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Chu ECP, Bellin D. Remission of myasthenia gravis following cervical adjustment. AME Case Rep 2019; 3:9. [PMID: 31119210 PMCID: PMC6509433 DOI: 10.21037/acr.2019.04.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disorder, caused by circulating antibodies against the acetylcholine receptor (AChR) and associated proteins. Anticholinesterase medications and immunomodulating therapies are the mainstays of current treatment. Presented here is a case of a 51-year-old female who had been diagnosed with MG based on symptoms and continued elevation of antibody to AChR (anti-AChR) by her family physician. The patient's anticholinesterase medication was halted due to significant side effects affecting bowel function. She only received acupuncture treatment in the past 4 months prior to this presentation. Myasthenic symptoms deteriorated and the anti-AChR titer kept elevating after stopping medication. She originally came to us due to neck and back pain rather than myasthenic complaints. This case is interesting that her back pain and myasthenic symptoms went into complete remission within 1 month of initiating chiropractic adjustment. The concomitant recession of the myasthenic symptoms raises considerable interest for the mystery of MG, including the causal link between stress and autoimmune disease, the role of ACh in immune regulation, and the possible mechanisms of disease amelioration. Further studies would shed more light on the efficacy of various modalities in treating MG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Chun Pu Chu
- New York Chiropractic and Physiotherapy Centre, New York Medical Group, Hong Kong, China
| | - David Bellin
- New York Chiropractic and Physiotherapy Centre, New York Medical Group, Hong Kong, China
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Wu DM, Wen X, Han XR, Wang S, Wang YJ, Shen M, Fan SH, Zhuang J, Zhang ZF, Shan Q, Li MQ, Hu B, Sun CH, Lu J, Zheng YL. Micro-RNA-143 inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis of thymocytes by targeting CXCL13 in a myasthenia gravis mouse model. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2019; 316:C70-C80. [PMID: 30404560 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00090.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune neuromuscular disorder, affecting the quality of life of millions of people worldwide. The present study aims to determine the relationship between micro-RNA-143 (miR-143) and C-X-C motif chemokine 13 (CXCL13) and whether it influences the pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis (MG). Thymus specimens were resected from patients with thymic hyperplasia combined with MG and then infused into normal mouse cavities to establish MG mouse models. Immunohistochemistry, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, in situ hybridization detection, and Western blot analysis were employed to identify the expression of miR-143 and CXCL13 in MG and normal mice. The obtained thymocytes were cultured in vitro and transfected with a series of miR-143 mimic, miR-143 inhibitor, overexpression of CXCL13, or siRNA against CXCL13. MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] and flow cytometry assays were employed to assess cell viability, cycle entry, and apoptosis of the thymocytes. Dual-luciferase reporter assay provided verification, confirming that CXCL13 was the target gene of miR-143. Low miR-143 expression in the thymus tissues of the MG mice was detected, which presented with a reciprocal relationship with the expression rate of CLCX13. Observations in relation to the interactions between miR-143 mimic or siRNA-CXCL13 exposure showed reduced cell viability, with a greater number of cells arrested at the G0/G1 phase and a greater rate of induced apoptosis. Furthermore, overexpression of CXCL13 rescued miR-143 mimic-induced apoptosis. The findings have identified the potential role of miR-143 as a MG development mediator by targeting CXCL13. The key results obtained provide a promising experimental basis for targeted intervention treatment with miR-143.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Mei Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University , Xuzhou , People's Republic of China
- College of Health Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University , Xuzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wen
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University , Xuzhou , People's Republic of China
- College of Health Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University , Xuzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Rui Han
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University , Xuzhou , People's Republic of China
- College of Health Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University , Xuzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University , Xuzhou , People's Republic of China
- College of Health Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University , Xuzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University , Xuzhou , People's Republic of China
- College of Health Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University , Xuzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Min Shen
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University , Xuzhou , People's Republic of China
- College of Health Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University , Xuzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Shao-Hua Fan
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University , Xuzhou , People's Republic of China
- College of Health Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University , Xuzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Zhuang
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University , Xuzhou , People's Republic of China
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology , Xuzhou , People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University , Xuzhou , People's Republic of China
- College of Health Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University , Xuzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Qun Shan
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University , Xuzhou , People's Republic of China
- College of Health Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University , Xuzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Qiu Li
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University , Xuzhou , People's Republic of China
- College of Health Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University , Xuzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Hu
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University , Xuzhou , People's Republic of China
- College of Health Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University , Xuzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Hui Sun
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University , Xuzhou , People's Republic of China
- College of Health Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University , Xuzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Lu
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University , Xuzhou , People's Republic of China
- College of Health Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University , Xuzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Lin Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University , Xuzhou , People's Republic of China
- College of Health Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University , Xuzhou , People's Republic of China
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Han B, Li X, Hao J. The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway: An innovative treatment strategy for neurological diseases. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 77:358-368. [PMID: 28392244 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Acetylcholine (ACh), as a classical neurotransmitter, regulates the neuronal network in response to internal and external stimuli. In recent decades, the biology of ACh has been endowed with unparalleled new insights, especially with respect to cholinergic anti-inflammatory properties in non-neuronal cells. In fact, a mechanism frequently referred to as the "cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway" has been termed to describe interactions between the central nervous system (CNS) and the immune system via vagus nerve. As well documented, immune cells express choline acetyltransferase, a direct synthetase for ACh, and other corresponding cholinergic components. Alternatively, the ACh released from immune cells or cholinergic neurons modulates immune function in an autocrine/paracrine manner by acting on its receptors. Moreover, muscarinic or nicotinic ACh receptors on various immune cells and CNS glial cells administer the work of their respective agonists, causing functional and biochemical changes. In this review, we focus on the anti-inflammatory benefits of non-neuronal and neuronal ACh as a means of providing new insights into treating inflammation-related neurological diseases, as exemplified by those described herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Han
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China.
| | - Xiuping Li
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China.
| | - Junwei Hao
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China.
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