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Alhadidi QM, Bahader GA, Arvola O, Kitchen P, Shah ZA, Salman MM. Astrocytes in functional recovery following central nervous system injuries. J Physiol 2024; 602:3069-3096. [PMID: 37702572 DOI: 10.1113/jp284197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are increasingly recognised as partaking in complex homeostatic mechanisms critical for regulating neuronal plasticity following central nervous system (CNS) insults. Ischaemic stroke and traumatic brain injury are associated with high rates of disability and mortality. Depending on the context and type of injury, reactive astrocytes respond with diverse morphological, proliferative and functional changes collectively known as astrogliosis, which results in both pathogenic and protective effects. There is a large body of research on the negative consequences of astrogliosis following brain injuries. There is also growing interest in how astrogliosis might in some contexts be protective and help to limit the spread of the injury. However, little is known about how astrocytes contribute to the chronic functional recovery phase following traumatic and ischaemic brain insults. In this review, we explore the protective functions of astrocytes in various aspects of secondary brain injury such as oedema, inflammation and blood-brain barrier dysfunction. We also discuss the current knowledge on astrocyte contribution to tissue regeneration, including angiogenesis, neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, dendrogenesis and axogenesis. Finally, we discuss diverse astrocyte-related factors that, if selectively targeted, could form the basis of astrocyte-targeted therapeutic strategies to better address currently untreatable CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qasim M Alhadidi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pharmacy, Al-Yarmok University College, Diyala, Iraq
| | - Ghaith A Bahader
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Oiva Arvola
- Division of Anaesthesiology, Jorvi Hospital, Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Philip Kitchen
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Zahoor A Shah
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Mootaz M Salman
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Kavli Institute for NanoScience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Wang S, Xie S, Zheng Q, Zhang Z, Wang T, Zhang G. Biofluid biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1380237. [PMID: 38659704 PMCID: PMC11039951 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1380237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disease, with a complex pathogenesis and an irreversible course. Therefore, the early diagnosis of AD is particularly important for the intervention, prevention, and treatment of the disease. Based on the different pathophysiological mechanisms of AD, the research progress of biofluid biomarkers are classified and reviewed. In the end, the challenges and perspectives of future research are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sensen Wang
- Shandong Yinfeng Academy of Life Science, Jinan, Shandong, China
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Sitan Xie
- Shandong Yinfeng Academy of Life Science, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qinpin Zheng
- Shandong Yinfeng Academy of Life Science, Jinan, Shandong, China
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Zhihui Zhang
- Shandong Yinfeng Academy of Life Science, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Tian Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Guirong Zhang
- Shandong Yinfeng Academy of Life Science, Jinan, Shandong, China
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, China
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3
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Li D, Sun Y, Ding L, Fu Y, Zhou J, Yu JT, Tan L. Associations of Growth-Associated Protein 43 with Cerebral Microbleeds: A Longitudinal Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 97:1913-1922. [PMID: 38339928 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Background Cerebral microbleeds (CMB) play an important role in neurodegenerative pathology. Objective The present study aims to test whether cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) growth-associated protein 43 (GAP-43) level is linked to CMBs in elderly people. Methods A total of 750 participants from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) who had measurements of GAP-43 and CMBs were included in the study. According to the presence and extent of CMBs, participants were stratified into different groups. Regression analyses were used to assess cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between GAP-43 and CMBs. Results Participants with CMB were slightly older and had higher concentrations of CSF GAP43. In multivariable adjusted analyses for age, gender, APOEɛ4 status, and cognitive diagnoses, higher CSF GAP-43 concentrations were modestly associated with CMB presence (OR = 1.169, 95% CI = 1.001-1.365) and number (β= 0.020, SE = 0.009, p = 0.027). Similarly, higher CSF GAP43 concentrations were accrual of CMB lesions, associated with higher CMB progression (OR = 1.231, 95% CI = 1.044-1.448) and number (β= 0.017, SE = 0.005, p = 0.001) in the follow up scan. In stratified analyses, slightly stronger associations were noted in male participants, those 65 years and older, carriers of APOEɛ4 alleles, and with more advanced cognitive disorders. Conclusions CSF GAP-43 was cross-sectionally associated with the presence and extent of CMBs. GAP-43 might be used as a biomarker to track the dynamic changes of CMBs in elderly persons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Li
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lin Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rizhao People's Hospital, Rizhao, China
| | - Yan Fu
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin-Tai Yu
