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Abad Baucells C, Schönauer R, Halbritter J. The genetics of cystinuria - an update and critical reevaluation. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2024; 33:231-237. [PMID: 38240263 DOI: 10.1097/mnh.0000000000000949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We aimed to critically evaluate how the establishment of genotype-based treatment for cystinuria has been hampered due to the large number of variants of unknown significance (VUS) within the disease causing genes as well as challenges in accessing a large enough sample size for systematic analysis of endpoint parameters that truly reflect disease severity. This review further discusses how to overcome these hurdles with the establishment of a cystinuria-specific refinement of the current American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG)-criteria of variant interpretation. RECENT FINDINGS Novel tools such as AlphaMissense combined with the establishment of a refined ACMG criterion will play a significant role in classifying VUS within the responsible disease genes SLC3A1 (rBAT) and SLC7A9 (BAT1). This will also be essential in elucidating the role of promising candidate genes, such as SLC7A13 (AGT1), which have been derived from murine model systems and still need further research to determine if they are involved in human cystinuria. SUMMARY Cystinuria was one of the first disorders to receive a gene-based classification, nonetheless, the clinically actionable implications of genetic diagnostics is still minor. This is due to poorly characterized genotype-phenotype correlations which results in a lack of individualized (genotype-) based management and metaphylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clàudia Abad Baucells
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Liu D, Zhao Y, Xue X, Hou X, Xu H, Zhao X, Tian Y, Tang W, Guo J, Xu C. Novel compound heterozygous pathogenic variants in the SLC3A1 gene in a Chinese family with cystinuria. BMC Med Genomics 2023; 16:333. [PMID: 38114997 PMCID: PMC10731833 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-023-01767-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystinuria is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by a cystine transport deficiency in the renal tubules due to mutations in two genes: SLC3A1 and SLC7A9. Cystinuria can be classified into three forms based on the genotype: type A, due to mutations in the SLC3A1 gene; type B, due to mutations in the SLC7A9 gene; and type AB, due to mutations in both genes. METHODS We report a 12-year-old boy from central China with cystine stones. He was from a non-consanguineous family that had no known history of genetic disease. A physical examination showed normal development and neurological behaviors. Whole-exome and Sanger sequencing were used to identify and verify the suspected pathogenic variants. RESULTS The compound heterozygous variants c.898_905del (p.Arg301AlafsTer6) is located in exon5 and c.1898_1899insAT (p.Asp634LeufsTer46) is located in exon10 of SLC3A1 (NM_000341.4) were deemed responsible for type A cystinuria family. The variant c.898_905del was reported in a Japanese patient in 2000, and the variant c.1898_1899insAT is novel. CONCLUSION A novel pathogenic heterozygous variant pair of the SLC3A1 gene was identified in a Chinese boy with type A cystinuria, enriching the mutational spectrum of the SLC3A1 gene. We attempted to find a pattern for the association between the genotype of SLC3A1 variants and the manifestations of cystinuria in patients with different onset ages. Our findings have important implications for genetic counseling and the early clinical diagnosis of cystinuria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danhua Liu
- The Research and Application Center of Precision Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Yongli Zhao
- Department of Urology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, NO. 2 Jingba Road, Zhengzhou, 450014, China
| | - Xia Xue
- Henan Key Laboratory of Helicobacter Pylori & Microbiota and Gastrointestinal Cancer, Marshall Medical Research Center, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Xinyue Hou
- Precision Medicine Center, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Hongen Xu
- Precision Medicine Center, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Xinghua Zhao
- Department of Urology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, NO. 2 Jingba Road, Zhengzhou, 450014, China
| | - Yongan Tian
- Precision Medicine Center, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Wenxue Tang
- The Research and Application Center of Precision Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
- Precision Medicine Center, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
- Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, BGI College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Jiancheng Guo
- The Research and Application Center of Precision Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
- Precision Medicine Center, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
- Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, BGI College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Changbao Xu
- Department of Urology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, NO. 2 Jingba Road, Zhengzhou, 450014, China.
