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Müller R, Lake M, Krstić N, Običan SG, Cragun D. Impact of perinatal exposure counseling on patient reported emotional outcomes and decisional empowerment. Birth Defects Res 2024; 116:e2325. [PMID: 38520213 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposures during pregnancy are common and most pregnant patients utilize at least one medication during pregnancy. The lack of reliable information on medication safety during pregnancy available to providers and patients is a stressor and obstacle to decision-making about medication use in pregnancy. Previous studies showed that exposures in pregnancy are associated with guilt, worry, and decisional conflict. Although prior research has evaluated changes in patient knowledge after teratogen counseling, studies have not examined emotional outcomes or patients' decisional empowerment. This quasi-experimental study measured changes in patients' feelings of guilt, anxiety, and decisional empowerment after receiving exposure counseling from trained teratogen information specialists. METHODS We administered pre- and post-counseling surveys to patients referred to a perinatal exposure clinic in Tampa, Florida. Validated scales were used to measure anxiety and guilt, and the 'SURE' measure was used to assess decisional empowerment. Paired samples t-tests evaluated changes in anxiety and guilt and a McNemar test assessed for changes in empowered decision making. RESULTS Among the 34 participants who completed both surveys, anxiety, and guilt scores decreased significantly (p < .001). While only 21% felt informed and empowered to make a decision related to their exposure(s) before counseling, this increased to 85% (p < .001) on the post-survey. CONCLUSION Comprehensive counseling with a trained teratogen information specialist improves patient emotional outcomes as well as feelings of empowerment to make an informed decision regarding medication use in pregnancy. This study highlights that patient-centered teratogen counseling goes beyond simple changes in patient knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Réka Müller
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, USA
| | - Madison Lake
- Division of Genetics and Metabolism, University of Florida, USA
| | - Nevena Krstić
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, USA
| | - Sarah G Običan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, USA
| | - Deborah Cragun
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, USA
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Zeid BA, AlHoyeck M, Lahoud N. Consumption of Acetaminophen During Pregnancy: A Survey on Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Lebanese Women. Matern Child Health J 2024; 28:532-544. [PMID: 37943396 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-023-03817-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Use of acetamoniphen (paracetamol or N-acetyl-para-aminophenol [APAP]) during pregnancy is considered safe; however certain practices have been related to the risk of developing neurodevelopmental disorders in offspring. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess women's knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) towards the use APAP during pregnancy and its associated factors. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted between May 15 and August 31, 2020, among pregnant Lebanese women and those who had given birth in the last 12 months. Online self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. KAP were described and a knowledge score was generated. Multivariable linear models were used to test the association of participants' sociodemographic characteristics with their knowledge and practices related to the use of APAP. RESULTS Out of 305 participants, 72.8% had moderate knowledge about the use of APAP during pregnancy. Actually, more than 50% of them were unable to differentiate between APAP and other pain medications, determine the maximum recommended daily dose, specify the minimum time to wait between doses and identify potential effects of APAP on both mother and unborn child. A higher level of education was associated with a higher knowledge score (β = 2.32, 95%CI=[0.91; 3.73]; p = 0.001). Moreover, women had positive attitudes towards APAP use, perceiving a low risk of toxicity. Indeed, 70.5% of women used APAP at least once during their pregnancy, with 63.7% using it safely. Women with higher knowledge, experiencing at least five somatic symptoms and having a low socioeconomic level tended to be more APAP users (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS FOR PRACTICE Health professionals have the responsibility to give adequate and personalized advice to women regarding their medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berthe Abi Zeid
- Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon.