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Zamanian MY, Soltani A, Khodarahmi Z, Alameri AA, Alwan AMR, Ramírez-Coronel AA, Obaid RF, Abosaooda M, Heidari M, Golmohammadi M, Anoush M. Targeting Nrf2 signaling pathway by quercetin in the prevention and treatment of neurological disorders: An overview and update on new developments. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2023; 37:1050-1064. [PMID: 37259891 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurological disorders (NLDs) are widely acknowledged as a significant public health concern worldwide. Stroke, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and traumatic brain injury (TBI) are three of these disorders that have sparked major study attention. Neurological dysfunction, protein buildup, oxidation and neuronal injury, and aberrant mitochondria are all prevalent neuropathological hallmarks of these disorders. The signaling cascade of nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) shares all of them as a common target. Several studies have found that overexpression of Nrf2 is a promising treatment method in NLDs. Effective treatment of these disorders continues to be a universal concern regardless of various medicines. In order to treat a variety of neurological problems, organic remedies may provide an alternative treatment. It has been demonstrated that polyphenols like quercetin (Que) offer considerable capabilities for treating NLDs. One of Que's greatest key targets, Nrf2, has the capacity to control the production of a number of cytoprotective enzymes that exhibit neuroprotective, detoxifying, and antioxidative effects. Additionally, Que enhanced the expression of Nrf2 and inhibited alterations in the shape and death of neurons in the hippocampus. OBJECTIVE In this review, we have focused on Que's medicinal prospects as a neuroprotective drug. METHODS PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Google Scholar were used to search articles for this study. RESULTS The findings of this research demonstrate that (1) Que protected the blood-brain barrier via stimulating Nrf2 in animal stroke, which alleviated ischemic reperfusion and motor dysfunction. (2) By triggering the Nrf2 pathway, Que reduced the neuroinflammation and oxidative damage brought on by TBI in the cortex. (3) In an experimental model of AD, Que enhanced cognitive function by decreasing A1-4, antioxidant activity, and Nrf2 levels in the brain. CONCLUSION We discuss recent research on Que-mediated Nrf2 expression in the management of several NLDs in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Yasin Zamanian
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Afsaneh Soltani
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Khodarahmi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | | | - Athemar M R Alwan
- Department of Radiological Techniques, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Iraq
| | - Andrés Alexis Ramírez-Coronel
- Azogues Campus Nursing Career, Health and Behavior Research Group (HBR), Psychometry and Ethology Laboratory, Catholic University of Cuenca, Cuenca, Ecuador
- Doctorate in Psychology, University of Palermo, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Research Group, CES University, Medellín, Colombia
| | | | - Munther Abosaooda
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Research Group, CES University, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Mahsa Heidari
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Golmohammadi
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Anoush
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
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Lu D, Wu JP, Yang QW, Wang HY, Yang JJ, Zhang GG, Wang C, Yang YL, Zhu L, Sun XZ. Recent advances in lipid nanovesicles for targeted treatment of spinal cord injury. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1261288. [PMID: 37691909 PMCID: PMC10486273 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1261288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The effective regeneration and functional restoration of damaged spinal cord tissue have been a long-standing concern in regenerative medicine. Treatment of spinal cord injury (SCI) is challenging due to the obstruction of the blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB), the lack of targeting of drugs, and the complex pathophysiology of injury sites. Lipid nanovesicles, including cell-derived nanovesicles and synthetic lipid nanovesicles, are highly biocompatible and can penetrate BSCB, and are therefore effective delivery systems for targeted treatment of SCI. We summarize the progress of lipid nanovesicles for the targeted treatment of SCI, discuss their advantages and challenges, and provide a perspective on the application of lipid nanovesicles for SCI treatment. Although most of the lipid nanovesicle-based therapy of SCI is still in preclinical studies, this low immunogenicity, low toxicity, and highly engineerable nanovesicles will hold great promise for future spinal cord injury treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Lu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nano-science and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jiu-Ping Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qi-Wei Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nano-science and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Hua-Yi Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nano-science and Technology, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun-Jie Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Gang-Gang Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chen Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nano-science and Technology, Beijing, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Lian Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nano-science and Technology, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nano-science and Technology, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Zhi Sun
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Naik A, Adeleye O, Koester SW, Winkler EA, Hartke JN, Karahalios K, Mihaljevic S, Rani A, Raikwar S, Rulney JD, Desai SM, Scherschinski L, Ducruet AF, Albuquerque FC, Lawton MT, Catapano JS, Jadhav AP, Jha RM. Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers for Diagnosis and the Prognostication of Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10902. [PMID: 37446092 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the high incidence and burden of stroke, biological biomarkers are not used routinely in clinical practice to diagnose, determine progression, or prognosticate outcomes of acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Because of its direct interface with neural tissue, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a potentially valuable source for biomarker development. This systematic review was conducted using three databases. All trials investigating clinical and preclinical models for CSF biomarkers for AIS diagnosis, prognostication, and severity grading were included, yielding 22 human trials and five animal studies for analysis. In total, 21 biomarkers and other multiomic proteomic markers were identified. S100B, inflammatory markers (including tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin 6), and free fatty acids were the most frequently studied biomarkers. The review showed that CSF is an effective medium for biomarker acquisition for AIS. Although CSF is not routinely clinically obtained, a potential benefit of CSF studies is identifying valuable biomarkers from the pathophysiologic microenvironment that ultimately inform optimization of targeted low-abundance assays from peripheral biofluid samples (e.g., plasma). Several important catabolic and anabolic markers can serve as effective measures of diagnosis, etiology identification, prognostication, and severity grading. Trials with large cohorts studying the efficacy of biomarkers in altering clinical management are still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anant Naik
- Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA
| | - Olufunmilola Adeleye
- Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA
| | - Stefan W Koester
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Ethan A Winkler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Joelle N Hartke
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Katherine Karahalios
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Sandra Mihaljevic
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Anupama Rani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Sudhanshu Raikwar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Jarrod D Rulney
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Shashvat M Desai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Lea Scherschinski
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Andrew F Ducruet
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Felipe C Albuquerque
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Michael T Lawton
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Joshua S Catapano
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Ashutosh P Jadhav
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Ruchira M Jha
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
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Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) characterization has progressed from being indexed using clinical symptomatology followed by neuropathological examination at autopsy to in vivo signatures using cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers and positron emission tomography. The core AD biomarkers reflect amyloid-β plaques (A), tau pathology (T) and neurodegeneration (N), following the ATN schedule, and are now being introduced into clinical routine practice. This is an important development, as disease-modifying treatments are now emerging. Further, there are now reproducible data on CSF biomarkers which reflect synaptic pathology, neuroinflammation and common co-pathologies. In addition, the development of ultrasensitive techniques has enabled the core CSF biomarkers of AD pathophysiology to be translated to blood (e.g., phosphorylated tau, amyloid-β and neurofilament light). In this chapter, we review where we stand with both core and novel CSF biomarkers, as well as the explosion of data on blood biomarkers. Also, we discuss potential applications in research aiming to better understand the disease, as well as possible use in routine clinical practice and therapeutic trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Simrén
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Anders Elmgren
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom; UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong, China
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Xiao L, Tang X, Hu X, Feng X, Gong R, Wang F, Zhang X. Serum Level of Growth-Associated Protein 43 Is Associated with First-Episode Schizophrenia Patients without Antipsychotic Drugs Treatment. COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 2022:4719271. [PMID: 35615548 PMCID: PMC9126667 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4719271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Nerve growth-associated protein 43 (GAP43) is closely related to neural development, axon regeneration, and synaptic reconstruction and is one of the important markers of neuronal damage. Therefore, in our study, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to analyze the serum level of GAP43 protein in schizophrenia patients (n = 188), healthy controls (n = 200), and bipolar disorder patients (n = 200). The positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) was used to evaluate the mental status of schizophrenia patients, and the Scale of Social Function in Psychosis Inpatients (SSPI) was used to evaluate the social function of schizophrenia patients. According to this study, we found the serum GAP43 level was significantly higher in schizophrenia patients than in bipolar disorder patients, while serum GAP43 levels in bipolar disorder patients were significantly higher than those in control group. When the cut-off value was set as 2.328 ng/mL, the area under the curve (AUC) of serum GAP43 was 0.7795 (95% CI: 0.7431-0.8158) for diagnosis of schizophrenia. The sensitivity and specificity were 92.02% and 65.25%, respectively. However, no correlation between serum GAP43 and the total scores of PANSS scale in schizophrenia patients as well as between serum GAP43 level and SSPI were observed. Therefore, we believe that GAP43 may be a potential diagnostic marker for schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libin Xiao
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanjing Qinglongshan Mental Hospital, Nanjing 211123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaowei Tang
- Affiliated WuTaiShan Hospital of Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiuxiu Hu
- The Second People's Hospital of Jiangning District, Nanjing 211103, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaotang Feng
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanjing Qinglongshan Mental Hospital, Nanjing 211123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ronglan Gong
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanjing Qinglongshan Mental Hospital, Nanjing 211123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fujun Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanjing Qinglongshan Mental Hospital, Nanjing 211123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiangrong Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
