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Zhou LT, Ali AE, Jayachandran M, Haskic Z, Harris PC, Rule AD, Koo K, McDonnell SK, Larson NB, Lieske JC. Association between Kidney Stones and CKD: A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Study. J Am Soc Nephrol 2024:00001751-990000000-00382. [PMID: 39102294 DOI: 10.1681/asn.0000000000000453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background:
Kidney stones and CKD are common disorders with a substantial interaction. Although observational studies have suggested a potential for enhanced CKD risk after prior kidney stones, the exact relationship remains ambiguous.
Methods:
Shared comorbidities between two diseases were identified using unbiased screening. Genome-wide association study summary statistics were obtained from the UK Biobank (UKBB), FinnGen, and CKDGen, followed by genetic association analyses across various traits. Bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were performed to define causal links, complemented by multivariable MR that included the shared comorbidities including hypertension, diabetes, and obesity. Observational analyses were undertaken using cohorts from the Mayo Clinic and a UKBB subset.
Results:
Despite identifying a total of 123 conditions as shared comorbidities, there was no significant genetic correlation between kidney stones and CKD. Unadjusted MR analysis revealed no significant association between kidney stones and CKD risk (UKBB [exposure]/FinnGen [outcome]: OR=0.97, 95% CI: 0.88∼1.06; FinnGen/UKBB: OR=1.17, 95% CI:0.98∼1.39). Kidney stones did significantly associate with a higher urinary albumin-creatinine ratio (UACR) (β=0.014, 95% CI: 0.002∼0.025), but this association disappeared in the multivariable MR model (β=0.009, 95% CI: -0.003∼0.020). Furthermore, in a cross-sectional analysis limited to the UKBB cohort, a robust regression model did not detect an independent association between kidney stones and UACR (β=0.16, 95% CI: -0.04∼0.35) or eGFR (β=0.10, 95% CI: -0.07∼0.28). Conversely, CKD associated with a diminished risk of kidney stones in multivariable MR models (UKBB/FinnGen: OR=0.77, 95% CI: 0.69∼0.87; FinnGen/UKBB: OR=0.73, 95% CI: 0.66∼0.81). Furthermore, in the Mayo Clinic cohort with available urinary biochemistries, lower eGFR was associated with lower urinary calcium excretion and urinary calcium oxalate/phosphate supersaturation.
Conclusions:
In this study, kidney stones were not independently associated with CKD. Conversely, CKD was associated with a lower risk of calcium kidney stones likely via changes in key urinary traits, including lower calcium excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le-Ting Zhou
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ahmed E Ali
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Muthuvel Jayachandran
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Zejfa Haskic
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Peter C Harris
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Andrew D Rule
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Kevin Koo
- Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Shannon K McDonnell
- Division of Clinical Trials and Biostatistics, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Nicholas B Larson
- Division of Clinical Trials and Biostatistics, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - John C Lieske
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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Yoodee S, Peerapen P, Rattananinsruang P, Detsangiamsak S, Sukphan S, Thongboonkerd V. Large-scale identification of calcium oxalate stone inhibitory proteins in normal human urine. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 275:133646. [PMID: 38969041 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Recent evidence has shown that proteins in normal human urine can inhibit calcium oxalate (CaOx) kidney stone formation. Herein, we performed fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) to fractionate normal human urinary proteins using anion-exchange (DEAE) and size-exclusion (Superdex 200) materials. FPLC fractions (F1-F15) were examined by CaOx crystallization, growth, aggregation and crystal-cell adhesion assays. The fractions with potent inhibitory activities against CaOx crystals were then subjected to mass spectrometric protein identification. The data revealed that 13 of 15 fractions showed inhibitory activities in at least one crystal assay. Integrating CaOx inhibitory scores demonstrated that F6, F7 and F8 had the most potent inhibitory activities. NanoLC-ESI-Qq-TOF MS/MS identified 105, 93 and 53 proteins in F6, F7 and F8, respectively. Among them, 60 were found in at least two fractions and/or listed among known inhibitors with solid experimental evidence in the StoneMod database (https://www.stonemod.org). Interestingly, 10 of these 60 potential inhibitors have been reported with lower urinary levels in CaOx stone formers compared with healthy (non-stone) individuals, strengthening their roles as potent CaOx stone inhibitors. Our study provides the largest dataset of potential CaOx stone inhibitory proteins that will be useful for further elucidations of stone-forming mechanisms and ultimately for therapeutic/preventive applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunisa Yoodee
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Paleerath Peerapen
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Piyaporn Rattananinsruang
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Sasinun Detsangiamsak
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Sirirat Sukphan
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Visith Thongboonkerd
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand.
