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Darvishzadeh Mahani F, Raji-Amirhasani A, Khaksari M, Mousavi MS, Bashiri H, Hajializadeh Z, Alavi SS. Caloric and time restriction diets improve acute kidney injury in experimental menopausal rats: role of silent information regulator 2 homolog 1 and transforming growth factor beta 1. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:812. [PMID: 39007943 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09716-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Estrogen has a protective impact on acute kidney injury (AKI); moreover, reducing the daily intake of calories impedes developing diseases. The present study aimed to determine the effects of calorie restriction (CR) and time restriction (TR) diets on the expression of silent information regulator 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1), transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), and other indicators in the presence and absence of ovaries in AKI female rats. METHODS The female rats were divided into two groups, ovariectomized (OVX) and sham, and were placed on CR and TR diets for eight weeks; afterward, AKI was induced by injecting glycerol, and kidney injury indicators and biochemical parameters were measured before and after AKI. RESULTS After AKI, the levels of urine albumin excretion rate, urea, and creatinine in serum, and TGF-β1 increased, while creatinine clearance and SIRT1 decreased in kidney tissue. CR improved kidney indicators and caused a reduction in TGF-β1 and an increase in SIRT1 in ovary-intact rats. Moreover, CR prevented total antioxidant capacity (TAC) decrease and malondialdehyde (MDA) increase resulting from AKI. Before AKI, an increase in body weight, fasting blood sugar (FBS), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglyceride (TG), and total cholesterol (TC), and a decrease in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were observed in OVX rats compared to sham rats, but CR prevented these changes. The effects of TR were similar to those of CR in all indicators except for TGF-β1, SIRT1, urea, creatinine, and albumin. CONCLUSION The present study indicated that CR is more effective than TR in preventing AKI, probably by increasing SIRT1 and decreasing TGF-β1 in ovary-intact animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Darvishzadeh Mahani
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Alireza Raji-Amirhasani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Kerman University of Medical SciencesKerman, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Khaksari
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Kerman University of Medical SciencesKerman, Kerman, Iran.
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
- Physiology Research Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, 22 Bahman Blvd, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Maryam Sadat Mousavi
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Shafa Hospital, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hamideh Bashiri
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Zahra Hajializadeh
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Samaneh Sadat Alavi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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Khaksari M, Shahryari M, Raji-Amirhasani A, Soltani Z, Bibak B, Keshavarzi Z, Shakeri F. Aloe vera Leaf Extract Reduced BBB Permeability and Improved Neurological Results after Traumatic Brain Injury: The Role of Oxidative Stress. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2024; 2024:5586814. [PMID: 39040520 PMCID: PMC11262876 DOI: 10.1155/2024/5586814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Recognizing the importance of medicinal plants and the absence of specific medications for traumatic brain injury (TBI) treatment, this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of an aqueous extract of Aloe vera on oxidative stress, blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, and neurological scores following TBI. Materials and Methods Adult male rats were categorized into five groups: sham, TBI, vehicle, low-dose Aloe vera (LA), and high-dose Aloe vera (HA). We induced diffuse TBI using the Marmaro model and administered the aqueous Aloe vera leaf extract, as well as vehicle, via intraperitoneal injection half an hour after TBI. Neurological outcomes were assessed both before and several hours after TBI. Additionally, oxidative stress factors were measured 24 hr after TBI, and Evans blue content (a BBB permeability index) was determined 5 hr after TBI in both serum and brain. Results Both LA and HA reduced the increase in BBB permeability after TBI, with HA having a more pronounced effect than LA. Both Aloe vera doses decreased brain MDA levels, increased brain TAC, and lowered both serum and brain PC levels. The impact of Aloe vera on brain oxidative parameters was more significant than on serum. HA also counteracted the declining effects of TBI on neurological outcomes at 4 and 24 hr post-TBI. Conclusion This study suggests that Aloe vera extract may reduce BBB permeability and improve neurological outcomes after TBI by decreasing oxidative factors and increasing antioxidant factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Khaksari
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research CenterKerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyAfzalipour Faculty of MedicineKerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Marzieh Shahryari
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research CenterKerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of PhysiologyNeuroscience Research CenterMedical FacultyGolestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Alireza Raji-Amirhasani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research CenterKerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyAfzalipour Faculty of MedicineKerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Zahra Soltani
- Physiology Research CenterInstitute of NeuropharmacologyKerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Bahram Bibak
- Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research CenterNorth Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologySchool of MedicineNorth Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Zakieh Keshavarzi
- Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research CenterNorth Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Shakeri
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologySchool of MedicineNorth Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
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Jang KW, Kim YS, Kim MJ, Kim SR, Lee DW, Lee SB, Kim IY. Time-restricted feeding protects against cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury in mice. Kidney Res Clin Pract 2024; 43:444-456. [PMID: 38934035 PMCID: PMC11237335 DOI: 10.23876/j.krcp.23.351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Time-restricted feeding (TRF), devoid of calorie restriction, is acknowledged for promoting metabolic health and mitigating various chronic metabolic diseases. While TRF exhibits widespread benefits across multiple tissues, there is limited exploration into its impact on kidney function. In this study, our aim was to investigate the potential ameliorative effects of TRF on kidney damage in a mouse model of cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury (AKI). METHODS Cisplatin-induced AKI was induced through intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin into C57BL/6 male mice. Mice undergoing TRF were provided unrestricted access to standard chow daily but were confined to an 8-hour feeding window during the dark cycle for 2 weeks before cisplatin injection. The mice were categorized into four groups: control, TRF, cisplatin, and TRF + cisplatin. RESULTS The tubular damage score and serum creatinine levels were significantly lower in the TRF + cisplatin group compared to the cisplatin group. The TRF + cisplatin group exhibited reduced expression of phosphorylated nuclear factor kappa B, inflammatory cytokines, and F4/80-positive macrophages compared to the cisplatin group. Furthermore, oxidative stress markers for DNA, protein, and lipid were markedly decreased in the TRF + cisplatin group compared to the cisplatin group. TUNEL-positive tubular cells, cleaved caspase-3 expression, and the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in the TRF + cisplatin group were lower than those in the cisplatin group. CONCLUSION TRF, without calorie restriction, effectively mitigated kidney damage by suppressing inflammatory reactions, oxidative stress, and tubular apoptosis in a mouse model of cisplatin-induced AKI. TRF holds promise as a novel dietary intervention for preventing cisplatin-induced AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Won Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Suk Kim
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jeong Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Rin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Won Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Bong Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Young Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
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Rejeki PS, Pranoto A, Widiatmaja DM, Utami DM, Izzatunnisa N, Sugiharto, Lesmana R, Halim S. Combined Aerobic Exercise with Intermittent Fasting Is Effective for Reducing mTOR and Bcl-2 Levels in Obese Females. Sports (Basel) 2024; 12:116. [PMID: 38786985 PMCID: PMC11126026 DOI: 10.3390/sports12050116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The integration of combined aerobic exercise and intermittent fasting (IF) has emerged as a strategy for the prevention and management of obesity, including its associated health issues such as age-related metabolic diseases. This study aimed to examine the potential of combined aerobic exercise and IF as a preventative strategy against cellular senescence by targeting mTOR and Bcl-2 levels in obese females. A total of 30 obese women, aged 23.56 ± 1.83 years, body fat percentage (FAT) 45.21 ± 3.73% (very high category), BMI 30.09 ± 3.74 kg/m2 were recruited and participated in three different types of interventions: intermittent fasting (IF), exercise (EXG), and a combination of intermittent fasting and exercise (IFEXG). The intervention program was carried out 5x/week for 2 weeks. We examined mTOR and Bcl-2 levels using ELISA kits. Statistical analysis used the one-way ANOVA test and continued with Tukey's HSD post hoc test, with a significance level of 5%. The study results showed that a combination of aerobic exercise and IF significantly decreased mTOR levels (-1.26 ± 0.79 ng/mL) compared to the control group (-0.08 ± 1.33 ng/mL; p ≤ 0.05). However, combined aerobic exercise and IF did not affect Bcl-2 levels significantly (-0.07 ± 0.09 ng/mL) compared to the control group (0.01 ± 0.17 ng/mL, p ≥ 0.05). The IF-only group, exercise-only group, and combined group all showed a significant decrease in body weight and fat mass compared to the control group (p ≤ 0.05). However, the combined aerobic exercise and IF program had a significant effect in reducing the total percentage of body fat and fat mass compared to the IF-only group (p ≤ 0.05). Therefore, it was concluded that the combined intermittent fasting and exercise group (IFEXG) undertook the most effective intervention of the three in terms of preventing cellular senescence, as demonstrated by decreases in the mTOR level, body weight, and fat mass. However, the IFEXG did not present reduced Bcl-2 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purwo Sri Rejeki
- Physiology Division, Department of Medical Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60132, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Adi Pranoto
- Doctoral Program of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60132, East Java, Indonesia;
| | - Deandra Maharani Widiatmaja
- Medical Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60132, East Java, Indonesia; (D.M.W.); (D.M.U.); (N.I.)