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Seyedaghamiri F, Hosseini L, Kazmi S, Mahmoudi J, Shanehbandi D, Ebrahimi-Kalan A, Rahbarghazi R, Sadigh-Eteghad S, Farhoudi M. Varenicline improves cognitive impairment in a mouse model of mPFC ischemia: The possible roles of inflammation, apoptosis, and synaptic factors. Brain Res Bull 2022; 181:36-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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10
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Satani N, Parsha K, Savitz SI. Enhancing Stroke Recovery With Cellular Therapies. Stroke 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-69424-7.00062-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Vahdat S, Pendharkar AV, Chiang T, Harvey S, Uchino H, Cao Z, Kim A, Choy M, Chen H, Lee HJ, Cheng MY, Lee JH, Steinberg GK. Brain-wide neural dynamics of poststroke recovery induced by optogenetic stimulation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabd9465. [PMID: 34380610 PMCID: PMC8357234 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abd9465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Poststroke optogenetic stimulations can promote functional recovery. However, the circuit mechanisms underlying recovery remain unclear. Elucidating key neural circuits involved in recovery will be invaluable for translating neuromodulation strategies after stroke. Here, we used optogenetic functional magnetic resonance imaging to map brain-wide neural circuit dynamics after stroke in mice treated with and without optogenetic excitatory neuronal stimulations in the ipsilesional primary motor cortex (iM1). We identified key sensorimotor circuits affected by stroke. iM1 stimulation treatment restored activation of the ipsilesional corticothalamic and corticocortical circuits, and the extent of activation was correlated with functional recovery. Furthermore, stimulated mice exhibited higher expression of axonal growth-associated protein 43 in the ipsilesional thalamus and showed increased Synaptophysin+/channelrhodopsin+ presynaptic axonal terminals in the corticothalamic circuit. Selective stimulation of the corticothalamic circuit was sufficient to improve functional recovery. Together, these findings suggest early involvement of corticothalamic circuit as an important mediator of poststroke recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahabeddin Vahdat
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Arjun Vivek Pendharkar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Terrance Chiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sean Harvey
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Haruto Uchino
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Zhijuan Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Anika Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - ManKin Choy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hansen Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hyun Joo Lee
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michelle Y Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jin Hyung Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Gary K Steinberg
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford, CA, USA
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Geng X, Wang Q, Lee H, Huber C, Wills M, Elkin K, Li F, Ji X, Ding Y. Remote Ischemic Postconditioning vs. Physical Exercise After Stroke: an Alternative Rehabilitation Strategy? Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:3141-3157. [PMID: 33625674 PMCID: PMC8257517 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02329-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
There remain debates on neuroprotection and rehabilitation techniques for acute ischemic stroke patients. Therapeutic physical exercise following stroke has shown promise but is challenging to apply clinically. Ischemic conditioning, which has several clinical advantages, is a potential neuroprotective method for stroke rehabilitation that is less understood. In the present study, the rehabilitative properties and mechanisms of physical exercise and remote ischemic postconditioning (RIPostC) after stroke were compared and determined. A total of 248 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups: (1) sham, (2) stroke, (3) stroke with intense treadmill exercise, (4) stroke with mild treadmill exercise, and (5) stroke with RIPostC. Focal ischemia was evaluated by infarct volume and neurological deficit. Long-term functional outcomes were represented through neurobehavioral function tests: adhesive removal, beam balance, forelimb placing, grid walk, rota-rod, and Morris water maze. To further understand the mechanisms underlying neurorehabilitation and verify the presence thereof, we measured mRNA and protein levels of neuroplasticity factors, synaptic proteins, angiogenesis factors, and regulation molecules, including HIF-1α, BDNF, TrkB, and CREB. The key role of HIF-1α was elucidated by using the inhibitor, YC-1. Both exercise intensities and RIPostC significantly decreased infarct volumes and neurological deficits and outperformed the stroke group in the neurobehavioral function tests. All treatment groups showed significant increases in mRNA and protein expression levels of the target molecules for neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, and angiogenesis, with intermittent further increases in the RIPostC group. HIF-1α inhibition nullified most beneficial effects and indicative molecule expressions, including HIF-1α, BDNF, TrkB, and CREB, in both procedures. RIPostC is equally, or superiorly, effective in inducing neuroprotection and rehabilitation compared to exercise in ischemic rats. HIF-1α likely plays an important role in the efficacy of neuroplasticity conditioning, possibly through HIF-1α/BDNF/TrkB/CREB regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokun Geng
- Department of Neurology and China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 101149, China
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Qingzhu Wang
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hangil Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Christian Huber
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Melissa Wills
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Kenneth Elkin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Fengwu Li
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xunming Ji
- Department of Neurology and China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 101149, China.