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Finch RH, Vitry G, Siew K, Walsh SB, Behesti A, Hardiman G, da Silveira WA. Spaceflight causes strain dependent gene expression changes associated with lipid and extracellular matrix dysregulation in the mouse kidney in vivo. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.13.584781. [PMID: 38559158 PMCID: PMC10979940 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.13.584781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
To explore new worlds we must ensure humans can survive and thrive in the space environment. Incidence of kidney stones in astronauts is a major risk factor associated with long term missions, caused by increased blood calcium levels due to bone demineralisation triggered by microgravity and space radiation. Transcriptomic changes have been observed in other tissues during spaceflight, including the kidney. We analysed kidney transcriptome patterns in two different strains of mice flown on the International Space Station, C57BL/6J and BALB/c. Here we show a link between spaceflight and transcriptome patterns associated with dysregulation of lipid and extracellular matrix metabolism and altered transforming growth factor-beta signalling. A stronger response was seen in C57BL/6J mice than BALB/c. Genetic differences in hyaluronan metabolism between strains may confer protection against extracellular matrix remodelling through downregulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. We intend for our findings to contribute to development of new countermeasures against kidney disease in astronauts and people here on Earth.
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4
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Chien YC, Chen PH, Chang YJ. Impact of frailty on perioperative outcomes following percutaneous nephrolithotomy in older persons: evidence from the US Nationwide Inpatient Sample. Urolithiasis 2024; 52:95. [PMID: 38896137 PMCID: PMC11186895 DOI: 10.1007/s00240-024-01595-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
To evaluate the impact of frailty on perioperative outcomes of older patients undergoing PCNL, utilizing the US Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) database. Data of hospitalized patients ≥ 60 years who received PCNL were extracted from the 2010 to 2020 NIS database, and included demographics, clinical, and hospital-related information. Patients were assigned to low (< 5), medium (5-15), and high frailty risk (> 15) groups based on the hospital frailty risk score (HFRS). Associations between frailty risk and perioperative outcomes including total hospital cost were determined using population-weighted linear and logistic regression analyses. Data of 30,829 hospitalized patients were analyzed (mean age 72.5 years; 55% male; 78% white). Multivariable analyses revealed that compared to low frailty risk, increased frailty risk was significantly associated with elevated in-hospital mortality (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 10.70, 95% confidence interval (CI): 6.38-18.62), higher incidence of unfavorable discharge (aOR = 5.09, 95% CI: 4.43-5.86), prolonged hospital length of stay (LOS; aOR = 7.67, 95% CI: 6.38-9.22), increased transfusion risk (aOR = 8.05, 95% CI: 6.55-9.90), increased total hospital costs (adjusted Beta = 37.61, 95% CI: 36.39-38.83), and greater risk of complications (aOR = 8.52, 95% CI: 7.69-9.45). Frailty is a significant prognostic indicator of adverse perioperative outcomes in older patients undergoing PCNL, underscoring importance of recognizing and managing frailty in older patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Chiuan Chien
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung Li District, No. 200, Zhongbei Rd., Zhongli Dist, Taoyuan, 320314, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
- Tai-An Hospital, Taichung, 401007, Taiwan
| | - Pao-Hwa Chen
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Changhua Christian Hospital, 135, Nanxiao St, Changhua, Changhua, 500209, Taiwan
| | - Yaw-Jen Chang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung Li District, No. 200, Zhongbei Rd., Zhongli Dist, Taoyuan, 320314, Taiwan (R.O.C.).
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Banerjee M, Kar A, Ahamed J, Bhattacharjee R, Maitra D, Maisnam I, Das TC, Sahana PK, Chowdhury S, Mukhopadhyay S. Renal Dysfunction in Primary Hyperparathyroidism is associated with nephrolithiasis, elevated serum calcium-phosphate product and parathormone levels. Endocrine 2024; 83:757-762. [PMID: 38091198 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-023-03631-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Baseline renal dysfunction predicts mortality in primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). However, it remains controversial whether renal insufficiency in PHPT is due to disease severity alone or other risk factors. This study aimed to explore the association of clinico-biochemical variables with renal dysfunction [estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 ml/min/m2] in PHPT. METHODS A total of 112 patients of PHPT were selected and divided into following subgroups: renal dysfunction (n = 28) and normal renal function (n = 84). Demographic characteristics, traditional risk factors, phenotypes of PHPT based on target organ involvement, and biochemical parameters were compared between these subgroups. RESULTS Patient subgroups of PHPT with and without renal dysfunction had similar age, frequency of diabetes, and hypertension. Renal dysfunction was more prevalent in males (p < 0.05). Compared to normal renal function subgroup, individuals with renal dysfunction had higher serum levels of calcium, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase, intact parathormone (all p < 0.05), while having lower hemoglobin levels (p < 0.05) and higher nephrolithiasis rates (p < 0.05). Multiple regression analysis revealed that nephrolithiasis, serum calcium-phosphorous product (CaxP), parathormone levels were positively associated with baseline renal dysfunction (all p < 0.01). A baseline PTH > 456 pg/mL and CaxP > 30.0 mg2/dl2 could discriminate renal dysfunction from normal renal function with sensitivity and specificity of 75% and 74.5% and 92.6% and 74.4%, respectively. CONCLUSION Renal dysfunction was associated with presence of nephrolithiasis, elevated serum CaxP and PTH levels in our cohort with predominantly symptomatic PHPT, indicating an association with the underlying disease itself. Serum CaxP may additionally be appraised during risk assessment in PHPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mainak Banerjee
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, 700020, India
| | - Anish Kar
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, 700020, India
| | - Jan Ahamed
- Department of Endocrinology, Travancore Medical College and Hospital, Kollam, Kerala, India
| | - Rana Bhattacharjee
- Department of Endocrinology, Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, 700007, India
| | - Dhritiman Maitra
- Department of Surgery, Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, 700007, India
| | - Indira Maisnam
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, 700020, India
| | - Tapas Chandra Das
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, 700020, India
| | - Pranab Kumar Sahana
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, 700020, India
| | - Subhankar Chowdhury
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, 700020, India
| | - Satinath Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, 700020, India.
