Public Health (CARESP), Lomé, Togo
| | - Arnold J. Sadio
- African Research Center in Epidemiology and Public Health (CARESP), Lomé, Togo
- Public Health Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | - Mounerou Salou
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Fundamental Sciences Department, University of Lomé, Lomé, Togo
- National HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis and Sexually Transmitted Infections Program (PNLS/HV/IST), Lomé, Togo
- Laboratory Services, University Hospital Campus (CHU Campus), Lomé, Togo
| | - Claver A. Dagnra
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Fundamental Sciences Department, University of Lomé, Lomé, Togo
- National HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis and Sexually Transmitted Infections Program (PNLS/HV/IST), Lomé, Togo
| | - Didier K. Ekouevi
- African Research Center in Epidemiology and Public Health (CARESP), Lomé, Togo
- University of Bordeaux, National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM) UMR 1219, Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD) EMR 271, Bordeaux Population Health Centre, Bordeaux, France
- Public Health Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | - Patrick A. Coffie
- PAC-CI Research Center – ANRS Site Côte d'Ivoire, CHU de Treichville, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
- Medical Sciences Research and Formation Unit, Dermatology and Infectiology Department, University Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
- University Hospital of Treichville, Infectious and Tropical Diseases Service, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
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