| | - Yuchuan Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Research & Development Center, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, MI, USA
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13
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Li L, Luo L, Chen T, Cao W, Xu X, Zhang Y, Yue P, Fan Y, Chen J, Liu M, Ma M, Tao L, Peng Y, Dong Y, Li B, Luo S, Kong J, Zhou G, Wen S, Liu A, Bao F. Proteomic Analysis of Rhesus Macaque Brain Explants Treated With Borrelia burgdorferi Identifies Host GAP-43 as a Potential Factor Associated With Lyme Neuroborreliosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:647662. [PMID: 34178719 PMCID: PMC8224226 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.647662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB) is one of the most dangerous manifestations of Lyme disease, but the pathogenesis and inflammatory mechanisms are not fully understood. Methods Cultured explants from the frontal cortex of rhesus monkey brain (n=3) were treated with live Borrelia burgdorferi (Bb) or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) for 6, 12, and 24 h. Total protein was collected for sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. In addition, changes in protein expression in the explants over time following Bb treatment were screened. Results We identified 1237 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs; fold change ≥1.5 or ≤0.67, P-value ≤0.05). One of these, growth-associated protein 43 (GAP-43), was highly expressed at all time points in the explants. The results of the protein-protein interaction network analysis of DEPs suggested that GAP-43 plays a role in the neuroinflammation associated with LNB. In HMC3 cells incubated with live Bb or PBS for 6, 12, and 24 h, real-time PCR and western blot analyses confirmed the increase of GAP-43 mRNA and protein, respectively. Conclusions Elevated GAP-43 expression is a potential marker for LNB that may be useful for diagnosis or treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianbao Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Lisha Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Taigui Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Wenjing Cao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Peng Yue
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yuxin Fan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jingjing Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Meixiao Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Mingbiao Ma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Lvyan Tao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yun Peng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yan Dong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Bingxue Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Suyi Luo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jing Kong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Guozhong Zhou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Shiyuan Wen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Aihua Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Province Key Laboratory of Children's Major Diseases Research, The Children's Hospital of Kunming/Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.,The Institute for Tropical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Demonstration Base of International Science and Technology Cooperation for Tropical Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Fukai Bao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Province Key Laboratory of Children's Major Diseases Research, The Children's Hospital of Kunming/Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.,The Institute for Tropical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Demonstration Base of International Science and Technology Cooperation for Tropical Diseases, Kunming, China
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14
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Guo L, Huang Z, Huang L, Liang J, Wang P, Zhao L, Shi Y. Surface-modified engineered exosomes attenuated cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by targeting the delivery of quercetin towards impaired neurons. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:141. [PMID: 34001136 PMCID: PMC8130330 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-00879-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of ischemic stroke in the context of vascular disease is high, and the expression of growth-associated protein-43 (GAP43) increases when neurons are damaged or stimulated, especially in a rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We bioengineered neuron-targeting exosomes (Exo) conjugated to a monoclonal antibody against GAP43 (mAb GAP43) to promote the targeted delivery of quercetin (Que) to ischemic neurons with high GAP43 expression and investigated the ability of Exo to treat cerebral ischemia by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS). RESULTS Our results suggested that Que loaded mAb GAP43 conjugated exosomes (Que/mAb GAP43-Exo) can specifically target damaged neurons through the interaction between Exo-delivered mAb GAP43 and GAP43 expressed in damaged neurons and improve survival of neurons by inhibiting ROS production through the activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. The brain infarct volume is smaller, and neurological recovery is more markedly improved following Que/mAb GAP43-Exo treatment than following free Que or Que-carrying exosome (Que-Exo) treatment in a rat induced by MCAO/R. CONCLUSIONS Que/mAb GAP43-Exo may serve a promising dual targeting and therapeutic drug delivery system for alleviating cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhixuan Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lijuan Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia Liang
- Life Science Institution, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Liang Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yijie Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000 People’s Republic of China
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15
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Effect of Allopregnanolone on Spatial Memory and Synaptic Proteins in Animal Model of Metabolic Syndrome. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11050644. [PMID: 34063474 PMCID: PMC8156862 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11050644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is considered a common disorder, especially with a sedentary lifestyle and unhealthy food consumption. Cognitive impairment is one of the MetS consequences that worsens the quality of life of the patients. The study aimed to assess the therapeutic effect of the neurosteroid Allopregnalonone on spatial memory and, therefore, the expression of two synaptic plasticity markers in the hippocampus. Thirty-two male rats were divided into four groups: control groups, MetS, and MetS + Allopregnalone. Spatial memory has been evaluated by the Y-maze task and blood pressure measured by the rat tail method. Biochemical evaluation of serum glucose, insulin, lipid profile, and hippocampal expression of Synaptophysin and Associated Protein 43 (GAP-43) were performed for assessing Allopregnanolone on serum and hippocampal markers. Allopregnanolone therapy improved working spatial memory, hypertension, and biochemical markers measured in the serum and hippocampus.
