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Ravindra A, Naguthevar S, Kumar D, Rajagopal R, Khera PS, Tak V, Ramankutty NT, Meena DS, Midha N, Bohra GK, Garg MK. Mycotic aneurysms: uncommon pathogens and treatment conundrums. Access Microbiol 2024; 6:000777.v5. [PMID: 39165253 PMCID: PMC11334579 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000777.v5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Mycotic aneurysms, characterized by vessel wall dilation resulting from infections including bacteria, fungi, and viruses, are a rare but severe consequence of systemic infections. The term 'mycotic' was coined by William Osler to describe the first instance of a fungal-induced infected aneurysm. These aneurysms, accounting for 0.6% of aneurysms in Western countries, carry a higher risk of rupture compared to uninfected aneurysms. While the femoral artery, aorta, and intracranial arteries are commonly affected, pathogens causing mycotic aneurysms vary across regions. Diagnostic challenges arise from nonspecific symptoms such as fever, and discomfort. To prevent the substantial morbidity and mortality associated with mycotic aneurysms, timely identification and treatment are paramount. We present a case series highlighting mycotic aneurysms caused by some rare pathogens - Salmonella Paratyphi A, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Methods. This case series involves three patients diagnosed with mycotic aneurysms due to unusual pathogens. We describe each patient's clinical presentation, medical history, physical examination findings, laboratory results, imaging studies, and the diagnostic process leading to the identification of the causative pathogens. Results. The first patient is a 70-year-old gentleman who presented with a ruptured infra-renal abdominal aortic pseudoaneurysm caused by Salmonella Paratyphi A. The second patient is a 66-year-old gentleman with a Streptococcus pneumoniae-associated descending thoracic aortic pseudoaneurysm. The third patient is a 70-year-old gentleman with a ruptured descending thoracic aortic aneurysm with an occult aorto-oesophageal fistula due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. The description highlights unique clinical features, laboratory findings, imaging results, and the management approaches undertaken in each patient. Conclusion. Mycotic aneurysms, pose diagnostic challenges due to their nonspecific symptoms. Early identification and intervention are essential to mitigate the severe complications associated with these aneurysms. The presented cases underscore the need for a comprehensive approach to diagnosis and management, ensuring optimal outcomes for patients affected by mycotic aneurysms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshatha Ravindra
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Santhanam Naguthevar
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Rengarajan Rajagopal
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Pushpinder Singh Khera
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Vibhor Tak
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Neetha Thayil Ramankutty
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Durga Shankar Meena
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Naresh Midha
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Gopal Krishana Bohra
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Mahendra Kumar Garg
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
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Decker-Farrell AR, Sastra SA, Harimoto T, Hasselluhn MC, Palermo CF, Ballister ER, Badgley MA, Danino T, Olive KP. "Tumor-selective treatment of metastatic pancreatic cancer with an engineered, probiotic living drug". BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.02.592216. [PMID: 38746175 PMCID: PMC11092568 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.02.592216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) poses significant challenges for effective treatment, with systemic chemotherapy often proving inadequate due to poor drug delivery and the tumor's immunosuppressive microenvironment. Engineered bacteria present a novel approach to target PDAC, leveraging their ability to colonize tumors and deliver therapeutic payloads. Here, we engineered probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) to produce the pore-forming Theta toxin (Nis-Theta) and evaluated its efficacy in a preclinical model of PDAC. Probiotic administration resulted in selective colonization of tumor tissue, leading to improved overall survival compared to standard chemotherapy. Moreover, this strain exhibited cytotoxic effects on both primary and distant tumor lesions while sparing normal tissues. Importantly, treatment also modulated the tumor microenvironment by increasing anti-tumor immune cell populations and reducing immunosuppressive markers. These findings demonstrate the potential of engineered probiotic bacteria as a safe and effective therapeutic approach for PDAC, offering promise for improved patient outcomes.