- Center for Research on Population and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Mary AlHoyeck
- Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon
| | - Nathalie Lahoud
- Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon
- National Institute of Public Health, Clinical Epidemiology & Toxicology (INSPECT-LB), Beirut, Lebanon
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Judistiani RTD, Pratiwi AE, Wahyudi K, Gunawan A, Rahmawati A, Ruslami R. Medication Use and Associated Factors Among Indonesian Pregnant Women: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Multidiscip Healthc 2023; 16:4173-4179. [PMID: 38146360 PMCID: PMC10749785 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s440426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Medication use during pregnancy should be considered carefully due to its potential harm to the fetus. Data on prescribed medication and self-medication among Indonesian pregnant women is lacking. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and factors related to medication use among pregnant women attending antenatal care services at community health posts in Soreang, a suburban area in Indonesia. Patients and Methods A cross-sectional community-based study was conducted. Data on medication use, excluding supplements, were collected. Medication was categorized using the former United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) pregnancy risk classification system. Proportions of pregnant women using prescribed medication and self-medication during pregnancy and associated factors were calculated. Results A total of 439 pregnant women were enrolled. There were 155 (35.5%) subjects who used at least one medication during pregnancy. These subjects had medical problems as the reasons for medication use. Among medication users, prescribed medication and self-medication were demonstrated in 138 (89.0%) and 17 (11.0%) pregnant women, respectively. There was a pregnant woman who was exposed to category D medication. Self-medication among pregnant women was less likely when health insurance was available (adjusted OR = 0.11, 95% CI: 0.027-0.413, P = 0.001). Conclusion The prevalence of medication use among Indonesian pregnant women is high. The presence of health insurance was protective against self-medication among pregnant women. Safe and effective practices in prescribing have to be ensured for pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raden Tina Dewi Judistiani
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
- Centre for Clinical Infection Studies, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Aprilya Eka Pratiwi
- Magister in Epidemiology Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Kurnia Wahyudi
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Agnesya Gunawan
- Centre for Clinical Infection Studies, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Anita Rahmawati
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Rovina Ruslami
- Centre for Clinical Infection Studies, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
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Obi OC, Anosike C. A cross-sectional study on the knowledge, attitude, and practice of pregnant women regarding medication use and restriction during pregnancy. EXPLORATORY RESEARCH IN CLINICAL AND SOCIAL PHARMACY 2023; 11:100308. [PMID: 37533757 PMCID: PMC10392609 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcsop.2023.100308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The use of medication during pregnancy is a complex issue that requires careful consideration to avoid potential harm to the developing fetus. Despite the existence of guidelines and restrictions on medication use during pregnancy, pregnant women in Nigeria often have limited access to information regarding drug use and may rely on their own judgment or the advice of non-professionals when making decisions about medication use. Objectives To assess Nigerian pregnant women's knowledge, attitude, and practice toward the use of drugs and restriction/contraindications in pregnancy. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among pregnant women who visited the Federal Medical Center, Umuahia, from January to February 2023. A self-administered questionnaire was answered by conveniently sampled participants. Data were collected about their sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge, attitude, and practice. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics utilizing the Pearson's chi-Square test were used for data analysis. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05. Results One hundred and fifty-two pregnant women completed the questionnaire (60.8% response rate) and were mostly married (n = 148; 95.0%). Majority were between the age of 25 to 35 years (n = 107; 70.4%), had a university/bachelor's degree (n = 94; 61.8%), and were business women (n = 85; 56.0%). About 35.5% of the respondents had good knowledge of medication restrictions in pregnancy. The majority of the respondents had a positive attitude (n = 98; 64.5%) and good practice (n = 139; 91.4%). Conclusion The findings established that a substantial proportion of the women had a positive attitude and good practice of medication use and restrictions in pregnancy. However, the level of knowledge was surprisingly poor among the study group. There is a need to educate pregnant women on safe medication use and avoidance during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ogechi C. Obi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacy Management, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
- Federal Medical Center Umuahia, Nigeria
| | - Chibueze Anosike
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacy Management, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
