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Al-Kuraishy HM, Jabir MS, Al-Gareeb AI, Albuhadily AK. New insight on the possible role of statins in Vascular Parkinsonism: A need for presumptive therapy. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 95:102209. [PMID: 38286334 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Vascular Parkinsonism (VP) is clinical term represents a progressive ischemic changes and subcortical lacunar infarct leading to Parkinsonism mainly in the lower limbs so called lower body Parkinsonism. The VP neuropathology is differed from that of PD neuropathology which rarely associated with basal ganglion lesions. Dopamine transporters are normal in VP but are highly reduced in PD, and dopaminergic agonists had no effective role on VP. The neuropathological mechanisms of VP are related to vascular injury which induces the interruption of the neural connection between basal ganglion and cerebral cortex. Hyperlipidemia and other cardiometabolic risk factors augment VP risk and the related neuropathology. Targeting of these cardiometabolic disorders by lipid-lowering statins may be effective in the management of VP. Therefore, this mini-review aims to clarify the possible role of statins in the management of VP. Statins have neuroprotective effects against different neurodegenerative diseases by anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antithrombotic effects with enhancement of endothelial function. In conclusion, statins can prevent and treat VP by inhibiting inflammatory and oxidative stress disorders, mitigating of white matter hyperintensities and improving of neuronal signaling pathways. Additional preclinical, clinical trials and prospective studies are warranted in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayder M Al-Kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Majid S Jabir
- Department of Applied Science, University of Technology, Iraq.
| | - Ali I Al-Gareeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali K Albuhadily
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
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Therapeutic Effects of Quetiapine and 5-HT1A Receptor Agonism on Hyperactivity in Dopamine-Deficient Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137436. [PMID: 35806448 PMCID: PMC9266854 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Some diseases that are associated with dopamine deficiency are accompanied by psychiatric symptoms, including Parkinson’s disease. However, the mechanism by which this occurs has not been clarified. Previous studies found that dopamine-deficient (DD) mice exhibited hyperactivity in a novel environment. This hyperactivity is improved by clozapine and donepezil, which are used to treat psychiatric symptoms associated with dopamine deficiency (PSDD). We considered that DD mice could be used to study PSDD. In the present study, we sought to identify the pharmacological mechanism of PSDD. We conducted locomotor activity tests by administering quetiapine and drugs that have specific actions on serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]) receptors and muscarinic receptors. Changes in neuronal activity that were induced by drug administration in DD mice were evaluated by examining Fos immunoreactivity. Quetiapine suppressed hyperactivity in DD mice while the 5-HT1A receptor antagonist WAY100635 inhibited this effect. The number of Fos-positive neurons in the median raphe nucleus increased in DD mice that exhibited hyperactivity and was decreased by treatment with quetiapine and 5-HT1A receptor agonists. In conclusion, hyperactivity in DD mice was ameliorated by quetiapine, likely through 5-HT1A receptor activation. These findings suggest that 5-HT1A receptors may play a role in PSDD, and 5-HT1A receptor-targeting drugs may help improve PSDD.
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Che Mohd Nassir CMN, Damodaran T, Yusof SR, Norazit A, Chilla G, Huen I, K. N. BP, Mohamed Ibrahim N, Mustapha M. Aberrant Neurogliovascular Unit Dynamics in Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: A Rheological Clue to Vascular Parkinsonism. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1207. [PMID: 34452169 PMCID: PMC8398765 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The distinctive anatomical assemble and functionally discrete multicellular cerebrovasculature dynamics confer varying rheological and blood-brain barrier permeabilities to preserve the integrity of cerebral white matter and its neural microenvironment. This homeostasis intricately involves the glymphatic system that manages the flow of interstitial solutes, metabolic waste, and clearance through the venous circulation. As a physiologically integrated neurogliovascular unit (NGVU) serving a particularly vulnerable cerebral white matter (from hypoxia, metabolic insults, infection, and inflammation), a likely insidious process over a lifetime could inflict microenvironment damages that may lead to pathological conditions. Two such conditions, cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) and vascular parkinsonism (VaP), with poorly understood pathomechanisms, are frequently linked to this brain-wide NGVU. VaP is widely regarded as an atypical parkinsonism, described by cardinal motor manifestations and the presence of cerebrovascular disease, particularly white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) in the basal ganglia and subcortical region. WMHs, in turn, are a recognised imaging spectrum of CSVD manifestations, and in relation to disrupted NGVU, also include enlarged perivascular spaces. Here, in this narrative review, we present and discuss on recent findings that argue for plausible clues between CSVD and VaP by focusing on aberrant multicellular dynamics of a unique integrated NGVU-a crossroad of the immune-vascular-nervous system-which may also extend fresher insights into the elusive interplay between cerebral microvasculature and neurodegeneration, and the potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che Mohd Nasril Che Mohd Nassir
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia;
| | - Thenmoly Damodaran
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Penang, Malaysia; (T.D.); (S.R.Y.)
| | - Siti R. Yusof
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Penang, Malaysia; (T.D.); (S.R.Y.)
| | - Anwar Norazit
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Geetha Chilla
- A*STAR Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging, Helios, 11 Biopolis Way, Singapore 138667, Singapore; (G.C.); (I.H.); (B.P.K.N.)
| | - Isaac Huen
- A*STAR Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging, Helios, 11 Biopolis Way, Singapore 138667, Singapore; (G.C.); (I.H.); (B.P.K.N.)
| | - Bhanu Prakash K. N.
- A*STAR Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging, Helios, 11 Biopolis Way, Singapore 138667, Singapore; (G.C.); (I.H.); (B.P.K.N.)
| | - Norlinah Mohamed Ibrahim
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Muzaimi Mustapha
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia;
- Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Jalan Raja Perempuan Zainab II, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
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