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Kanbay M, Copur S, Bakir CN, Hatipoglu A, Sinha S, Haarhaus M. Management of de novo nephrolithiasis after kidney transplantation: a comprehensive review from the European Renal Association CKD-MBD working group. Clin Kidney J 2024; 17:sfae023. [PMID: 38410685 PMCID: PMC10896178 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfae023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The lifetime incidence of kidney stones is 6%-12% in the general population. Nephrolithiasis is a known cause of acute and chronic kidney injury, mediated via obstructive uropathy or crystal-induced nephropathy, and several modifiable and non-modifiable genetic and lifestyle causes have been described. Evidence for epidemiology and management of nephrolithiasis after kidney transplantation is limited by a low number of publications, small study sizes and short observational periods. Denervation of the kidney and ureter graft greatly reduces symptomatology of kidney stones in transplant recipients, which may contribute to a considerable underdiagnosis. Thus, reported prevalence rates of 1%-2% after kidney transplantation and the lack of adverse effects on allograft function and survival should be interpreted with caution. In this narrative review we summarize current state-of-the-art knowledge regarding epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, prevention and therapy of nephrolithiasis after kidney transplantation, including management of asymptomatic stone disease in kidney donors. Our aim is to strengthen clinical nephrologists who treat kidney transplant recipients in informed decision-making regarding management of kidney stones. Available evidence, supporting both surgical and medical treatment and prevention of kidney stones, is presented and critically discussed. The specific anatomy of the transplanted kidney and urinary tract requires deviation from established interventional approaches for nephrolithiasis in native kidneys. Also, pharmacological and lifestyle changes may need adaptation to the specific situation of kidney transplant recipients. Finally, we point out current knowledge gaps and the need for additional evidence from future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Kanbay
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sidar Copur
- Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cicek N Bakir
- Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alper Hatipoglu
- Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Smeeta Sinha
- Department of Renal Medicine, Salford Royal NHS Institute, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
| | - Mathias Haarhaus
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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7
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Filler G, Dave S, Ritter V, Ross S, Viprakasit D, Hatch JE, Bjazevic J, Burton J, Gilleskie D, Gilliland J, Lin FC, Jain N, McClure JA, Razvi H, Bhayana V, Wang P, Coulson S, Sultan N, Denstedt J, Fearrington L, Diaz-Gonzalez de Ferris ME. In focus: perplexing increase of urinary stone disease in children, adolescent and young adult women and its economic impact. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1272900. [PMID: 37937142 PMCID: PMC10626457 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1272900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Urinary stone disease (USD) historically has affected older men, but studies suggest recent increases in women, leading to a near identical sex incidence ratio. USD incidence has doubled every 10 years, with disproportionate increases amongst children, adolescent, and young adult (AYA) women. USD stone composition in women is frequently apatite (calcium phosphate), which forms in a higher urine pH, low urinary citrate, and an abundance of urinary uric acid, while men produce more calcium oxalate stones. The reasons for this epidemiological trend are unknown. Methods This perspective presents the extent of USD with data from a Canadian Province and a North American institution, explanations for these findings and offers potential solutions to decrease this trend. We describe the economic impact of USD. Findings There was a significant increase of 46% in overall surgical interventions for USD in Ontario. The incidence rose from 47.0/100,000 in 2002 to 68.7/100,000 population in 2016. In a single United States institution, the overall USD annual unique patient count rose from 10,612 to 17,706 from 2015 to 2019, and the proportion of women with USD was much higher than expected. In the 10-17-year-old patients, 50.1% were girls; with 57.5% in the 18-34 age group and 53.6% in the 35-44 age group. The roles of obesity, diet, hormones, environmental factors, infections, and antibiotics, as well as the economic impact, are discussed. Interpretation We confirm the significant increase in USD among women. We offer potential explanations for this sex disparity, including microbiological and pathophysiological aspects. We also outline innovative solutions - that may require steps beyond typical preventive and treatment recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Filler
- Department of Paediatrics, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Sumit Dave
- Department of Surgery, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Victor Ritter
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Sherry Ross
- Department of Urology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Davis Viprakasit
- Department of Urology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Joseph E. Hatch
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | | | - Jeremy Burton
- Department of Surgery, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Donna Gilleskie
- Department of Economics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Jason Gilliland
- Department of Geography, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Feng-Chang Lin
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Nina Jain
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | | | - Hassan Razvi
- Department of Surgery, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Vipin Bhayana
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Peter Wang
- Department of Surgery, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Sherry Coulson
- Department of Paediatrics, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Nabil Sultan
- Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - John Denstedt
- Department of Surgery, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Loretta Fearrington
