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Savino F, Sardo A, Gambarino S, Dini M, Clemente A, Pau A, Galliano I, Bergallo M. Leptin and Leptin Receptor Polymorphisms in Infants and Their Parents: Correlation with Preterm Birth. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:139. [PMID: 38275620 PMCID: PMC10815013 DOI: 10.3390/genes15010139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
It has been proven that single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in LEP and LEPR genes could predispose individuals to an increased risk of pregnancy adverse outcomes (PAOs) such as recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) and pre-eclampsia. Preterm birth (PTB) is the leading cause of infant mortality. We decided to investigate the correlation between PTB and LEP and LEPR SNPs. The study cohort included families who underwent spontaneous PTB and control samples of families who had at-term-born (≥37 weeks of gestational age) children. Swabs were performed by rubbing the sticky end for about 30 s on the gum and on the inside of the cheek, allowing us to collect the flaking cells of the oral mucosa. Genotyping of the three SNPs-LEPRA668G, LEPG2548A and A19G-was carried out via an ARMS-MAMA real-time PCR procedure, as previously described. Regarding LEPG2548A, we found that the most expressed genotype in infants both in the preterm and the at-term group was AG; however, we did not discover any statistically significant difference (p = 0.97). Considering LEPA19G, none among the infants and parents were found to carry the AA genotype. No statistically significant differences were found between children, mothers and fathers belonging to preterm and at-term groups. We did not find a statistically significant association in newborns and their mother, but our results show a statistical correlation with the LEPRA668G genotype GG of the father. This fact can contribute to defining genetic risk factors for PTB. Further studies are certainly needed to better clarify the role of genetics in influencing preterm delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Savino
- Early Infancy Special Care Unit, Regina Margherita Children Hospital, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (F.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Allegra Sardo
- Early Infancy Special Care Unit, Regina Margherita Children Hospital, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (F.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Stefano Gambarino
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, Immunopathology Laboratory, Medical School, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (S.G.); (M.D.); (A.C.); (A.P.); (I.G.)
| | - Maddalena Dini
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, Immunopathology Laboratory, Medical School, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (S.G.); (M.D.); (A.C.); (A.P.); (I.G.)
| | - Anna Clemente
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, Immunopathology Laboratory, Medical School, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (S.G.); (M.D.); (A.C.); (A.P.); (I.G.)
| | - Anna Pau
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, Immunopathology Laboratory, Medical School, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (S.G.); (M.D.); (A.C.); (A.P.); (I.G.)
| | - Ilaria Galliano
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, Immunopathology Laboratory, Medical School, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (S.G.); (M.D.); (A.C.); (A.P.); (I.G.)
| | - Massimiliano Bergallo
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, Immunopathology Laboratory, Medical School, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (S.G.); (M.D.); (A.C.); (A.P.); (I.G.)
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Zeng S, Wu Y, Zhou M, Bai H, Liu X, Fan P. Association between genetic polymorphisms of leptin receptor and preeclampsia in Chinese women. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2023; 36:2207708. [PMID: 37150847 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2023.2207708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Leptin signaling plays an important role in regulating metabolism and reproduction. In the present study, we investigated the relationship between polymorphisms of leptin receptor (LEPR) gene A223G and A668G and preeclampsia (PE) and evaluated influences of genotypes on clinical, metabolic, and oxidative stress indices in Chinese women. METHODS This is a case-control study including 322 patients with PE and 1295 healthy pregnant women. The two polymorphisms were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragments length polymorphism method. Clinical and biochemical parameters were analyzed. RESULTS The frequencies of the AA + AG genotypes (28.6% vs. 36.1%) and A allele (14.9% vs. 19.8%) of LEPR A223G polymorphism, and those of the AA + AG genotypes (17.7% vs. 24.6%) and A allele (9.0% vs. 12.9%) of LEPR A668G polymorphism were significantly lower in the PE group than those in the control group. The 223A and 668A alleles were protective factors against PE in the regression model, which included age and delivery body mass index as covariates (OR = 0.684, 95% CI: 0.506-0.926, p = .014; OR = 0.650, 95% CI: 0.456-0.927, p = .017, respectively). When the 668GG/223GG combined genotype served as the reference category, the 668A/223A combined allele had further enhanced the protective effect on PE (OR = 0.558, 95% CI: 0.374-0.833, p = .004). Patients possessing the LEPR 223A allele had higher total antioxidant capacity and lower oxidative stress index (p < .05), while those with the LEPR 668A allele had higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (p = .045) compared with those carrying the corresponding GG genotype. CONCLUSIONS The 223A and 668A alleles of LEPR polymorphisms are genetic protective factors for PE in Chinese women. The two alleles may exert a beneficial effect on oxidative stress and lipid metabolism in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zeng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yujie Wu
- Laboratory of Genetic Disease and Perinatal Medicine, Laboratory of the Key Perinatal Disease, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Disease of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mi Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huai Bai
- Laboratory of Genetic Disease and Perinatal Medicine, Laboratory of the Key Perinatal Disease, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Disease of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinghui Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Fan