| | - Dita Mega Utami
- Medical Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60132, East Java, Indonesia; (D.M.W.); (D.M.U.); (N.I.)
| | - Nabilah Izzatunnisa
- Medical Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60132, East Java, Indonesia; (D.M.W.); (D.M.U.); (N.I.)
| | - Sugiharto
- Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Sport Science, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang 65145, East Java, Indonesia;
| | - Ronny Lesmana
- Physiology Division, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjajaran, Bandung 45363, West Java, Indonesia;
| | - Shariff Halim
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University Technology MARA (UiTM) Pulau Pinang, Bertam Campus, Kepala Batas 13200, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia;
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Lu CF, Cang XM, Liu WS, Wang LH, Huang HY, Wang XQ, Zhao LH, Xu F. A late eating midpoint is associated with increased risk of diabetic kidney disease: a cross-sectional study based on NHANES 2013-2020. Nutr J 2024; 23:39. [PMID: 38520010 PMCID: PMC10960429 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-024-00939-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Modifying diet is crucial for diabetes and complication management. Numerous studies have shown that adjusting eating habits to align with the circadian rhythm may positively affect metabolic health. However, eating midpoint, eating duration, and their associations with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) are poorly understood. METHODS The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013-2020) was examined for information on diabetes and dietary habits. From the beginning and ending times of each meal, we calculated the eating midpoint and eating duration. Urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) ≥ 30 mg/g and/or estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 were the specific diagnostic criteria for DKD. RESULTS In total, details of 2194 subjects with diabetes were collected for analysis. The overall population were divided into four subgroups based on the eating midpoint quartiles. The prevalence of DKD varied noticeably (P = 0.037) across the four categories. When comparing subjects in the second and fourth quartiles of eating midpoint to those in the first one, the odds ratios (ORs) of DKD were 1.31 (95% CI, 1.03 to 1.67) and 1.33 (95% CI, 1.05 to 1.70), respectively. And after controlling for potential confounders, the corresponding ORs of DKD in the second and fourth quartiles were 1.42 (95% CI, 1.07 to 1.90) and 1.39 (95% CI, 1.04 to 1.85), respectively. CONCLUSIONS A strong correlation was found between an earlier eating midpoint and a reduced incidence of DKD. Eating early in the day may potentially improve renal outcomes in patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Feng Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University and First People's Hospital of Nantong City, No. 666 Shengli Road, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Xiao-Min Cang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University and First People's Hospital of Nantong City, No. 666 Shengli Road, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Wang-Shu Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University and First People's Hospital of Nantong City, No. 666 Shengli Road, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Li-Hua Wang
- Department of Nursing, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University and First People's Hospital of Nantong City, No. 666 Shengli Road, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Hai-Yan Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University and First People's Hospital of Nantong City, No. 666 Shengli Road, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Xue-Qin Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University and First People's Hospital of Nantong City, No. 666 Shengli Road, Nantong, 226001, China.
| | - Li-Hua Zhao
- Department of Nursing, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University and First People's Hospital of Nantong City, No. 666 Shengli Road, Nantong, 226001, China.
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University and First People's Hospital of Nantong City, No. 666 Shengli Road, Nantong, 226001, China.