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Ngo E, Truong MBT, Nordeng H. Impact of a primary care pharmacist consultations on pregnant women's medication use: the SafeStart intervention study linked to a national prescription database. Int J Clin Pharm 2023:10.1007/s11096-023-01577-x. [PMID: 37156960 PMCID: PMC10366231 DOI: 10.1007/s11096-023-01577-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior studies show that pharmacist consultations are highly appreciated by pregnant women and feasible in community pharmacies. However, it is unknown whether such counseling has an impact on medication use during pregnancy. AIM This study aimed to assess whether a pharmacist consultation in early pregnancy was associated with pregnant women's medication use, with a focus on antiemetic medications. METHOD The SafeStart study recruited Norwegian pregnant women in the first trimester between February 2018 and February 2019. Women in the intervention group received a pharmacist consultation in a community pharmacy or by phone. A follow-up questionnaire was completed 13 weeks after enrollment. Data from the SafeStart study were linked to the Norwegian Prescription Database. Logistic regression was used to assess the association between the pharmacist intervention and medication use in the second trimester. RESULTS The study included 103 women in the intervention group and 126 in the control group. Overall prescription fills in the first and second trimesters were 55% and 45% (intervention group) and 49% and 52% (control group), respectively. In total, 16-20% of women in the first trimester and 21-27% of women in the second trimester had a prescription for antiemetics. The pharmacist intervention was not associated with women's medication use in the second trimester. CONCLUSION This study did not detect an impact of a pharmacist consultation on pregnant women's use of medications. In the future, pharmacist consultations should focus on other outcome factors, such as risk perception, knowledge level, and the use of other health care services. Trial registration The SafeStart study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier: NCT04182750, registration date: December 2, 2019).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin Ngo
- PharmacoEpidemiology and Drug Safety, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Blindern, Postbox 1068, 0316, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Maria Bich-Thuy Truong
- PharmacoEpidemiology and Drug Safety, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Blindern, Postbox 1068, 0316, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hedvig Nordeng
- PharmacoEpidemiology and Drug Safety, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Blindern, Postbox 1068, 0316, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Child Health and Development, National Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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Kazma JM, Van Den Anker J, Ahmadzia HK. Pharmacoethics and pregnancy: Overcoming the therapeutic orphan stigma. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2023; 89:483-490. [PMID: 34904271 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.15173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
There is paucity of evidence to support clinical decision making and counselling related to medication use in pregnancy. Despite multiple efforts from legislative bodies and advocacy groups, the inclusion of pregnant women in clinical drug trials assessing efficacy and safety remains scarce. Pregnancy can be complicated by multiple comorbidities that require pharmacological intervention; these interventions primarily target the pregnant woman but also sometimes have secondary effects for the foetus. The US Food and Drug Administration has issued multiple guidance documents on incorporating pregnant women in clinical trials to aid pharmaceutical companies in designing a protocol to ensure safety and adherence to ethical standards. Advances in paediatric pharmacology studies provide lessons for researchers on the best practice of designing clinical trials with inclusion of patients from special populations. In this review, we present the status of pregnant women in clinical trials, highlighting the ethical stigma and possible future directives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamil M Kazma
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington D.C., USA
| | - John Van Den Anker
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Children's National Hospital, Washington D.C., USA.,Division of Pediatric Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, University Children's Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Homa K Ahmadzia
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington D.C., USA
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Adeoye I, Etuk V. Prevalence, predictors and pregnancy outcomes of unprescribed and herbal medicine use in Ibadan, Nigeria. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:17. [PMID: 36670404 PMCID: PMC9854176 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-03838-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unprescribed and herbal medicines use among pregnant women is a public health concern in low and middle-income countries because of the potential teratogenic effects, insufficient safety and weak drug regulatory systems. Unprescribed and herbal medicines are common among pregnant women in Nigeria, and only a few researchers have documented the prevalence and the risk factors. However, evidence on the associated pregnancy outcomes is still lacking. We assessed the prevalence, predictors and pregnancy outcomes of unprescribed and herbal medicines use among pregnant women in Ibadan, Nigeria. METHODS This study was a component of the Ibadan Pregnancy Cohort Study, a prospective cohort study, among pregnant women in Ibadan, Nigeria, who were enrolled at ≤ 20 weeks gestation at their first antenatal visit and followed up till delivery. In all, 571 women participated in the maternal drug use assessment during the third trimester using a pretested interviewer-administered questionnaire. The primary outcomes were unprescribed and herbal medicines use and pregnancy outcomes, secondary outcomes, were abstracted from medical records. The predictors assessed included sociodemographic, obstetric, antenatal care utilization, and lifestyle characteristics. Bi-variate logistic and Poisson regression analyses were used to evaluate the predictors and relative risk for the pregnancy outcomes of unprescribed and herbal medicines at 5% significance. RESULTS The prevalence of unprescribed and herbal medicine use was 31.9% and 21.7%, respectively. On bivariate analysis, the significant predictors of unprescribed medicine (which were protective) were tertiary education, increasing income, adequate antenatal care (≥ 4 visits), and at least two doses of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine. However, high parity and having an antenatal admission increased the risk. However, after adjusting for confounders, the significant factors associated with unprescribed medicines were; tertiary education (AOR) = 0.23; 95% CI: (0.06 - 0.95); p-value: 0.043] and obtaining at least two doses of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine [AOR = 0.33; 95% CI: (0.29 - 3.60); p-value: 0.048]. For herbal medicines, the predictors were similar to unprescribed drugs. However, after adjusting for confounders, none was significant for herbal medicines. Unprescribed and herbal medicines were not significantly associated with pregnancy outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Unprescribed and herbal medicines use were common among pregnant women in Ibadan, Nigeria, particularly among women with low economic status and those with poor utilization of antenatal care services. These significant predictors can be targeted for public health intervention. Specifically, health education that discourages the use of unprescribed and herbal medications to pregnant women during antenatal care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikeola Adeoye