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16
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Bloniecki V, Zetterberg H, Aarsland D, Vannini P, Kvartsberg H, Winblad B, Blennow K, Freund-Levi Y. Are neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia linked to CSF biomarkers of synaptic and axonal degeneration? ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2020; 12:153. [PMID: 33203439 PMCID: PMC7670701 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-020-00718-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Background The underlying disease mechanism of neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) in dementia remains unclear. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers for synaptic and axonal degeneration may provide novel neuropathological information for their occurrence. The aim was to investigate the relationship between NPS and CSF biomarkers for synaptic (neurogranin [Ng], growth-associated protein 43 [GAP-43]) and axonal (neurofilament light [NFL]) injury in patients with dementia. Methods A total of 151 patients (mean age ± SD, 73.5 ± 11.0, females n = 92 [61%]) were included, of which 64 had Alzheimer’s disease (AD) (34 with high NPS, i.e., Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) score > 10 and 30 with low levels of NPS) and 18 were diagnosed with vascular dementia (VaD), 27 with mixed dementia (MIX), 12 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 30 with subjective cognitive impairment (SCI). NPS were primarily assessed using the NPI. CSF samples were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for T-tau, P-tau, Aβ1–42, Ng, NFL, and GAP-43. Results No significant differences were seen in the CSF levels of Ng, GAP-43, and NFL between AD patients with high vs low levels of NPS (but almost significantly decreased for Ng in AD patients < 70 years with high NPS, p = 0.06). No significant associations between NPS and CSF biomarkers were seen in AD patients. In VaD (n = 17), negative correlations were found between GAP-43, Ng, NFL, and NPS. Conclusion Our results could suggest that low levels of Ng may be associated with higher severity of NPS early in the AD continuum (age < 70). Furthermore, our data may indicate a potential relationship between the presence of NPS and synaptic as well as axonal degeneration in the setting of VaD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Bloniecki
- Department of Neurobiology, Caring Sciences and Society (NVS), Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Department of Dermatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden.
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.,UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK.,Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Dag Aarsland
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,Center for Age-Related Diseases, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Patrizia Vannini
- Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hlin Kvartsberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Bengt Winblad
- Department of Neurobiology, Caring Sciences and Society (NVS), Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Yvonne Freund-Levi
- Department of Neurobiology, Caring Sciences and Society (NVS), Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Psychiatry in Region Örebro County and School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.,Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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17
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Mazzucchi S, Palermo G, Campese N, Galgani A, Della Vecchia A, Vergallo A, Siciliano G, Ceravolo R, Hampel H, Baldacci F. The role of synaptic biomarkers in the spectrum of neurodegenerative diseases. Expert Rev Proteomics 2020; 17:543-559. [PMID: 33028119 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2020.1831388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The quest for reliable fluid biomarkers tracking synaptic disruption is supported by the evidence of a tight association between synaptic density and cognitive performance in neurodegenerative diseases (NDD), especially Alzheimer's disease (AD). AREAS COVERED Neurogranin (Ng) is a post-synaptic protein largely expressed in neurons involved in the memory networks. Currently, Ng measured in CSF is the most promising synaptic biomarker. Several studies show Ng elevated in AD dementia with a hippocampal phenotype as well as in MCI individuals who progress to AD. Ng concentrations are also increased in Creutzfeldt Jacob Disease where widespread and massive synaptic disintegration takes place. Ng does not discriminate Parkinson's disease from atypical parkinsonisms, nor is it altered in Huntington disease. CSF synaptosomal-associated protein 25 (SNAP-25) and synaptotagmin-1 (SYT-1) are emerging candidates. EXPERT OPINION CSF Ng revealed a role as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in NDD. Ng increase seems to be very specific for typical AD phenotype, probably for a prevalent hippocampal involvement. Synaptic biomarkers may serve different context-of-use in AD and other NDD including prognosis, diagnosis, and tracking synaptic damage - a critical pathophysiological mechanism in NDD - thus representing reliable tools for a precision medicine-oriented approach to NDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Mazzucchi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa , Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Palermo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa , Pisa, Italy
| | - Nicole Campese
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa , Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Galgani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa , Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Vergallo