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Rosso F, Rebellón-Sánchez DE, Llanos-Torres J, Hurtado-Bermudez LJ, Ayerbe L, Suárez JH, Orozco-Echeverri N, Rojas-Perdomo CC, Zapata-Vasquez IL, Patiño-Niño J, Parra-Lara LG. Clinical and microbiological characterization of Salmonella spp. isolates from patients treated in a university hospital in South America between 2012-2021: a cohort study. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:625. [PMID: 37749501 PMCID: PMC10519077 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08589-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salmonellosis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality and one of the most frequent etiologies of diarrhea in the world. Mortality due to Salmonellosis in Latin America still poorly understood, and there is a lack of studies that evaluate resistance and clinical manifestations. The aims of this study were to characterize patients infected with Salmonella spp. seen in a university hospital in Colombia between 2012 and 2021, to evaluate trends in antibiotic resistance and to determine the proportion of overall mortality and related factors. METHODS Retrospective observational study. All patients with microbiological diagnosis of Salmonella spp. were included. The sociodemographic, clinical and microbiological characteristics were described, and the proportion of antibiotic resistant isolates per year was estimated. The prevalence of mortality according to age groups was calculated. Log binomial regression models were used to establish factors associated with mortality. RESULTS Five hundred twenty-two patients were analyzed. Salmonellosis accounted for 0.01% of all medical consultations. The median age was 16 years old. The most common clinical presentation was gastroenteric syndrome (77.1%) and symptoms included diarrhea (79.1%), fever (66.7%), abdominal pain (39.6%) and vomiting (35.2%). Of the Salmonella spp. isolates, 78.2% were not classified, 19.1% corresponded to non-typhoidal Salmonella and 2.7% to Salmonella typhi. Mortality occurs in 4.02% of the patients and was higher in patients with hematologic malignancy (11.6%). When analyzing by age group, the proportion of deaths was 2.8% in patients aged 15 years or younger, while in those older than 15 years it was 5.4%. Factors associated to mortality where bacteremia (aPR = 3.41 CI95%: 1.08-10.76) and to require treatment in the ICU (aPR = 8.13 CI95%: 1.82-37.76). In the last 10 years there has been a steady increase in resistance rates to ciprofloxacin, ampicillin, ampicillin/sulbactam and ceftriaxone, reaching rates above 60% in recent years. CONCLUSIONS Despite improved availability of antibiotics for the treatment of salmonellosis in the past decades, mortality due to salmonellosis continues occurring in children and adults, mainly in patients with hematological malignancies and bacteremia. Antibiotic resistance rates have increased significantly over the last 10 years. Public health strategies for the control of this disease should be strengthened, especially in vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Rosso
- Fundación Valle del Lili, Centro de Investigaciones Clínicas (CIC), Carrera 98 #18-49, 760031, Cali, Colombia.
- Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Carrera 98 #18-49, 760031, Cali, Colombia.
- Universidad Icesi, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Calle 18 No. 122-135, Cali, 760031, Colombia.
| | - David E Rebellón-Sánchez
- Fundación Valle del Lili, Centro de Investigaciones Clínicas (CIC), Carrera 98 #18-49, 760031, Cali, Colombia.
- Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Carrera 98 #18-49, 760031, Cali, Colombia.