- grid.9582.60000 0004 1794 5983Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Faculty of Public Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria ,Consortium of Advanced Research for Africa (CARTA), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Victoria Etuk
- grid.9582.60000 0004 1794 5983Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Faculty of Public Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Alves SP, Costa T, Ribeiro I, Néné M, Sequeira C. Perinatal mental health counselling programme: A scoping review. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2023; 106:170-179. [PMID: 36376136 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2022.10.347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To map the evidence on a Perinatal Mental Health Counselling Programme, identifying its characteristics, participants, and outcomes. METHODS This review followed the guidelines of the Joanna Briggs Institute and PRISMA-ScR. Published and unpublished studies, from 2011 to 2021, written in English, Portuguese or Spanish were included. RESULTS Despite the high number of articles identified, only nine articles were included in the final analysis, mainly from Iran, Italy and one Portuguese study. All articles referred to community health care centres and hospitals. The sessions varied between 6 and 16 and lasted 30-90 min. The method used was either individual and/or group, with weekly or monthly sessions or whenever deemed necessary throughout the evaluation. Different techniques were found, but emotional management, problem-solving, relaxation and mindfulness techniques were highlighted. Participants are pregnant women, partners, or family members. All articles suggest a decrease in the levels of stress, anxiety, and depression after the counselling intervention. CONCLUSION Perinatal counselling programme have varied characteristics and mental health nurses are potential facilitators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sónia Patricia Alves
- Oporto University - Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Portugal; Mental Health Nurse at ACES Porto Ocidental - Northern Regional Health Administration, Portugal; Nursing School of Porto, Portugal; Research Group "NursID:Innovation & Development in Nursing" - Center for Health Technology andServices Research (CINTESIS), 4250-224 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Tiago Costa
- Nursing School of Porto, Portugal; Research Group "NursID:Innovation & Development in Nursing" - Center for Health Technology andServices Research (CINTESIS), 4250-224 Porto, Portugal; Hospital Center of Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Portugal; University of Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Isilda Ribeiro
- Nursing School of Porto, Portugal; Research Group "NursID:Innovation & Development in Nursing" - Center for Health Technology andServices Research (CINTESIS), 4250-224 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Manuela Néné
- Research Group "NursID:Innovation & Development in Nursing" - Center for Health Technology andServices Research (CINTESIS), 4250-224 Porto, Portugal; Higher School of Health of The Portuguese Red Cross in Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Carlos Sequeira
- Nursing School of Porto, Portugal; Research Group "NursID:Innovation & Development in Nursing" - Center for Health Technology andServices Research (CINTESIS), 4250-224 Porto, Portugal.
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Kazma J, Araji T, Khilnani A, van den Anker J, Ahmadzia HK. Knowledge, Attitude, and Beliefs of Medication Use in Pregnancy in an Urban Tertiary Care Center. J Clin Pharmacol 2022; 62 Suppl 1:S30-S35. [PMID: 36106780 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.2116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Medication use in pregnancy is common. However, there is a gap in the literature assessing the knowledge of pregnant individuals about medication use in pregnancy. The aim of our study is to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs of pregnant people on medication use in pregnancy. We conducted a cross-sectional survey questionnaire that was completed by pregnant patients from December 2021 to January 2022. The survey included questions regarding knowledge, attitude, and sources for obtaining information about medication use in pregnancy and general statements from the Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire (BMQ). A total of 150 participants completed the survey. Most patients reported that a person should know that medication use for chronic diseases must be modified during pregnancy and that medications can be used in any trimester of pregnancy. Most reported that medication use can lead to fetal growth restriction and maternal bleeding. The mean scores (SDs) on the BMQ-General for the overuse, harm, and benefit statements were 8.7 (2.4), 8.2 (3.1), and 15.7 (2.8). Even though medication use in pregnancy is common, it is an area of concern to pregnant patients. More research on identifying the risks of different medicines used in pregnancy is thus needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamil Kazma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Tarek Araji
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Aneka Khilnani
- The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - John van den Anker
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA.,Division of Pediatric Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, University Children's Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Homa K Ahmadzia
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