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Mayayo-Vallverdú C, Prat E, Vecino-Pérez M, González L, Gràcia-Garcia S, San Miguel L, Lopera N, Arias A, Artuch R, López de Heredia M, Torrecilla C, Rousaud-Barón F, Angerri O, Errasti-Murugarren E, Nunes V. Exploring the Contribution of the Transporter AGT1/rBAT in Cystinuria Progression: Insights from Mouse Models and a Retrospective Cohort Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17140. [PMID: 38138969 PMCID: PMC10743100 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
More than 20 years have passed since the identification of SLC3A1 and SLC7A9 as causative genes for cystinuria. However, cystinuria patients exhibit significant variability in the age of lithiasis onset, recurrence, and response to treatment, suggesting the presence of modulatory factors influencing cystinuria severity. In 2016, a second renal cystine transporter, AGT1, encoded by the SLC7A13 gene, was discovered. Although it was discarded as a causative gene for cystinuria, its possible effect as a modulatory gene remains unexplored. Thus, we analyzed its function in mouse models of cystinuria, screened the SLC7A13 gene in 34 patients with different lithiasic phenotypes, and functionally characterized the identified variants. Mice results showed that AGT1/rBAT may have a protective role against cystine lithiasis. In addition, among the four missense variants detected in patients, two exhibited a 25% impairment in AGT1/rBAT transport. However, no correlation between SLC7A13 genotypes and lithiasis phenotypes was observed in patients, probably because these variants were found in heterozygous states. In conclusion, our results, consistent with a previous study, suggest that AGT1/rBAT does not have a relevant effect on cystinuria patients, although an impact in patients carrying homozygous pathogenic variants cannot be discarded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Mayayo-Vallverdú
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Gene, Disease and Therapy Program, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), 08908 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; (C.M.-V.); (E.P.); (M.V.-P.); (L.G.); (M.L.d.H.)
- Genetics Section, Physiological Sciences Department, Health Sciences and Medicine Faculty, University of Barcelona, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Esther Prat
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Gene, Disease and Therapy Program, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), 08908 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; (C.M.-V.); (E.P.); (M.V.-P.); (L.G.); (M.L.d.H.)
- Genetics Section, Physiological Sciences Department, Health Sciences and Medicine Faculty, University of Barcelona, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Marta Vecino-Pérez
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Gene, Disease and Therapy Program, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), 08908 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; (C.M.-V.); (E.P.); (M.V.-P.); (L.G.); (M.L.d.H.)
| | - Laura González
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Gene, Disease and Therapy Program, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), 08908 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; (C.M.-V.); (E.P.); (M.V.-P.); (L.G.); (M.L.d.H.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain (R.A.)
| | - Silvia Gràcia-Garcia
- Urinary Lithiasis Laboratory, Fundació Puigvert, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (S.G.-G.); (N.L.)
| | - Luz San Miguel
- Urology Service, Fundació Puigvert, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (L.S.M.); (F.R.-B.); (O.A.)
| | - Noelia Lopera
- Urinary Lithiasis Laboratory, Fundació Puigvert, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (S.G.-G.); (N.L.)
| | - Angela Arias
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain (R.A.)
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Rafael Artuch
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain (R.A.)
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Miguel López de Heredia
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Gene, Disease and Therapy Program, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), 08908 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; (C.M.-V.); (E.P.); (M.V.-P.); (L.G.); (M.L.d.H.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain (R.A.)
| | - Carlos Torrecilla
- Urology Service, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, 08908 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain;
| | - Ferran Rousaud-Barón
- Urology Service, Fundació Puigvert, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (L.S.M.); (F.R.-B.); (O.A.)
| | - Oriol Angerri
- Urology Service, Fundació Puigvert, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (L.S.M.); (F.R.-B.); (O.A.)
| | - Ekaitz Errasti-Murugarren
- Genetics Section, Physiological Sciences Department, Health Sciences and Medicine Faculty, University of Barcelona, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain (R.A.)
| | - Virginia Nunes
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Gene, Disease and Therapy Program, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), 08908 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; (C.M.-V.); (E.P.); (M.V.-P.); (L.G.); (M.L.d.H.)