- Sorbonne University, GRC N° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Boulevard de L'hôpital , Paris, France.,Brain & Spine Institute (ICM), INSERM U1127 , Paris, France.,Department of Neurology, Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease (IM2A), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP , Paris, France
| | - Gabriele Siciliano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa , Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberto Ceravolo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa , Pisa, Italy
| | - Harald Hampel
- Sorbonne University, GRC N° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Boulevard de L'hôpital , Paris, France
| | - Filippo Baldacci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa , Pisa, Italy.,Sorbonne University, GRC N° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Boulevard de L'hôpital , Paris, France
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18
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Camporesi E, Nilsson J, Brinkmalm A, Becker B, Ashton NJ, Blennow K, Zetterberg H. Fluid Biomarkers for Synaptic Dysfunction and Loss. Biomark Insights 2020; 15:1177271920950319. [PMID: 32913390 PMCID: PMC7444114 DOI: 10.1177/1177271920950319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Synapses are the site for brain communication where information is transmitted between neurons and stored for memory formation. Synaptic degeneration is a global and early pathogenic event in neurodegenerative disorders with reduced levels of pre- and postsynaptic proteins being recognized as a core feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiology. Together with AD, other neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders show altered synaptic homeostasis as an important pathogenic event, and due to that, they are commonly referred to as synaptopathies. The exact mechanisms of synapse dysfunction in the different diseases are not well understood and their study would help understanding the pathogenic role of synaptic degeneration, as well as differences and commonalities among them and highlight candidate synaptic biomarkers for specific disorders. The assessment of synaptic proteins in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which can reflect synaptic dysfunction in patients with cognitive disorders, is a keen area of interest. Substantial research efforts are now directed toward the investigation of CSF synaptic pathology to improve the diagnosis of neurodegenerative disorders at an early stage as well as to monitor clinical progression. In this review, we will first summarize the pathological events that lead to synapse loss and then discuss the available data on established (eg, neurogranin, SNAP-25, synaptotagmin-1, GAP-43, and α-syn) and emerging (eg, synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A and neuronal pentraxins) CSF biomarkers for synapse dysfunction, while highlighting possible utilities, disease specificity, and technical challenges for their detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Camporesi
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johanna Nilsson
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ann Brinkmalm
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bruno Becker
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Nicholas J Ashton
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, The Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health & Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London & Maudsley NHS Foundation, London, UK
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
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Neurobiology of Recovery of Motor Function after Stroke: The Central Nervous System Biomarker Effects of Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy. Neural Plast 2020; 2020:9484298. [PMID: 32617098 PMCID: PMC7312560 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9484298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Recovery of motor function after stroke involves many biomarkers. This review attempts to identify the biomarker effects responsible for recovery of motor function following the use of Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy (CIMT) and discuss their implications for research and practice. From the studies reviewed, the biomarker effects identified include improved perfusion of motor areas and brain glucose metabolism; increased expression of proteins, namely, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), and Growth-Associated Protein 43 (GAP-43); and decreased level of Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA). Others include increased cortical activation, increased motor map size, and decreased interhemispheric inhibition of the ipsilesional hemisphere by the contralesional hemisphere. Interestingly, the biomarker effects correlated well with improved motor function. However, some of the biomarker effects have not yet been investigated in humans, and they require that CIMT starts early on poststroke. In addition, one study seems to suggest the combined use of CIMT with other rehabilitation techniques such as Transcortical Direct Stimulation (tDCs) in patients with chronic stroke to achieve the biomarker effects. Unfortunately, there are few studies in humans that implemented CIMT during early poststroke. Thus, it is important that more studies in humans are carried out to determine the biomarker effects of CIMT especially early on poststroke, when there is a greater opportunity for recovery. Furthermore, it should be noted that these effects are mainly in ischaemic stroke.