- North Carolina Translational and Clinical Sciences Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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Abate V, Vergatti A, Fiore A, Forte A, Attanasio A, Altavilla N, De Filippo G, Rendina D, D Elia L. Low Potassium Intake: A Common Risk Factor for Nephrolithiasis in Patients with High Blood Pressure. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2023:10.1007/s40292-023-00587-0. [PMID: 37330455 PMCID: PMC10403441 DOI: 10.1007/s40292-023-00587-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension (Htn) is a crucial cause of cardio-vascular and chronic kidney disease. Moreover, it is an independent risk factor for nephrolithiasis (NL). A diet rich in vegetables and fruits is indicated for both Htn and NL prevention, and the 24-h urinary potassium excretion can be used as a warning light for adherence. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the association between urinary potassium excretion and recurrent nephrolithiasis among patients affected by Htn. We have analyzed medical records of 119 patients affected by Htn and NL (SF-Hs) referring to Bone and Mineral Metabolism laboratory and 119 patients affected by Htn but without NL (nSF-Hs) referring to Hypertension and Organ Damage Hypertension related laboratory, both in Federico II University of Naples. The potassium 24-h urinary levels in SF-Hs were significantly lower compared to nSF-Hs. This difference was confirmed by the multivariable linear regression analysis in the unadjusted model and adjusted model for age, gender, metabolic syndrome, and body mass index. In conclusion, a higher potassium urinary excretion in 24-h is a protective factor against NL in patients affected by Htn and dietary interventions can be considered for kidney protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Abate
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, Naples, Via Sergio Pansini, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Anita Vergatti
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, Naples, Via Sergio Pansini, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella Fiore
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, Naples, Via Sergio Pansini, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Angelo Forte
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, Naples, Via Sergio Pansini, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessia Attanasio
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, Naples, Via Sergio Pansini, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Nadia Altavilla
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, Naples, Via Sergio Pansini, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Gianpaolo De Filippo
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Robert-Debré, Service d'Endocrinologie-Diabétologie, 75019, Paris, France
| | - Domenico Rendina
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, Naples, Via Sergio Pansini, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Lanfranco D Elia
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, Naples, Via Sergio Pansini, 80131, Naples, Italy
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9
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Bao D, Zhang H, Wang J, Wang Y, Wang S, Zhao MH. Determinants on urinary excretion of oxalate and other key factors related to urolithiasis among patients with chronic kidney disease: a single center study. Urolithiasis 2023; 51:88. [PMID: 37314585 PMCID: PMC10266999 DOI: 10.1007/s00240-023-01458-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Urolithiasis is a known risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, how CKD might affect the risk of incidence of urolithiasis is not widely studied. METHODS Urinary excretion of oxalate as well as other key factors related to urolithiasis was analyzed in a single center study of 572 patients with biopsy-proven kidney disease. RESULTS The mean age of the cohort was 44.9 years and 60% were males. The mean eGFR was 65.9 ml/min/1.73 m2. Median urinary excretion of oxalate was 14.7 (10.4-19.1) mg/24-h and associated with current urolithiasis (OR 12.744, 95% CI: 1.564-103.873 per one logarithm transformed unit of urinary oxalate excretion). Oxalate excretion was not associated with eGFR and urinary protein excretion. Oxalate excretion was higher in patients with ischemia nephropathy as compared with patients with glomerular nephropathy and tubulointerstitial nephropathy (16.4 vs 14.8 vs 12.0 mg, p = 0.018). And ischemia nephropathy (p = 0.027) was associated with urinary oxalate excretion on adjusted linear regression analysis. Urinary excretion of calcium and uric acid was correlated with eGFR and urinary protein excretion (all p < 0.001), with ischemia nephropathy and tubulointerstitial nephropathy associated with uric acid excretion (both p < 0.01) as well. Citrate excretion was correlated with eGFR (p < 0.001) on adjusted linear regression. CONCLUSION Excretion of oxalate and other key factors related to urolithiasis was differentially associated with eGFR, urinary protein, and pathological changes in CKD patients. The influence of these intrinsic traits of the underlining kidney disease should be considered when evaluating urolithiasis risk in patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daorina Bao
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xishiku St., Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, 100034, China
- Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100034, China
- Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100034, China
- Research Units of Diagnosis and Treatment of Immune-Mediated Kidney Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xishiku St., Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, 100034, China
- Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100034, China
- Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100034, China
- Research Units of Diagnosis and Treatment of Immune-Mediated Kidney Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinwei Wang
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xishiku St., Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, 100034, China
- Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100034, China
- Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100034, China
- Research Units of Diagnosis and Treatment of Immune-Mediated Kidney Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xishiku St., Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China.
- Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, 100034, China.
- Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100034, China.
- Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100034, China.
- Research Units of Diagnosis and Treatment of Immune-Mediated Kidney Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Suxia Wang
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Pathological Centre, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Ming-Hui Zhao
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xishiku St., Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, 100034, China
- Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100034, China
- Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100034, China
- Research Units of Diagnosis and Treatment of Immune-Mediated Kidney Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Peking-Tsinghuric Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, 100871, China
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10
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Noonin C, Itsaranawet T, Thongboonkerd V. Calcium oxalate crystal-induced secretome derived from proximal tubular cells, not that from distal tubular cells, induces renal fibroblast activation. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:150. [PMID: 37031165 PMCID: PMC10082508 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01109-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kidney stone disease (KSD) is commonly accompanied with renal fibrosis, characterized by accumulation and reorganization of extracellular matrix (ECM). During fibrogenesis, resident renal fibroblasts are activated to become myofibroblasts that actively produce ECM. However, such fibroblast-myofibroblast differentiation in KSD remained unclear. Our present study thus examined effects of secreted products (secretome) derived from proximal (HK-2) vs. distal (MDCK) renal tubular cells exposed to calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) crystals on activation of renal fibroblasts (BHK-21). METHODS HK-2 and MDCK cells were treated with 100 µg/ml COM crystals under serum-free condition for 16 h. In parallel, the cells maintained in serum-free medium without COM treatment served as the control. Secretome derived from culture supernatant of each sample was mixed (1:1) with fresh serum-free medium and then used for BHK-21 culture for another 24 h. RESULTS Analyses revealed that COM-treated-HK-2 secretome significantly induced proliferation, caused morphological changes, increased spindle index, and upregulated fibroblast-activation markers (F-actin, α-SMA and fibronectin) in BHK-21 cells. However, COM-treated-MDCK secretome had no significant effects on these BHK-21 parameters. Moreover, level of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), a profibrotic factor, significantly increased in the COM-treated-HK-2 secretome but not in the COM-treated-MDCK secretome. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate, for the first time, that proximal and distal tubular epithelial cells exposed to COM crystals send different messages to resident renal fibroblasts. Only the secretome derived from proximal tubular cells, not that from the distal cells, induces renal fibroblast activation after their exposure to COM crystals. Such differential effects are partly due to TGF-β1 secretion, which is induced by COM crystals only in proximal tubular cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chadanat Noonin
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 6th Floor - SiMR Building, 2 Wanglang Road, Bangkoknoi, 10700, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tanakorn Itsaranawet
- Biological Sciences Program, Mahidol University International College, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Visith Thongboonkerd
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 6th Floor - SiMR Building, 2 Wanglang Road, Bangkoknoi, 10700, Bangkok, Thailand.
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11
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Chamsuwan S, Buranakarl C, Angkanaporn K, Dissayabutra T, Chuaypen N, Pisitkun T, Kalpongnukul N. A urinary proteomic study in hypercalciuric dogs with and without calcium oxalate urolithiasis. Vet World 2022; 15:2937-2944. [PMID: 36718335 PMCID: PMC9880843 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.2937-2944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Hypercalciuria is an important predisposing factor commonly found in humans and dogs with calcium oxalate (CaOx) urolithiasis. Calcium oxalate crystals can induce an inflammatory reaction that subsequently produces several proteins that have an inhibitory or stimulatory effect on stone formation. This study aimed to evaluate the differences in urinary proteomic profiles between hypercalciuric CaOx stone dogs and hypercalciuric stone-free dogs (CaOx stone and control groups, respectively). Materials and Methods Seven dogs with hypercalciuric CaOx urolithiasis and breed-, sex-, and aged-matched controls with hypercalciuria were included in the study. Serum and urine samples were obtained from all dogs to analyze electrolytes. Urinary proteomic profiles were analyzed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Student's t-test was used to compare the differences between groups. Results Forty-nine urinary proteins were identified in the stone-free and CaOx stone groups, whereas 19 and 6 proteins were unique in the CaOx stone and stone-free groups, respectively. The urinary thrombomodulin level was significantly higher in the CaOx stone group (relative ratio = 1.8, p < 0.01) than in the stone-free group. Conclusion This study demonstrated that urinary proteomic profiles may be used as a candidate biomarker for urinary tract injury in CaOx urolithiasis in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumonwan Chamsuwan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chollada Buranakarl