- Genetics Section, Physiological Sciences Department, Health Sciences and Medicine Faculty, University of Barcelona, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
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Wang Y, Ding Y, Tan Y, Fu L, Qing W. Preparation of transition metal ions (Fe2+, Co2+ and Ni2+) doped carbon nanoparticles from biowaste for cystine and Cr(VI) detection and fluorescence ink. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2022.110220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Mardi A, Heidary H, Mousavi SM, Khazaei G, Taghizadeh E. A Novel Variant in Iranian Patient with Cystinuria: A Case Report. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 50:1897-1901. [PMID: 34722386 PMCID: PMC8542809 DOI: 10.18502/ijph.v50i9.7063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cystinuria is an autosomal recessive disorder in which the renal reabsorption of cystine, arginine, lysine and ornithine are disturbed. The two genes, the pathogenic forms of which are responsible for the disorder, are SLC7A9 and SLC3A1. In this study, we describe a disease that has a new c.916A> T variant (p. K306 *) in exon 5 of the SLC3A1 gene. This variant results in the NMD phenomenon in which the protein product is not produced because of mRNA destruction. In 2020, blood sample of a 41-yr-old man from east Azerbaijan, Iran together with his parents were collected to be studied. PCR and direct sequencing were performed to detect the possible SLC3A1 variant. Whole-gene sequence analysis done by Mutation surveyor Software revealed a novel nonsense homozygous variant in exon 5 of the gene. Parental Sequence Analysis shows that they are heterozygous. According to ACMG guideline, this variant is considered as pathogen. Finding serious mutations can allow rapid screening for cystinuria by analyzing common mutations. It should also be considered as a pathogenic variant in patients' cystinuria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mardi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ali Asghar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Heidary
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ali Asghar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyyed Mohammad Mousavi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ali Asghar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghasem Khazaei
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Eskandar Taghizadeh
- Department of Medical Genetic, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Lu L, Liu Q, Zhi L, Che X, Xiao B, Cui M, Yu M, Yang B, Zhang J, Zhang B. Establishment of a Ciliogenesis-Associated Signaling Model for Polycystic Kidney Disease. Kidney Blood Press Res 2021; 46:693-701. [PMID: 34469896 DOI: 10.1159/000517408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) represents the most prevalent inherited progressive kidney disorder in humans. Due to complexity of the genetic network behind the disease, the molecular mechanisms of PKD are still poorly understood yet. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to develop a ciliogenesis-associated gene network for PKD patients and comprehensively understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the disease. METHOD The potential hub genes were selected based on the differential expression analysis from the GEO database. Meanwhile, the primary hub genes were further elucidated by both in vivo and in vitro experiments. RESULTS In this study, we established a comprehensive differentially expressed genes profile (including GNAS, PI4KB, UMOD, SLC7A13, and MIOX) for PKD patients compared with the control specimen. At the same time, enrichment analysis was utilized to demonstrate that the G-protein-related signaling and cilia assembling signaling pathways were closely associated with PKD development. The further investigations of the interaction between 2 genes (GNAS and PI4KB) with in vivo and in vitro analyses revealed that PI4KB functioned as a downstream factor for GNAS and spontaneously activated the phosphorylation of Akt into p-Akt for ciliogenesis in PKD formation. The PI4KB depletion mutant zebrafish model displayed a PKD phenotype as well as absence of primary cilia in the kidney. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our work discovered an innovative potential signaling pathway model for PKD formation, which provided a valuable insight for future study of the mechanism of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Lu
- Department of Nephrology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiuling Liu
- Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University & Key Laboratory of Zebrafish Model for Development and Disease of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Lei Zhi
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuchun Che
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Bo Xiao
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Mingxuan Cui
- School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Mingyu Yu
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Bing Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University & Key Laboratory of Zebrafish Model for Development and Disease of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Prot-Bertoye C, Daudon M, Tostivint I, Dousseaux MP, Defazio J, Traxer O, Knebelmann B, Courbebaisse M. [Cystinuria]. Nephrol Ther 2021; 17S:S100-S107. [PMID: 33910689 DOI: 10.1016/j.nephro.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Cystinuria is the most common monogenic nephrolithiasis disorder. Because of its poor solubility at a typical urine pH of less than 7, cystine excretion results in recurrent urinary cystine stone formation. A high prevalence of high blood pressure and of chronic kidney disease has been reported in these patients. Alkaline hyperdiuresis remains the cornerstone of the preventive medical treatment. To reach a urine pH between 7.5 and 8 and a urine specific gravity less than or equal to 1.005 should be the goal of medical treatment. D-penicillamine and tiopronin, two cysteine-binding thiol agents, should be considered as second line treatments with frequent adverse events that should be closely monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Prot-Bertoye
- Service de physiologie - explorations fonctionnelles rénales et métaboliques, hôpital européen Georges-Pompidou, 20, rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France.