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Ayele AA, Islam MS, Cosh S, East L. Community pharmacy professionals' practice in responding to minor symptoms experienced by pregnant women in Ethiopia: results from sequential mixed methods. J Pharm Policy Pract 2022; 15:29. [PMID: 35387691 PMCID: PMC8988357 DOI: 10.1186/s40545-022-00427-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In countries with limited access to healthcare services, community pharmacists’ management of minor symptoms experienced by pregnant women could be beneficial in terms of alleviating the burden of other health professionals and cost of services. However, evidence is limited regarding the practice of community pharmacy professionals in responding to minor pregnancy-related symptoms more generally, particularly in Ethiopia. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate actual and self-reported practice of community pharmacists in the management of minor symptoms during pregnancy in Ethiopia. Methods A sequential mixed method study using self-reported survey from 238 community pharmacists followed by 66 simulated client visits was conducted from March to July 2020 in six towns of the Amhara regional state in Ethiopia. Independent samples t-test and one-way Analysis of Variance was used to test the mean difference of practice score among subgroups of study participants. Results The self-reported survey showed that most community pharmacist would ‘always’ gather most symptom-related information particularly about ‘duration of symptoms,’ ‘frequency of symptoms,’ and ‘gestational age’ and provide medication-related information on ‘how to use the medication’ and ‘duration of use.’ The highest mean practice scores were observed in relation to information gathering about ‘gestational age’ and information provision on ‘how to use the medication.’ In contrast, the lowest mean practice scores were observed in relation to information gathering about ‘weight of the woman’ and information provision on ‘dosage form.’ However, the actual practice, as revealed by the simulated client visits, demonstrated that most community pharmacists would rarely gather symptom-related information nor provide medication-related information. In addition, dispensing of non-prescribed medications to pregnant women was also common. The extent of self-reported practice differed among subgroups of study participants. Conclusions This study highlights extent of practice of community pharmacy professionals during the management of minor symptoms in pregnancy in Ethiopia. Discrepancies of results between self-reported and actual practices of community pharmacy professionals were observed. The inadequate actual practice of symptom-related information gathering and medication-related information provisions needs considerations of implementing interventions to minimize potential harms. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40545-022-00427-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asnakew Achaw Ayele
- School of Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New England, Armidale, 2351, Australia. .,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
| | - Md Shahidul Islam
- School of Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New England, Armidale, 2351, Australia
| | - Suzanne Cosh
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New England, Armidale, 2351, Australia
| | - Leah East
- School of Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New England, Armidale, 2351, Australia.,Hunter New England Health, Armidale, 2350, Australia
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Toolan M, Barnard K, Lynch M, Maharjan N, Thapa M, Rai N, Lavender T, Larkin M, Caldwell DM, Burden C, Manandhar DS, Merriel A. A systematic review and narrative synthesis of antenatal interventions to improve maternal and neonatal health in Nepal. AJOG GLOBAL REPORTS 2022; 2:100019. [PMID: 35252905 PMCID: PMC8883503 DOI: 10.1016/j.xagr.2021.100019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Manurung HR, Santoso H, Rochadi K, Juanita J. Intervention Effects in Using an Application Compared with a Module with Pictures on Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of the Pregnant Women in North Sumatra, Indonesia. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.8125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Pregnancy period is a crucial period for the maternal and infant health. Unfortunately, there are still many pregnant women having low knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP). Meanwhile, the advanced technology and the occurrence of pandemic should have created change toward the method to provide education.
AIM: This research aims to compare the KAP of the pregnant women provided by an application with those provided with a module with pictures.
METHODS: This research was conducted in Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatera Province. There were two groups of pregnant women, each of which consists of 32 people chosen from the pregnant women registered in two Public Health Centers. One group used the application and the other used the module with pictures. After 3 months, the KAP of those two groups was measured in accordance with the content of the module.
RESULTS: Those two groups had the profile of the same age and education, but their occupation was different, where the application users were mostly housewives, while the most of the module users were self-employed. The pregnant women using the application had a higher KAP than the pregnant women using the module with pictures.
CONCLUSION: The use of the application and the module with pictures is an important alternative to increase the KAP of the pregnant women.
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Cot S, Durand D, Daniel S, Paris S, Millot I, Binquet C. [Not Available]. SANTE PUBLIQUE (VANDOEUVRE-LES-NANCY, FRANCE) 2022; 34:71-85. [PMID: 36102094 DOI: 10.3917/spub.221.0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The environment and living conditions of parents during the "first 1000 days" period influence the short- and long-term health trajectories of children. Professionals following pregnancies play an important role in advising future parents to adopt health-promoting behaviors. It appeared necessary to describe the prevention messages transmitted by professionals early in pregnancy. OBJECTIVES To identify the prevention messages systematically delivered during the first trimester of pregnancy and determine the degree of priority that professionals (midwives, obstetricians, general practitioners) of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté give to them. RESULTS Prevention messages on infectious risk were addressed by 96.5% of respondents, and those on risk behaviors and addictions by 93.7%. Dietary balance and sports activities (78.5%), as well as risks in the daily life (47.1%) were less delivered. The messages that professionals declared to be delivered systematically to pregnant women during the first trimester were generally those that they considered to be priorities. There were some differences depending on the professional. Regarding information media, the majority of respondents did not use any. They agreed on the importance of a paper-based information medium and wished to be able to rely on a digital medium (62.6%). CONCLUSION The co-construction of support that meets the needs of both women and professionals and that is validated by health authorities would contribute to better consideration and promotion of health-promoting behaviors by parents, by promoting empowerment of women and couples from the beginning of pregnancy.