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand,Corresponding author: Chollada Buranakarl, e-mail: Co-authors: SC: , KA: , TD: , NC: , TP: , NK:
| | - Kris Angkanaporn
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thasinas Dissayabutra
- Metabolic Disease in Gut and Urinary System Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Natthaya Chuaypen
- Metabolic Disease in Gut and Urinary System Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Trairak Pisitkun
- Center of Excellence in Systems Biology, Research Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nuttiya Kalpongnukul
- Center of Excellence in Systems Biology, Research Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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12
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Lai W, Shi M, Huang R, Fu P, Ma L. Fatty acid-binding protein 4 in kidney diseases: From mechanisms to clinics. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 931:175224. [PMID: 35995212 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Considerable evidence indicated the relationship between fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) and kidney diseases. FABP4, a small molecular lipid chaperone, is identified to regulate fatty acid oxidation, inflammation, apoptosis, endoplasmic reticulum stress and macrophage-to-myofibroblast transition in kidney diseases. Many studies have shown that circulating FABP4 level is related to proteinuria, renal function decline, cardiovascular complications of end-stage renal disease and even the prognosis of kidney transplanted patients. Notably, pharmacological or genetic inhibition of FABP4 attenuated renal injury in the various experimental models of kidney diseases, making it promising to develop potential therapeutic strategies targeting FABP4 in kidney diseases. In this study, we updated and reviewed the mechanisms and clinical significance of FABP4 in kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijing Lai
- Kidney Research Institute, Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 610041, China; Department of Nephrology, Clinical Medical College and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, China
| | - Min Shi
- Kidney Research Institute, Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Rongshuang Huang
- Kidney Research Institute, Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ping Fu
- Kidney Research Institute, Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Liang Ma
- Kidney Research Institute, Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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13
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Effective dose for kidney-ureter-bladder plain radiography, intravenous urography, and abdominal computed tomography scan: A phantom study. Appl Radiat Isot 2022; 187:110339. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2022.110339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Kidney Stones, Proteinuria and Renal Tubular Metabolic Acidosis: What Is the Link? Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10050836. [PMID: 35627973 PMCID: PMC9141745 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10050836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney stone disease represents a rare cause of chronic kidney disease (2−3%) but has severe clinical consequences. Type 1 renal tubular acidosis is a strong lithogenic condition mainly related to primary Sjögren syndrome. This study aimed to illustrate an unusual presentation of Sjögren syndrome to improve the knowledge about rare kidney stone diseases, and to provide clues for the diagnostic approach in this specific condition. We report the case of a 35-year-old Indian woman with severe nephrocalcinosis and chronic kidney disease with tubular proteinuria who presented for metabolic assessment. We found advanced chronic kidney disease, low serum bicarbonate, permanent alkaline urine with pH at ~7.1, and severe hypocitraturia corresponding to type 1 renal tubular acidosis. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate was high. Serological screening for HAV, HBV, HCV, HIV, EBV was negative and complement was normal. Autoimmune screening showed antinuclear antibodies (>1/1.280) with anti-SSA, anti-SSA/Ro52 and anti-SSB antibodies. Genetic testing excluded an inherited cause of renal tubular acidosis. A renal biopsy showed moderate chronic tubulo-interstitial nephritis without any glomerular involvement. Primary Sjögren syndrome with significant renal involvement was considered, and corticosteroids were then subsequently initiated in combination with potassium citrate with vitamin D substitution. Only partial improvement was observed in electrolytes disturbance. After 15 months, her renal function remained stable. In conclusion, nephrocalcinosis could be the first manifestation of severely impacting diseases such as primary Sjögren syndrome. Chronic kidney disease, bilateral nephrocalcinosis, and metabolic acidosis can be linked through type 1 renal tubular acidosis. Therefore, autoimmune screening for Sjögren syndrome should be considered in such cases.