| | - Michel Daudon
- Service de physiologie-explorations fonctionnelles, hôpital Tenon, 4, rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Tostivint
- Service de néphrologie, hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, 149, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Marie-Paule Dousseaux
- Service de néphrologie, hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, 149, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Defazio
- Association pour l'information et la recherche sur les maladies génétiques (AIRG-France), BP 78, 75261 Paris cedex 06, France
| | - Olivier Traxer
- Service d'urologie, hôpital Tenon, 4, rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris, France
| | - Bertrand Knebelmann
- Service de néphrologie, hôpital Necker, 149, rue de Sèvres, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Marie Courbebaisse
- Service de physiologie - explorations fonctionnelles rénales et métaboliques, hôpital européen Georges-Pompidou, 20, rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France
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Fairweather SJ, Shah N, Brӧer S. Heteromeric Solute Carriers: Function, Structure, Pathology and Pharmacology. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 21:13-127. [PMID: 33052588 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2020_584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Solute carriers form one of three major superfamilies of membrane transporters in humans, and include uniporters, exchangers and symporters. Following several decades of molecular characterisation, multiple solute carriers that form obligatory heteromers with unrelated subunits are emerging as a distinctive principle of membrane transporter assembly. Here we comprehensively review experimentally established heteromeric solute carriers: SLC3-SLC7 amino acid exchangers, SLC16 monocarboxylate/H+ symporters and basigin/embigin, SLC4A1 (AE1) and glycophorin A exchanger, SLC51 heteromer Ost α-Ost β uniporter, and SLC6 heteromeric symporters. The review covers the history of the heteromer discovery, transporter physiology, structure, disease associations and pharmacology - all with a focus on the heteromeric assembly. The cellular locations, requirements for complex formation, and the functional role of dimerization are extensively detailed, including analysis of the first complete heteromer structures, the SLC7-SLC3 family transporters LAT1-4F2hc, b0,+AT-rBAT and the SLC6 family heteromer B0AT1-ACE2. We present a systematic analysis of the structural and functional aspects of heteromeric solute carriers and conclude with common principles of their functional roles and structural architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Fairweather
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia. .,Resarch School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
| | - Nishank Shah
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Stefan Brӧer
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
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Yahyaoui R, Pérez-Frías J. Amino Acid Transport Defects in Human Inherited Metabolic Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010119. [PMID: 31878022 PMCID: PMC6981491 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Amino acid transporters play very important roles in nutrient uptake, neurotransmitter recycling, protein synthesis, gene expression, cell redox balance, cell signaling, and regulation of cell volume. With regard to transporters that are closely connected to metabolism, amino acid transporter-associated diseases are linked to metabolic disorders, particularly when they involve different organs, cell types, or cell compartments. To date, 65 different human solute carrier (SLC) families and more than 400 transporter genes have been identified, including 11 that are known to include amino acid transporters. This review intends to summarize and update all the conditions in which a strong association has been found between an amino acid transporter and an inherited metabolic disorder. Many of these inherited disorders have been identified in recent years. In this work, the physiological functions of amino acid transporters will be described by the inherited diseases that arise from transporter impairment. The pathogenesis, clinical phenotype, laboratory findings, diagnosis, genetics, and treatment of these disorders are also briefly described. Appropriate clinical and diagnostic characterization of the underlying molecular defect may give patients the opportunity to avail themselves of appropriate therapeutic options in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Yahyaoui
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders and Newborn Screening Center of Eastern Andalusia, Málaga Regional University Hospital, 29011 Málaga, Spain
- Grupo Endocrinología y Nutrición, Diabetes y Obesidad, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Javier Pérez-Frías
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Investigación Pediátrica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, 29010 Málaga, Spain;
- Departamento de Farmacología y Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
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10
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Gene therapy for cystinuria. Urolithiasis 2019; 47:309-310. [DOI: 10.1007/s00240-019-01111-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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