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20
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Li MZ, Zhan Y, Yang L, Feng XF, Zou HY, Lei JF, Zhao T, Wang L, Zhao H. MRI Evaluation of Axonal Remodeling After Combination Treatment With Xiaoshuan Enteric-Coated Capsule and Enriched Environment in Rats After Ischemic Stroke. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1528. [PMID: 31920724 PMCID: PMC6930913 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Xiaoshuan enteric-coated capsule (XSEC) is a compound Chinese medicine widely used for the treatment of ischemic stroke. Enriched environment (EE) is a rehabilitative intervention designed to facilitate physical, cognitive, and social activity after brain injury. This study aimed to assess whether the XSEC and EE combination could provide synergistic efficacy in axonal remodeling compared to that with a single treatment after ischemic stroke using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) followed by histological analysis. Rats were subjected to permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion and treated with XSEC and EE alone or in combination for 30 days. T2-weighted imaging and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) were performed to examine the infarct volume and axonal remodeling, respectively. The co-localization of Ki67 with NG2 or CNPase was examined by immunofluorescence staining to assess oligodendrogenesis. The expressions of growth associated protein-43 (GAP-43) and growth inhibitors NogoA/Nogo receptor (NgR)/RhoA/Rho-associated kinase2 (ROCK2) were measured using western blot and qRT-PCR. The Morris water maze (MWM) was performed to evaluate the cognitive function. MRI and histological measurements indicated XSEC and EE individually benefited axonal reorganization after stroke. Notably, XSEC + EE decreased infarct volume compared with XSEC or EE monotherapy and increased ipsilateral residual volume compared with vehicle group. DTI showed XSEC + EE robustly increased fractional anisotropy while decreased axial diffusivity and radial diffusivity in the injured cortex, striatum, and external capsule. Meanwhile, diffusion tensor tractography revealed XSEC + EE elevated fiber density in the cortex and external capsule and increased fiber length in the striatum and external capsule compared with the monotherapies. These MRI measurements, confirmed by histology, showed that XSEC + EE promoted axonal restoration. Additionally, XSEC + EE amplified oligodendrogenesis, decreased the expressions of NogoA/NgR/RhoA/ROCK2, and increased the expression of GAP-43 in the peri-infarct tissues. In parallel to these findings, rats treated with XSEC + EE exhibited higher cognitive recovery than those treated with XSEC or EE monotherapy, as evidenced by MWM test. Taken together, our data implicated that XSEC + EE exerted synergistic effects on alleviating atrophy and encouraging axonal reorganization partially by promoting oligodendrogenesis and overcoming intrinsic growth-inhibitory signaling, thereby facilitating higher cognitive recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Zhong Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, China
| | - Le Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Feng Feng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Yan Zou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Feng Lei
- Medical Imaging Laboratory of Core Facility Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, China
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21
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Simrén J, Ashton NJ, Blennow K, Zetterberg H. An update on fluid biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases: recent success and challenges ahead. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2019; 61:29-39. [PMID: 31838254 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2019.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Over the last twenty years, the characterization of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients has progressed from a description of clinical symptomatology followed by neuropathological findings at autopsy to in vivo pathophysiological signatures using cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and positron emission tomography (PET). Additionally, CSF biomarkers now reflect synaptic pathology, axonal injury and neuroinflammation. Novel techniques are capable of measuring proteins of pathophysiological importance at femtomolar concentrations in blood (e.g. amyloid, tau species and neurofilaments), which enable screening of large populations in the near future. This will be essential for secondary prevention trials and clinical management. However, common diseases such as dementia with Lewy bodies, Parkinson's disease and frontotemporal dementias, are still without reliable diagnostic biomarkers, although emerging techniques show promising pilot results for some of these diseases. This is likely to change in the next few years, which will be crucial to stratify populations enrolling in clinical trials, since pathologies often coexist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Simrén
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience & Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Nicholas J Ashton
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience & Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Institute Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, UK; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health and Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation, London, UK
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience & Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience & Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK.
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22
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Sandelius Å, Sandgren S, Axelsson M, Malmeström C, Novakova L, Kostanjevecki V, Vandijck M, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Lycke J. Cerebrospinal fluid growth-associated protein 43 in multiple sclerosis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17309. [PMID: 31754174 PMCID: PMC6872811 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54032-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis (MS) correlates with disease progression and reparative processes may be triggered. Growth-associated protein 43 (GAP-43) exhibits induced expression during axonal growth and reduced expression during MS progression. We aimed to evaluate if GAP-43 can serve as a biomarker of regeneration in relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) and whether disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) influence GAP-43 concentration in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). GAP-43 was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 105 MS patients (73 RRMS, 12 primary progressive MS, 20 secondary progressive MS) and 23 healthy controls (HCs). In 35 of the patients, lumbar puncture, clinical assessment, and magnetic resonance imaging was performed before initiation of therapeutic intervention, and at follow-up. CSF GAP-43 concentration was significantly lower in progressive MS compared with HCs (p = 0.004) and RRMS (p = < 0.001) and correlated negatively with disability (p = 0.026). However, DMTs did not alter CSF GAP-43. Interestingly, in RRMS CSF GAP-43 levels were higher in patients with signs of active inflammatory disease than in patients in remission (p = 0.042). According to CSF GAP-43 concentrations, regeneration seems reduced in progressive MS, increased during disease activity in RRMS but is unaffected by treatment of highly active DMTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Åsa Sandelius
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Sofia Sandgren
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Markus Axelsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Clas Malmeström
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lenka Novakova
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | | | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.,Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom.,UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jan Lycke
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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