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Shrestha S, Shrestha S, Sapkota B, Shakya R, Roien R, Mohamed Ibrahim MI. Reintroduction of Post-Baccalaureate Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD, Post-Bac) Program in Nepal: Exploration of the Obstacles and Solutions to Move Forward. ADVANCES IN MEDICAL EDUCATION AND PRACTICE 2022; 13:159-166. [PMID: 35221745 PMCID: PMC8864168 DOI: 10.2147/amep.s348601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
This commentary article highlights the status of clinical pharmacy education in Nepal, explores the challenges and solutions in sustainably reintroducing Post-Baccalaureate Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD, Post-Bac) in Nepal, as was previously launched by Kathmandu University (KU) Department of Pharmacy in 2010, and suggests a few prospects forward. Clinical pharmacy practice has remained on the sidelines and subordinate to physicians in Nepal. KU launched the PharmD (Post-Bac.) as a postgraduate program to establish the professional identity of clinical pharmacists in the country. However, despite unremitting efforts, the program did not thrive long and held since 2014. This paper aimed to explore challenges that remained at the forefront of the program and provide possible solutions for its reintroduction. The KU produced three batches of PharmD Post-Bac. graduates and now the revival of the program is crucial. Undoubtedly, a well-trained clinical preceptor can bring significant changes in the quality and competency of the PharmD graduates. Advocacy programs to foster the role of clinical pharmacists in the patient care services and revisiting of Bachelor of Pharmacy (BPharm) curriculum to complement the necessity of the PharmD program are needed. The non-sustenance of the PharmD program is emblematic of the dire mosaic that the clinical pharmacists are facing while delivering patient-oriented services in the country. Hence, strategies need to be formulated for the revival and sustainability of the program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Shrestha
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Health Service Research, Nepal Health Research and Innovation Foundation, Lalitpur, Nepal
- Nobel College of Health Sciences, Affiliated to Pokhara University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Sweta Shrestha
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Science, Kathmandu University, Dhulikhel, Nepal
- Correspondence: Sweta Shrestha; Rohullah Roien, Email ;
| | - Binaya Sapkota
- Nobel College of Health Sciences, Affiliated to Pokhara University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Rajani Shakya
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Science, Kathmandu University, Dhulikhel, Nepal
| | - Rohullah Roien
- Medical Research Centre, Kateb University, Kabul, Afghanistan
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Mahfouz IA, Asali F, Ziara FMI, Samara B, Qudsieh S, Al-Rshoud F. Enema Administration During Labor: Pregnant Women's Perspective and Knowledge. SAGE Open Nurs 2022; 8:23779608221139148. [DOI: 10.1177/23779608221139148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Current evidence does not support the routine use of rectal enemas (REs) because they have not been associated with reduced rates of puerperal infection, degree of perineal tear, or duration of labor. A recent literature review recognized knowledge gaps regarding the uses of RE during labor including women's perceptions, pain, and satisfaction. Objectives To report pregnant women's knowledge, attitudes, perceptions, pain, and satisfaction associated with the use of RE during labor. Methods A prospective study was conducted between 20 October 2019 and 20 October 2020. Women were included if they were 37 weeks or more pregnant, had a viable pregnancy, were admitted in labor, and had an RE. Characteristic data and data about knowledge, perceptions, attitudes, pain, and satisfaction associated with its use were recorded. Women were regrouped based on their level of knowledge into low- and high-level groups. Attitudes, perceptions, inconveniences, pain, and satisfaction were regrouped into two categories: low and high on the Likert scale. Results A total of 300 women were recruited, with means (SD) for age and gestational age of 27.8 (4.8) years, and 40 (1.1) weeks, respectively, and 45.7% were knowledgeable or very knowledgeable, 76% had a positive attitude, and 88.7% perceived enemas as important. The mean scores (SD) for pain and satisfaction as measured on visual analogue scales were 1.5 (1.8) and 5.4 (1.8), respectively. Women with high knowledge about RE were older and multiparous. Recruited women were more likely to report lower inconvenience and pain scores and higher satisfaction scores (all P<.05). Conclusion Most recruited women were knowledgeable about REs, perceived them as important, and expressed a positive attitude toward their administration. The low levels of inconvenience, pain, and complications and the high satisfaction rates may be used when counseling women about when an RE is required during labor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismaiel Abu Mahfouz