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15
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Choy SH, Nyanatay SA, Sothilingam S, Malek R, J. R. S, Toh CC, Sundram M, Md Yusoff NA, Nagappan P, Kamaruzaman S, Yeoh WS, Ong TA, Lim J. Cardiovascular risk factors, ethnicity and infection stone are independent factors associated with reduced renal function in renal stone formers. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265510. [PMID: 35421118 PMCID: PMC9009641 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent evidence suggested the link between nephrolithiasis and renal function impairment. We aimed to determine the renal function profile and potential factors associated with reduced renal function amongst renal stone formers in multi-ethnic Asians. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study involving patients undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy between May 2015 and December 2019. Reduced renal function was defined as having estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 ml/min per 1.73 m2. Renal stone samples were collected and quantified using infrared spectroscopy. Potential factors associated with reduced renal function including age, ethnicity, educational level, history of diabetes, hypertension, gout, hydronephrosis, serum uric acid level, and type of renal stone were evaluated using univariable and multivariable analyses. RESULTS A total of 1162 patients from a multi-ethnic population (Malays 67%, Chinese 19%, Indians 13% and indigenous people 1%) with median age of 57 years (Interquartile range 48-64) were enrolled in the study. Almost a third of patients were found with reduced renal function. Multivariable analysis showed that the odds of having reduced renal function increased with age, ethnicity, lower educational level, history of diabetes, hypertension, gout, bilateral hydronephrosis, elevated serum uric acid level and infection stone. CONCLUSIONS Reduced renal function varies between ethnicities and all age groups of renal stone formers. In addition to age and ethnicity, cardiovascular risk factors including diabetes and hypertension may also need to be taken into account in managing stone patients with reduced renal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seow Huey Choy
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Selina Ann Nyanatay
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Rohan Malek
- Department of Urology, Hospital Selayang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Charng Chee Toh
- Department of Urology, Hospital Selayang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Murali Sundram
- Department of Urology, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Shakirin Kamaruzaman
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wei Sien Yeoh
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Teng Aik Ong
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jasmine Lim
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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16
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Singh P, Harris PC, Sas DJ, Lieske JC. The genetics of kidney stone disease and nephrocalcinosis. Nat Rev Nephrol 2022; 18:224-240. [PMID: 34907378 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-021-00513-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Kidney stones (also known as urinary stones or nephrolithiasis) are highly prevalent, affecting approximately 10% of adults worldwide, and the incidence of stone disease is increasing. Kidney stone formation results from an imbalance of inhibitors and promoters of crystallization, and calcium-containing calculi account for over 80% of stones. In most patients, the underlying aetiology is thought to be multifactorial, with environmental, dietary, hormonal and genetic components. The advent of high-throughput sequencing techniques has enabled a monogenic cause of kidney stones to be identified in up to 30% of children and 10% of adults who form stones, with ~35 different genes implicated. In addition, genome-wide association studies have implicated a series of genes involved in renal tubular handling of lithogenic substrates and of inhibitors of crystallization in stone disease in the general population. Such findings will likely lead to the identification of additional treatment targets involving underlying enzymatic or protein defects, including but not limited to those that alter urinary biochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prince Singh
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Peter C Harris
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - David J Sas
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - John C Lieske
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. .,Division of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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17
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HydroZitLa inhibits calcium oxalate stone formation in nephrolithic rats and promotes longevity in nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5102. [PMID: 35332173 PMCID: PMC8948263 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08316-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Low fluid intake, low urinary citrate excretion, and high oxidative stress are main causative factors of calcium oxalate (CaOx) nephrolithiasis. HydroZitLa contains citrate and natural antioxidants and is developed to correct these three factors simultaneously. Antioxidants theoretically can prolong the lifespan of organisms. In this study, we preclinically investigated the antilithogenic, lifespan-extending and anti-aging effects of HydroZitLa in HK-2 cells, male Wistar rats, and Caenorhabditis elegans. HydroZitLa significantly inhibited CaOx crystal aggregation in vitro and reduced oxidative stress in HK-2 cells challenged with lithogenic factors. For experimental nephrolithiasis, rats were divided into four groups: ethylene glycol (EG), EG + HydroZitLa, EG + Uralyt-U, and untreated control. CaOx deposits in kidneys of EG + HydroZitLa and EG + Uralyt-U rats were significantly lower than those of EG rats. Intrarenal expression of 4-hydroxynonenal in EG + HydroZitLa rats was significantly lower than that of EG rats. The urinary oxalate levels of EG + HydroZitLa and EG + Uralyt-U rats were significantly lower than those of EG rats. The urinary citrate levels of EG + HydroZitLa and EG + Uralyt-U rats were restored to the level in normal control rats. In C. elegans, HydroZitLa supplementation significantly extended the median lifespan of nematodes up to 34% without altering feeding ability. Lipofuscin accumulation in HydroZitLa-supplemented nematodes was significantly lower than that of non-supplemented control. Additionally, HydroZitLa inhibited telomere shortening, p16 upregulation, and premature senescence in HK-2 cells exposed to lithogenic stressors. Conclusions, HydroZitLa inhibited oxidative stress and CaOx formation both in vitro and in vivo. HydroZitLa extended the lifespan and delayed the onset of aging in C. elegans and human kidney cells. This preclinical evidence suggests that HydroZitLa is beneficial for inhibiting CaOx stone formation, promoting longevity, and slowing down aging.