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Noroozi F, Asle-Rousta M, Amini R, Sahraeian Z. Alpha-pinene alleviates CCl 4-induced renal and testicular injury in rats by targeting oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2024; 27:678-684. [PMID: 38645490 PMCID: PMC11024401 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2024.73116.15890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Objectives Renal and testicular disorders are primarily associated with oxidative damage and inflammation. Here, alpha-pinene (a type of monoterpene) was investigated for its effect on oxidative/nitrosative stress and the expression of inflammatory and apoptotic factors in the kidneys and testes of rats treated with CCl4. Materials and Methods CCl4 was injected intraperitoneally (IP) at a dose of 2 ml/kg (twice a week for six weeks). Alpha-pinene (50 mg/kg/day, IP) was also treated during the same period. Results CCl4 increased the level of malondialdehyde (P<0.01 in the kidney and P<0.001 in the testis) and nitric oxide (P<0.001 in the kidney and P<0.01 in the testis) and decreased the levels of glutathione (P<0.05) in the kidneys and testicles of rats. CCl4 also reduced the catalase enzyme activity in the kidneys (P<0.05) but did not affect its activity in the testis. In addition, CCl4 enhanced the mRNA expression of TNF-α (P<0.01), nuclear factor-κB (P<0.05), and Bax (P<0.05 in the kidney and P<0.01 in the testis) and decreased the expression of Bcl-2 (P<0.05) in both organs. Alpha-pinene prevented all the mentioned changes, but it did not influence the expression of Bcl-2 in the kidneys of rats receiving CCl4. Conclusion Alpha-pinene may have the potential to prevent renal and testicular diseases by strengthening the antioxidant system in the kidneys and testis, and inhibiting oxidative/nitrosative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis caused by CCl4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Noroozi
- Department of Physiology, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran
| | | | - Rahim Amini
- Department of Biology, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Zeinab Sahraeian
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran
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Hajializadeh Z, Khaksari M. Cardioprotective effects of calorie restriction against inflammation and apoptosis in ovariectomized obese rats: Role of classical estrogen receptors and SIRT1. Obes Res Clin Pract 2023; 17:492-498. [PMID: 38071166 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2023.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
AIM Obesity is a metabolic complication linked with bad eating habits and a sedentary lifestyle, and the heart is one of the target organs damaged by it. Estrogen deficiency during menopause worsens the situation. Calorie restriction (CR) can contribute to reducing cardiovascular disease (CVD) in postmenopausal conditions. Thus, the effects of CR on inflammation and apoptosis in ovariectomized rats' hearts with obesity were studied. METHOD Female Wistar rats were categorized into Sham and OVX (ovariectomized) groups and received a standard diet (SD) or high-fat diet (60%HFD) or calorie restriction (30% CR) for 16 weeks. The real-time PCR method was used to evaluate the inflammatory markers and estrogen receptors gene expression. Western-blot and ELISA methods were respectively used for the measurement of apoptosis and SIRT1 protein expression. RESULTS HFD led to the elevation of body weight, IL-6 (interleukin-6) and TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-α) and reduction of IL-10 (interleukin-10) gene expressions, and also an increment in protein levels of cleaved caspase-3, Bax and Bax/Bcl2 ratio and decrement in Bcl-2 in OVX rats (P < 0.001). Additionally, HFD reduced SIRT1 (sirtuin1) protein levels, ERα (estrogen receptor α), and ERβ (estrogen receptor β) gene expressions (P < 0.001). In contrast, CR declined body weight, IL-6 and TNF-α (P < 0.001), increased IL-10 expressions (P < 0.05), decreased cleaved caspase-3 (P < 0.001), Bax (P < 0.01), and Bax/Bcl2 ratio (P < 0.05), enhanced Bcl-2 (P < 0.001), increased SIRT1 (P < 0.05) and ERα (P < 0.001) and ERβ (P < 0.01) expressions. CONCLUSION CR through the SIRT1 regulation and estrogen receptors attenuate obesity-induced-cardiac inflammation and apoptosis. CR can be a cardioprotective candidate in postmenopausal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Hajializadeh
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Khaksari
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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Altintas F, Tunc-Ata M, Secme M, Kucukatay V. The anticancer effects of thymol on HepG2 cell line. Med Oncol 2023; 40:260. [PMID: 37542527 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02134-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
There is an increasing incidence of liver cancer, which is a hazard for global health. The present study was designed to evaluate possible cytotoxic, genotoxic, apoptotic, oxidant and antioxidant effects of thymol on hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cell line. The cytotoxic effect of thymol on HepG2 cell line was determined by XTT test. We also used the HUVEC cell line to show whether thymol damages healthy cells. Oxidative stress level was determined with Total Oxidant Status (TOS) and Total Antioxidant Status (TAS) measurement kits. Apoptosis of cells was detected in flow cytometry with Annexin V apoptosis kit. Apoptotic gene expressions were analyzed by real-time PCR. Genotoxicity was determined by comet assay, which measures DNA damage. The thymol IC50 dose was found to be 11 μM on HepG2 cell line. This dose had no lethal effect on the healthy HUVEC cell line. While thymol significantly decreased the TOS level, it increased the TAS level significantly in HepG2 cells compared to control. Thymol significantly induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells (apoptosis rate in control group 1%, in thymol group 21%). Thymol did not alter the gene expressions of bax, bcl-2, and casp3, all of which are associated with apoptosis. Statistically significant change in favor of genotoxicity was observed in tail length measurements. Our results suggest that thymol decreases oxidative stress in HepG2 cell line, but it induces apoptosis and genotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Altintas
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, 20160, Denizli, Turkey.
| | - Melek Tunc-Ata
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, 20160, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Mucahit Secme
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
| | - Vural Kucukatay
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, 20160, Denizli, Turkey
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