| | - Julio Llanos-Torres
- Fundación Valle del Lili, Centro de Investigaciones Clínicas (CIC), Carrera 98 #18-49, 760031, Cali, Colombia
- Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Carrera 98 #18-49, 760031, Cali, Colombia
| | - Leidy Johanna Hurtado-Bermudez
- Fundación Valle del Lili, Centro de Investigaciones Clínicas (CIC), Carrera 98 #18-49, 760031, Cali, Colombia
- Universidad Icesi, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Calle 18 No. 122-135, Cali, 760031, Colombia
| | - Laura Ayerbe
- Universidad Icesi, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Calle 18 No. 122-135, Cali, 760031, Colombia
| | - John Harold Suárez
- Universidad Icesi, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Calle 18 No. 122-135, Cali, 760031, Colombia
| | - Nicolás Orozco-Echeverri
- Universidad Icesi, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Calle 18 No. 122-135, Cali, 760031, Colombia
| | | | - Isabel Lucia Zapata-Vasquez
- Fundación Valle del Lili, Centro de Investigaciones Clínicas (CIC), Carrera 98 #18-49, 760031, Cali, Colombia
| | - Jaime Patiño-Niño
- Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali, Departamento de Pediatría, Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Carrera 98 #18-49, 760031, Cali, Colombia
| | - Luis Gabriel Parra-Lara
- Fundación Valle del Lili, Centro de Investigaciones Clínicas (CIC), Carrera 98 #18-49, 760031, Cali, Colombia
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Smith C, Smith E, Chiu C, Hinton J, Perez Sepulveda B, Gordon M, Choy RK, Hill PW, Meiring JE, Darton TC, Carey ME, Cooke G, Gibani MM. The Challenge Non-Typhoidal Salmonella (CHANTS) Consortium: Development of a non-typhoidal Salmonella controlled human infection model: Report from a consultation group workshop, 05 July 2022, London, UK. Wellcome Open Res 2023; 8:111. [PMID: 37808389 PMCID: PMC10558987 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.19012.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella disease (iNTS) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality globally, particularly as a cause of bloodstream infection in children and immunocompromised adults in sub-Saharan Africa. Vaccines to prevent non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) would represent a valuable public health tool in this setting to avert cases and prevent expansion of antimicrobial resistance. Several NTS and combination typhoidal-NTS vaccine candidates are in early-stage development, although the pathway to licensure is unclear due to challenges in conducting large phase III field trials. Controlled human infection models (CHIM) present an opportunity to accelerate vaccine development for a range of enteric pathogens. Several recent typhoidal Salmonella CHIMs have been conducted safely and have played pivotal roles in progressing vaccine candidates to pre-qualification and licensure. The Challenge Non-Typhoidal Salmonella (CHANTS) consortium has been formed with funding from the Wellcome Trust, to deliver the first NTS CHIM, which can act as a platform for future vaccine evaluation. This paper reports the conclusions of a consultation group workshop convened with key stakeholders. The aims of this meeting were to: (1) define the rationale for an NTS CHIM (2) map the NTS vaccine pipeline (3) refine study design and (4) establish potential future use cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Smith
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Emma Smith
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Christopher Chiu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Jay Hinton
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK
| | - Blanca Perez Sepulveda
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK
| | - Melita Gordon
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
| | | | - Peter W.S. Hill
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - James E. Meiring
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Thomas C. Darton
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Megan E. Carey
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Graham Cooke
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Malick M. Gibani
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - CHANTS Consortium
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
- PATH, Seattle, Washington, 98121, USA
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Smith C, Smith E, Chiu C, Hinton J, Perez Sepulveda B, Gordon M, Choy RK, Hill PW, Meiring JE, Darton TC, Carey ME, Cooke G, Gibani MM. The Challenge Non-Typhoidal Salmonella (CHANTS) Consortium: Development of a non-typhoidal Salmonella controlled human infection model: Report from a consultation group workshop, 05 July 2022, London, UK. Wellcome Open Res 2023; 8:111. [PMID: 37808389 PMCID: PMC10558987 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.19012.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella disease (iNTS) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality globally, particularly as a cause of bloodstream infection in children and immunocompromised adults in sub-Saharan Africa. Vaccines to prevent non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) would represent a valuable public health tool in this setting to avert cases and prevent expansion of antimicrobial resistance. Several NTS and combination typhoidal-NTS vaccine candidates are in early-stage development, although the pathway to licensure is unclear due to challenges in conducting large phase III field trials. Controlled human infection models (CHIM) present an opportunity to accelerate vaccine development for a range of enteric pathogens. Several recent typhoidal Salmonella CHIMs have been conducted safely and have played pivotal roles in progressing vaccine candidates to pre-qualification and licensure. The Challenge Non-Typhoidal Salmonella (CHANTS) consortium has been formed with funding from the Wellcome Trust, to deliver the first NTS CHIM, which can act as a platform for future vaccine evaluation. This paper reports the conclusions of a consultation group workshop convened with key stakeholders. The aims of this meeting were to: (1) define the rationale for an NTS CHIM (2) map the NTS vaccine pipeline (3) refine study design and (4) establish potential future use cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Smith