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18
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Lubkowicz D, Horvath NG, James MJ, Cantarella P, Renaud L, Bergeron CG, Shmueli RB, Anderson C, Gao J, Kurtz CB, Perreault M, Charbonneau MR, Isabella VM, Hava DL. An engineered bacterial therapeutic lowers urinary oxalate in preclinical models and
in silico
simulations of enteric hyperoxaluria. Mol Syst Biol 2022; 18:e10539. [PMID: 35253995 PMCID: PMC8899768 DOI: 10.15252/msb.202110539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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Filler G, Salerno F, McIntyre CW, de Ferris MEDG. Animal, Human, and 23Na MRI Imaging Evidence for the Negative Impact of High Dietary Salt in Children. CURRENT PEDIATRICS REPORTS 2021; 9:110-117. [PMID: 34567839 PMCID: PMC8449209 DOI: 10.1007/s40124-021-00249-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW Conditions typically prevalent in adults such as hypertension, kidney stones, osteoporosis, and chronic kidney disease are increasing among adolescents and young adults (AYA). The purpose of this review is to describe the association of these conditions to a high salt diet among pediatric patients. RECENT FINDINGS We present animal, human, and 23Na MRI evidence associated with the negative impact of high dietary salt in children. Special focus is placed on novel 23Na MRI imaging which reveals the important concept of a third compartment for sodium storage in soft tissue. Finally, we make recommendations on who should not be on a low salt diet. SUMMARY A high salt intake predisposes children and AYA to considerable morbidity. We exhort the reader to engage in advocacy efforts to curve the incidence and prevalence of high salt-related life-limiting conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Filler
- Departments of Pediatrics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, 800 Commissioners Road East, London, ON E3-206N6A 5W9 Canada
- Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
- Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
- Children’s Health Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
- Lilibeth Caberto Kidney Clinical Research Unit, London, ON Canada
| | - Fabio Salerno
- Lilibeth Caberto Kidney Clinical Research Unit, London, ON Canada
- Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Christopher William McIntyre
- Departments of Pediatrics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, 800 Commissioners Road East, London, ON E3-206N6A 5W9 Canada
- Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
- Children’s Health Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
- Lilibeth Caberto Kidney Clinical Research Unit, London, ON Canada
- Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
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Yoodee S, Noonin C, Sueksakit K, Kanlaya R, Chaiyarit S, Peerapen P, Thongboonkerd V. Effects of secretome derived from macrophages exposed to calcium oxalate crystals on renal fibroblast activation. Commun Biol 2021; 4:959. [PMID: 34381146 PMCID: PMC8358035 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02479-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between kidney stone disease and renal fibrosis has been widely explored in recent years but its underlying mechanisms remain far from complete understanding. Using label-free quantitative proteomics (nanoLC-ESI-LTQ-Orbitrap MS/MS), this study identified 23 significantly altered secreted proteins from calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM)-exposed macrophages (COM-MP) compared with control macrophages (Ctrl-MP) secretome. Functional annotation and protein-protein interactions network analysis revealed that these altered secreted proteins were involved mainly in inflammatory response and fibroblast activation. BHK-21 renal fibroblasts treated with COM-MP secretome had more spindle-shaped morphology with greater spindle index. Immunofluorescence study and gelatin zymography revealed increased levels of fibroblast activation markers (α-smooth muscle actin and F-actin) and fibrotic factors (fibronectin and matrix metalloproteinase-9 and -2) in the COM-MP secretome-treated fibroblasts. Our findings indicate that proteins secreted from macrophages exposed to COM crystals induce renal fibroblast activation and may play important roles in renal fibrogenesis in kidney stone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunisa Yoodee
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chadanat Noonin
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kanyarat Sueksakit
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Rattiyaporn Kanlaya
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sakdithep Chaiyarit
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Paleerath Peerapen
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Visith Thongboonkerd
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Peerapen P, Thongboonkerd V. Kidney stone proteomics: an update and perspectives. Expert Rev Proteomics 2021; 18:557-569. [PMID: 34320328 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2021.1962301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Main problems of kidney stone disease are its increasing prevalence and high recurrence rate after calculi removal in almost all areas around the globe. Despite enormous efforts in the past, its pathogenic mechanisms remain unclear and need further elucidations. Proteomics has thus become an essential tool to unravel such sophisticated disease mechanisms at cellular, subcellular, molecular, tissue, and whole organism levels. AREAS COVERED This review provides abrief overview of kidney stone disease followed by updates on proteomics for investigating urinary stone modulators, matrix proteins, cellular responses to different types/doses of calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals, sex hormones and other stimuli, crystal-cell interactions, crystal receptors, secretome, and extracellular vesicles (EVs), all of which lead to better understanding of the disease mechanisms. Finally, the future challenges and translation of these obtained data to the clinic are discussed. EXPERT OPINION Knowledge from urinary proteomics for exploring the important stone modulators (either inhibitors or promoters) will be helpful for early detection of asymptomatic cases for prompt prevention of symptoms, complications, and new stone formation. Moreover, these modulators may serve as the new therapeutic targets in the future for successful treatment and prevention of kidney stone disease by medications or other means of intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paleerath Peerapen
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Visith Thongboonkerd
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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