Association of Single Measurement of dipstick proteinuria with physical performance of military males: the CHIEF study

The Potential Benefits of Acute Aronia Juice Supplementation on Physical Activity Induced Alterations of the Serum Protein Profiles in Recreational Runners: A Pilot Study

Intensive physical activity (PA) can lead to proteinuria and, consequently, serum protein profiles in athletes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of acute aronia juice consumption before a simulated half-marathon race on serum protein profiles in recreational runners. The pilot study was designed as a single-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study, with 10 male participants who consumed aronia juice (containing 1.3 g polyphenols) or placebo before the race. The blood levels of total proteins, albumin, the non-albumin fractions gamma, beta, alpha2 and alpha1, as well as renal function parameters, were determined before and 15 min, 1 h and 24 h after the race. The significant changes in urea, creatinine and uric acid levels were noticed at selected time points in both groups. In the placebo group, a significant decrease in total proteins (p < 0.05) was observed 24 h after the race, along with an increase in gamma fraction abundance (p < 0.05). In addition, urea and uric acid levels returned to baseline only in the aronia group 24 h after the race. Thus, according to the results obtained, acute aronia juice supplementation before intensive PA could influence the transient change in renal function and PA-induced protein loss in recreational runners.

Mean power output for muscular endurance exercises and maximal oxygen uptake in military young adults

The American Heart Association recommends a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) and some alternative exercise tests to evaluate maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) of youth. Power output has shown a high correlation with VO2 max on a CPET. However, the correlations between mean power output (MPO) for muscular endurance exercises and VO2 max measured from a CPET are not established in young adults. Forty-five volunteers, with an average age of 29.93 ± 7.05 years, from a sample of 1120 military personnel in Taiwan who attended a 2-minute pushup test and a 2-minute sit-up test were included in the current study. These volunteers subsequently underwent a CPET using the Bruce protocol to assess VO2 max. According to the physics rule, MPO (watts) for the muscular endurance test was defined as a product of moving distance and force: [1/5 × body height (m) × numbers performed × body mass (kg) × gravity (9.8 m/s2)]. Pearson correlation analyses were performed. For the 2-min pushups, the correlations (r) between pushup numbers and VO2 max with and without body mass adjustment were 0.541 (P < .01) and 0.188 (P = .21), respectively, while the correlation (r) between MPO and VO2 max with and without body mass adjustment were 0.410 and 0.557 (both P < .01), respectively. For the 2-minute sit-ups, the correlations (r) between sit-up numbers and VO2 max with and without body mass adjustment were 0.529 (P < .01) and 0.291 (P = .052), respectively, while the correlations (r) between MPO and VO2 max with and without body mass adjustment were 0.318 (P = .03) and 0.705 (P < .01), respectively. In military young adults, MPO for both the 2-minute sit-up and the 2-minute pushup tests could be used as alternative field-based methods to estimate VO2 max.

Localized periodontitis and kidney function for the risk of proteinuria in young adults in the CHIEF oral health study

This study aimed to investigate the association of localized periodontitis with proteinuria in 1281 military young adults in Taiwan. Localized periodontitis was classified as Healthy/Stage I (N = 928) or Stage II/III (N = 353). Stage 2 chronic kidney disease (CKD) was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 60-89 mL/min/1.73 m². Proteinuria was defined as protein levels of 2+ or 3+ on the dipstick test. Multiple logistic regression analysis with adjustments for age, sex, body mass index, remaining teeth number and other potential covariates were used to determine the association between localized Stage II/III periodontitis and dipstick proteinuria in patients with and without CKD. Localized stage II/III periodontitis was associated with a higher risk of dipstick proteinuria [odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval: 1.89 (1.04-3.42)], but not with stage 2 CKD. However, the association between localized stage II/III periodontitis and dipstick proteinuria was observed only in patients with stage 2 CKD [OR: 3.80 (1.56-9.27)], while the association was null in participants without stage 2 CKD [OR: 1.02 (0.42-2.45)]. Our findings suggest that among young adults, especially those with a mildly impaired eGFR, localized periodontitis might contribute to acute or chronic kidney injury, which manifests as proteinuria.

Urinary Proteomics of Simulated Firefighting Tasks and Its Relation to Fitness Parameters

Firefighting rescues are high-hazard activities accompanied by uncertainty, urgency, and complexity. Knowledge of the metabolic characteristics during firefighting rescues is of great value. The purpose of this study was to explore the firefighting-induced physiological responses in greater depth. The urine samples of ten firefighters were collected before and after the simulated firefighting, and the proteins in urine samples were identified by the liquid chromatography–mass spectroscopy. Blood lactate and heart rate were measured. There were 360 proteins up-regulated and 265 proteins downregulated after this simulated firefighting. Changes in protein expression were significantly related to acute inflammatory responses, immune responses, complement activation, and oxidative stress. Beta-2-microglobulin (r = 0.76, p < 0.05) and von Willebrand factors (r = 0.81, p < 0.01) were positively correlated with heart rate during simulated firefighting, and carbonic anhydrase 1 (r = 0.67, p < 0.05) were positively correlated with blood lactate after simulated firefighting. These results illustrated that Beta-2-microglobulin, von Willebrand, and carbonic anhydrase 1 could be regarded as important indicators to evaluate exercise intensity for firefighters.

Dipstick proteinuria and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a nationwide population-based cohort study

Background

Proteinuria has been recognized as a marker of systemic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction associated with insulin resistance and β-cell impairment, which can contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, it is unknown whether the dipstick proteinuria test has a predictive value for new-onset T2DM.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study analyzed 239,287 non-diabetic participants who participated in the Korean nationwide health screening program in 2009–2010. Proteinuria was determined by the urine dipstick test at the baseline health screening. We performed multivariate Cox proportional regression analyses for the development of new-onset T2DM. Follow-up was performed until December 2015.

Results

During the mean follow-up period of 5.73 years, 22,215 participants were diagnosed with new-onset T2DM. The presence of proteinuria was significantly associated with an increased risk of T2DM (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.19, 95% confidence interval: 1.10, 1.29). There was a positive dose–response relationship between the degree of dipstick proteinuria and T2DM risk. This significant association between proteinuria and T2DM risk was consistent regardless of the fasting glucose level at baseline.

Conclusions

Dipstick proteinuria is a significant risk factor for new-onset T2DM. Therefore, proteinuria might be a useful biomarker to identify those at a high risk for developing T2DM.

Supplementary Information

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-021-02934-y.