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al Salt, Jordan
| | - Fida Asali
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Fedaa M. I. Ziara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Specialty Hospital, Amman, Jordan
| | - Batool Samara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Specialty Hospital, Amman, Jordan
| | - Suhair Qudsieh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Firas Al-Rshoud
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
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Kirubarajan A, Lam A, Yu A, Taheri C, Khan S, Sethuram C, Mehta V, Olivieri N. Knowledge, Information Sources, and Institutional Trust of Patients Regarding Medication Use in Pregnancy: A Systematic Review. J Family Reprod Health 2021; 15:160-171. [PMID: 34721607 PMCID: PMC8536826 DOI: 10.18502/jfrh.v15i3.7133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The objective of our study is to characterize the knowledge, information sources, and institutional trust of patients regarding medication use in pregnancy. Materials and methods: We conducted a review of three databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINAHL. We included observational studies and knowledge assessments that examined the knowledge, attitudes, beliefs or information sources of pregnant patients related to medication use during pregnancy. Extraction was completed by two independent reviewers, outcomes were summarized descriptively, and appraisal was conducted. Results: Of the 1359 search results, 34 studies met inclusion criteria. Thus, our systematic review encompasses the beliefs of 11,757 pregnant participants. In most studies, participants described apprehension regarding potential risks to the fetus and the inadequacy of safety information. Across the 23 knowledge assessments, the majority of studies reported patient misconceptions about prescription medication in pregnancy. The most preferred information source was a healthcare provider. However, many participants expressed frustration, mistrust, and skepticism regarding physician knowledge. A common source of mistrust was due to perceived physician self-interest as well as a lack of education tailored to pregnancy. Consequently, informal sources of information were also popular. Conclusion: There is a need to improve the health literacy and trust among pregnant patients regarding drug prescribing. There are modifiable risk factors for mistrust that require further attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abirami Kirubarajan
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew Lam
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amy Yu
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cameron Taheri
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shawn Khan
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Claire Sethuram
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vikita Mehta
- Arts and Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nancy Olivieri
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Garsia K, MacMillan F, Dune T, Simmons D. The role of the pharmacist in contraception and pre-pregnancy management for women with diabetes: a study of patient and pharmacist perspectives. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/jphsr/rmab019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Women with diabetes are at increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes compared to women with gestational diabetes (GDM) or no diabetes. Pregnancy outcomes are improved by specialist pre-pregnancy care. We aimed to explore pharmacists’ and women with diabetes’ perceptions of the roles and barriers to pharmacist participation in a diabetes contraception and pre-pregnancy program in South-Western Sydney (SWS).
Methods
The Diabetes Contraception and Pre-pregnancy Program (DCAPP) aims to reduce adverse pregnancy outcomes among women with diabetes. This includes awareness raising among, and through, pharmacists. Surveys to explore pharmacists’ roles in contraception and pre-pregnancy management (CPPM) were completed by SWS pharmacists and women with diabetes from diabetes clinics aged 18–50 years. Survey themes were then discussed in interviews and focus groups with pharmacists across Australia. Thematic analysis of transcripts was undertaken.
Key findings
Pharmacists were seen to have a role in diabetes health promotion, information distribution and referral to pre-pregnancy clinics. Pharmacists and women recognised the need for increased knowledge and educational materials about CPPM and effective awareness and coordination of CPPM services. Some pharmacists recognised deficits in their knowledge regarding diabetes in pregnancy, including CPPM and differences to GDM. Barriers to pharmacists’ involvement in CPPM included difficulty identifying applicable women and reluctance to initiate pregnancy planning and contraception conversations, often due to language and cultural barriers.
