Chronic kidney disease and its health-related factors: a case-control study

Prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease and Associated Factors among the Diabetic and Prediabetic Population in the Bandare-Kong Cohort Study; A Population-Based Study

BACKGROUND

This investigation aims to examine the relationship between diabetes and prediabetes with chronic kidney disease (CKD) while taking into account key risk factors such as gender, age, lifestyle, smoking habits, and blood pressure.

METHODS

Between November 17, 2016, and November 22, 2018, 4063 subjects aged 35 to 70 years were enrolled in the first phase of the Bandare-Kong Non-Communicable Disease (BKNCD) Cohort Study, which is part of the PERSIAN (Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies in IrAN) cohort and was conducted in a coastal region of the Hormozgan province in southern Iran. CKD was calculated using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) formula based on glomerular filtration rate (GFR)<60 mL/min per 1.73 m2 , or albumin/Cr>30 mg/g in random urine, self-reported kidney failure, or dialysis. Urine albumin and creatinine were determined by standard kits (Pars Azmoon, Tehran, Iran) and the BT1500 automatic chemistry analyzer (Biotecnica Instruments, Rome, Italy).

RESULTS

The prevalence of CKD was found to be 15.3%, with 29.6% identified in diabetic individuals and 16.5% in prediabetic patients. So, the prevalence of CKD in diabetics was higher than prediabetics and normal people. Increased age, dysglycemia (diabetes or prediabetes), hypertension, and use of angiotensin receptor blockers were markedly associated with an elevated risk of CKD in adults.

CONCLUSION

The study emphasizes the importance of early detection and management of CKD risk factors, particularly among high-risk individuals, to mitigate CKD progression and associated complications. By addressing modifiable risk factors, proactive screening, and enhanced awareness, significant strides can be made in reducing CKD burden and improving patient outcomes.

Realtime monitoring of thrombus formation in vivo using a self-reporting vascular access graft

BACKGROUND

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects 10% of the global population costing over a hundred billion dollars per annum and leading to increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Many patients with CKD require regular haemodialyses. Synthetic arteriovenous grafts (AVG) are increasingly used to provide rapid vascular connection for dialysis. Initially, they have excellent patency rates but are critically limited by neointimal hyperplasia at the venous anastomosis, which drives subsequent thrombosis, graft failure and death.

METHODS

Here, we describe a system in which electrical impedance spectroscopy sensors are incorporated circumferentially into the wall of a synthetic arteriovenous graft. This is combined with an implantable radiotelemetry system for data transmission outside the patient. The system was tested using monolayers of endothelial and smooth muscle cells as well as swine blood and clots with explanted human carotid artery plaques. Sensor testing was then performed in vitro and the device was implanted in vivo in female swine.

RESULTS

The device can wirelessly report the accumulation of biological material, both cells and blood. Differences are also detected when comparing controls with pathological atheroma. In swine differences between blockage formation in a graft were remotely obtained and wireless reported.

CONCLUSIONS

Combining electrical impedance spectroscopy and an implantable radiotelemetry system enables graft surveillance. This has the potential to be used for early detection of venous stenosis and blood clot formation in real-time in vivo. In principle, the concept could apply to other cardiovascular diseases and vascular implantable devices.

Spatial associations between chronic kidney disease and socio-economic factors in Thailand

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a persistent, progressive condition characterized by gradual decline of kidney functions leading to a range of health issues. This research used recent data from the Ministry of Public Health in Thailand and applied spatial regression and local indicators of spatial association (LISA) to examine the spatial associations with night-time light, Internet access and the local number of health personnel per population. Univariate Moran's I scatter plot for CKD in Thailand's provinces revealed a significant positive spatial autocorrelation with a value of 0.393. High-High (HH) CKD clusters were found to be predominantly located in the North, with Low-Low (LL) ones in the South. The LISA analysis identified one HH and one LL with regard to Internet access, 15 HH and five LL clusters related to night-time light and eight HH and five LL clusters associated with the number of health personnel in the area. Spatial regression unveiled significant and meaningful connections between various factors and CKD in Thailand. Night-time light displayed a positive association with CKD in both the spatial error model (SEM) and the spatial lag model (SLM), with coefficients of 3.356 and 2.999, respectively. Conversely, Internet access exhibited corresponding negative CKD associations with a SEM coefficient of - 0.035 and a SLM one of -0.039. Similarly, the health staff/population ratio also demonstrated negative associations with SEM and SLM, with coefficients of -0.033 and -0.068, respectively. SEM emerged as the most suitable spatial regression model with 54.8% according to R2. Also, the Akaike information criterion (AIC) test indicated a better performance for this model, resulting in 697.148 and 698.198 for SEM and SLM, respectively. These findings emphasize the complex interconnection between factors contributing to the prevalence of CKD in Thailand and suggest that socioeconomic and health service factors are significant contributing factors. Addressing this issue will necessitate concentrated efforts to enhance access to health services, especially in urban areas experiencing rapid economic growth.

The global survival rate of graft and patient in kidney transplantation of children: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background

This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis on published studies about the Global Survival Rate of Graft and Patients in the Kidney Transplantation of children.

Methods

Studies that investigated the survival rate of kidney transplants published until the 30th of December 2020 were selected using a systematic search strategy in the following databases: Medline, Embase, Scopus, ProQuest, ISI Web of Science, and Cochrane. The extracted data were entered into the Excel software and STATA 16.0. The search identified 6007 study references. From the total, we excluded 1348 duplicates, 3688 reference titles and abstracts that were deemed irrelevant, and 846 references that were not original articles (i.e., letter, commentary, review) or did not meet the inclusion criteria. As such, 89 studies involving 12,330 participants were included in this meta-analysis.

Results

In this study 1, 3, 5, 7 and 10-year survival rates of graft were estimated to be 92, 83, 74.40, 67.10, and 63.50%, respectively. Also, 1, 3, 5, 7 and 10-year survival rates of patients were estimated to be 99.60, 97.30, 95.20, 74.60, and 97.90%, respectively.

Conclusions

The findings suggest differences in graft and patient survival among children with kidney transplants. Although differences in ethnic origin, incompatibility with deceased donor kidneys, and types of kidney disease are unavoidable, interventions to improve preventive and living-donor transplantation are particularly needed in minority groups. In addition, more research is needed to establish and address the contribution of medical and sociocultural barriers to preferential treatment of these groups.

Supplementary Information

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12887-022-03545-2.