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Emma Smith
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Christopher Chiu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Jay Hinton
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK
| | - Blanca Perez Sepulveda
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK
| | - Melita Gordon
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
| | | | - Peter W.S. Hill
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - James E. Meiring
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Thomas C. Darton
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Megan E. Carey
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Graham Cooke
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Malick M. Gibani
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - CHANTS Consortium
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
- PATH, Seattle, Washington, 98121, USA
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Wiradiputra MRD, Khuntayaporn P, Thirapanmethee K, Chomnawang MT. Toxin-Antitoxin Systems: A Key Role on Persister Formation in Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:5813-5829. [PMID: 36213766 PMCID: PMC9541301 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s378157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The toxin and antitoxin modules in bacteria consist of a toxin molecule that has activity to inhibit various cellular processes and its cognate antitoxin that neutralizes the toxin. This system is considered taking part in the formation of persister cells, which are a subpopulation of recalcitrant cells able to survive antimicrobial treatment without any resistance mechanisms. Importantly, persisters have been associated with long-term infections and treatment failures in healthcare settings. It is a public health concern since persisters can be involved in the evolution and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance amidst the aggravating spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria and insufficient novel antimicrobial therapy to tackle this issue. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is one of the most prevalent Salmonella serotypes in the world and is a leading cause of food-borne salmonellosis. S. Typhimurium has been known to cause persistent infection and a wealth of investigations on Salmonella persisters indicates that toxin and antitoxin modules play a role in mediating the phenotypic switch of persisters, rendering its survival ability in the presence of antimicrobial agents. In this review, we discuss findings regarding mechanisms that underly persistence in S. Typhimurium, especially the involvement of toxin and antitoxin modules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Made Rai Dwitya Wiradiputra
- Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Group (AmRIG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand,Biopharmaceutical Sciences Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Piyatip Khuntayaporn
- Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Group (AmRIG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Krit Thirapanmethee
- Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Group (AmRIG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Mullika Traidej Chomnawang
- Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Group (AmRIG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand,Correspondence: Mullika Traidej Chomnawang, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand, Tel +66 2 644 8692, Email
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Park S, Jung B, Kim E, Yoon H, Hahn TW. Evaluation of Salmonella Typhimurium Lacking fruR, ssrAB, or hfq as a Prophylactic Vaccine against Salmonella Lethal Infection. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10091413. [PMID: 36146494 PMCID: PMC9506222 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10091413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) is one of the primary causes of foodborne gastroenteritis; occasionally, it causes invasive infection in humans. Because of its broad host range, covering diverse livestock species, foods of animal origin pose a critical threat of NTS contamination. However, there is currently no licensed vaccine against NTS infection. FruR, also known as Cra (catabolite repressor/activator), was initially identified as the transcriptional repressor of the fructose (fru) operon, and then found to activate or repress the transcription of many different genes associated with carbon and energy metabolism. In view of its role as a global regulator, we constructed a live attenuated vaccine candidate, ΔfruR, and evaluated its prophylactic effect against NTS infection in mice. A Salmonella Typhimurium mutant strain lacking fruR was defective in survival inside macrophages and exhibited attenuated virulence in infected mice. Immunization with the ΔfruR mutant stimulated the production of antibodies, including the IgG, IgM, and IgG subclasses, and afforded a protection of 100% to mice against the challenge of lethal infection with a virulent Salmonella strain. The prophylactic effect obtained after ΔfruR immunization was also validated by the absence of signs of hepatosplenomegaly, as these mice had comparable liver and spleen weights in comparison with healthy mice. These results suggest that the ΔfruR mutant strain can be further exploited as a promising vaccine candidate against Salmonella lethal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyeon Park
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Bogyo Jung
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Eunsuk Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Hyunjin Yoon
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
- Correspondence: (H.Y.); (T.-W.H.)
| | - Tae-Wook Hahn
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
- Correspondence: (H.Y.); (T.-W.H.)
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Sallami I, Turki Y, Werheni Ammeri R, Khelifi N, Hassen A. Effects of heavy metals on growth and biofilm-producing abilities of Salmonella enterica isolated from Tunisia. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:225. [DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-02836-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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