- Laboratory of Genetic Disease and Perinatal Medicine, Laboratory of the Key Perinatal Disease, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Disease of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Zeng S, Liu Y, Fan P, Yang L, Liu X. Role of leptin in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia. Placenta 2023; 142:128-134. [PMID: 37713744 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2023.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a severe pregnancy complication. The exact pathogenesis of PE remains unclear, but it is related to immune, inflammatory, circulatory, and oxidative stress factors. Leptin is a protein involved in these processes and is essential for maintaining a normal pregnancy and healthy fetal growth. Abnormal increases in leptin levels have been observed in the peripheral blood and placenta of patients with PE. Disturbances in leptin can affect the proliferation and hypertrophy of vascular smooth muscle cells, which are important for placentation. Leptin also regulates arterial tension and trophoblast function in pregnant women. In addition, consistently high levels of leptin are linked to hyperactive inflammation and oxidative stress reactions in both patients with PE and animal models. This review focuses on the role of leptin in the pathophysiology of PE and elucidates its potential mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zeng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Laboratory of Genetic Disease and Perinatal Medicine, Laboratory of the Key Perinatal Disease and Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Disease of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yijun Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Laboratory of Genetic Disease and Perinatal Medicine, Laboratory of the Key Perinatal Disease and Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Disease of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ping Fan
- Laboratory of Genetic Disease and Perinatal Medicine, Laboratory of the Key Perinatal Disease and Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Disease of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Luming Yang
- Chongqing University Medical School, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinghui Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Laboratory of Genetic Disease and Perinatal Medicine, Laboratory of the Key Perinatal Disease and Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Disease of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Khaki-Khatibi F, Shademan B, Gholikhani-Darbroud R, Nourazarian A, Radagdam S, Porzour M. Gene polymorphism of leptin and risk for heart disease, obesity, and high BMI: a systematic review and pooled analysis in adult obese subjects. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2022; 44:11-20. [PMID: 36103664 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2022-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Leptin polymorphism (LEP) has been associated with coronary heart disease (CAD), obesity, and high body mass index (BMI). However, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to discover the association because previous studies reached different conclusions.
Methods
Review Manager, version 5.3.5, and Stata, version 15.0, were used for statistical analysis. We calculated the effect size of the studies using the OR with the corresponding 95% CI, and two-sided (bilateral) p-values of 0.05 were considered significant. To determine heterogeneity among the selected studies, the Q test and I2 statistics were used. Meta-regression was used to examine the disease (heart disease, obesity, and high BMI) and heterogeneity between these subgroups.
Results
Eleven studies with 18,984 subjects were included in this study. The G-2548A (rs12112075), rs7799039, and A19G (rs2167270) polymorphisms of the leptin gene (but not the Lys656Asn (rs1805094) polymorphism) are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Our pooled analysis revealed an association between the G-2548A (rs12112075) polymorphism and heart disease, high BMI, and obesity. This indicates that individuals carrying the AA allele are at an increased risk for heart disease, high BMI, and obesity. People with heart failure and coronary artery disease did not have the rs7799039 polymorphism or its alleles linked to them.
Conclusions
Combined analysis of data from current and published research suggests that the leptin gene polymorphisms G-2548A (rs12112075), rs7799039, and A19G (rs2167270) (but not the Lys656Asn (rs1805094) polymorphism) are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Further research is needed to understand this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Khaki-Khatibi
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behrouz Shademan
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, EGE University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Reza Gholikhani-Darbroud
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Alireza Nourazarian
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Khoy University of Medical Sciences, Khoy, Iran
| | - Saeed Radagdam
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maghsoud Porzour
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Ahar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahar, Iran
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Adam I, Rayis DA, ALhabardi NA, Ahmed ABA, Sharif ME, Elbashir MI. Association between breastfeeding and preeclampsia in parous women: a case -control study. Int Breastfeed J 2021; 16:48. [PMID: 34187508 PMCID: PMC8243720 DOI: 10.1186/s13006-021-00391-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Preeclampsia is a global health problem and it is the main cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Breastfeeding has been reported to be associated with lower postpartum blood pressure in women with gestational hypertension. However, there is no published data on the role that breastfeeding might play in preventing preeclampsia. The aim of the current study was to investigate if breastfeeding was associated with preeclampsia in parous women. Method A case-control study was conducted in Saad Abualila Maternity Hospital in Khartoum, Sudan, from May to December 2019. The cases (n = 116) were parous women with preeclampsia. Two consecutive healthy pregnant women served as controls for each case (n = 232). The sociodemographic, medical, and obstetric histories were gathered using a questionnaire. Breastfeeding practices and duration were assessed. Results A total of 98 (84.5%) women with preeclampsia and 216 (93.1%) women in the control group had breastfed their previous children. The unadjusted odds ratio (OR) of preeclampsia (no breastfeeding vs breastfeeding) was 3.55, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.64,7.70 and p value = 0.001 based on these numbers. After adjusting for age, parity, education level, occupation, history of preeclampsia, history of miscarriage, body mass index groups the adjusted OR was 3.19, 95% CI 1.49, 6.82 (p value = 0.006). Conclusion Breastfeeding might reduce the risk for preeclampsia. Further larger studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishag Adam
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Unaizah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Duria A Rayis
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, P.O Box 102, Khartoum, Sudan.
| | - Nadiah A ALhabardi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Unaizah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdel B A Ahmed
- College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal E Sharif
- College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mustafa I Elbashir
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, P.O Box 102, Khartoum, Sudan
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