Conclusions
Pharmacists and women with diabetes see an important role for pharmacists in CPPM. Co-designed diabetes training for pharmacists and increased communication about DCAPP were seen important for ongoing implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Garsia
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | - Freya MacMillan
- School of Health Sciences & Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism Translation Unit, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
- Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism Translational Research Unit, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | - Tinashe Dune
- School of Health Sciences & Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism Translation Unit, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
- Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism Translational Research Unit, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | - David Simmons
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
- Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism Translational Research Unit, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
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Mohamed Ibrahim OH, Ibrahim RM, Al-Tameemi NK, Bahy Mohammed Ebaed S, AlMazrouei N, Riley K. Evaluation of the use and attitudes of pregnant and postpartum women towards medicine utilisation during pregnancy in the United Arab Emirates: A national cross-sectional study. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e14344. [PMID: 33977619 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pregnancy period is of high concern to every woman. Knowledge about medication use needs to be highlighted at such a critical stage. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess pregnant and postpartum women's use and attitude regarding the utilisation of medications during pregnancy in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). METHODS A self-administrated survey was distributed among 500 pregnant and postpartum women randomly selected from the general population of five different cities within the UAE: Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Sharjah, AL Fujairah and Ajman over a period of 3 months. All analyses were two-sided, and a P-value of ≤.05 was taken as the cut-off for statistical significance. RESULTS Overall, 434 participants took part in the survey. Forty-one percent of respondents reported that they use drugs during pregnancy, and the most frequently used medications during pregnancy were multivitamins, analgesics and folic acid. Moreover, 77.9% of female participants acquired their knowledge from their gynaecologists. Only 21.7% of respondents reported that the pharmacist provided enough information during dispensing. Most ladies had an uplifting mentality towards medicines, but they believed pregnant ladies should be more wary with respect to medication use during pregnancy. A significant association was found between participants' nationality and occupation, and attitudes about medications (P < .001), where women with Arab nationality and those with health-related careers agreed that they have a higher threshold for using medicines during pregnancy. CONCLUSION During pregnancy, ladies were more moderate and doubter towards the drug, healthcare providers should know about such mentalities while encouraging pregnant ladies to take prescription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama H Mohamed Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice & Pharmacotherapy, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rana M Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice & Pharmacotherapy, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Noor Kifah Al-Tameemi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice & Pharmacotherapy, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Nadia AlMazrouei
- Department of Pharmacy Practice & Pharmacotherapy, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Karen Riley
- College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Guainseville, FL, USA
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Adherence to Iron and Folic Acid Supplementation and Its Associated Factors among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care at Bwindi Community Hospital, Western Uganda. Int J Reprod Med 2021; 2021:6632463. [PMID: 34195259 PMCID: PMC8203367 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6632463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Methods This was a cross-sectional study that used an interviewer-administered questionnaire and reviewed medical records. Binary and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with iron and folic acid supplementation. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) and p value < 0.05 were used to assess for statistical significance. Results We enrolled 438 pregnant women aged 16 to 41years. Participants' mean age (±standard deviation (SD)) was 25.9 (±3.17) years. The self-reported adherence to iron and folic acid supplementation (consumed ≥4 tablets a week or 20 tablets in a month daily without missing the prescribed dosage) was 22.37% (N = 98). Among the adherent pregnant women, the reported reasons (and their respective proportionality) for adherence were getting advice and counseling from the healthcare worker about the good effects of iron and folic acid supplementation (N = 34, 34.69%) and knowledge about the health benefits of iron and folic acid supplementation such as preventing anemia (N = 16, 16.33%), among others. On the other hand, the reported reasons (and their respective proportionality) for iron and folic acid nonadherence were forgetfulness (N = 158, 46.47%), taking too many pills (N = 7, 2.06%), not knowing the usefulness of iron and folic acid supplementation (N = 29, 8.53%), fear of the side effects of the medication (N = 119, 35.00%), and not getting the supplement from the hospital (N = 27, 7.94%). Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses indicated that pregnant women who were primigravida (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 4.5), who have parity of 2 or 3 (AOR = 3.4), who perceived importance of iron and folic acid supplementation to prevent anemia (AOR = 2.9), and who considered it important to take iron and folic acid supplementation (AOR = 2.9) showed a statistically significant association with adherence to iron and folic acid supplementation. Moreover, pregnant women who perceived the risk of not taking iron and folic acid supplementation (AOR = 5.2), those who received sufficient health education regarding the goals of iron and folic acid supplementation as well as the dangers of not taking the supplements (AOR = 4.4) and adequate counseling, and those who obtained an explanation of the effects of iron and folic acid (AOR = 4.8) showed a significant association with adherence to iron and folic acid supplementation. Conclusion This study found a low adherence of iron and folic acid supplementation and was associated with obstetric and client- and health system-related characteristics. To this end, there is a need for individualized strategies targeting such factors and intensifying health education, guidance, and counseling to optimize adherence to iron and folic acid supplementation.
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Toloza FJ, Theriot SE, Singh Ospina NM, Nooruddin S, Keathley B, Johnson SM, Payakachat N, Ambrogini E, Rodriguez-Gutierrez R, O'Keeffe DT, Brito JP, Montori VM, Dajani NK, Maraka S. Knowledge, Attitudes, Beliefs, and Treatment Burden Related to the Use of Levothyroxine in Hypothyroid Pregnant Women in the United States. Thyroid 2021; 31:669-677. [PMID: 33176609 PMCID: PMC8195877 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2020.0629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: The use of prescribed medications during pregnancy is a challenge and an underestimated source of treatment burden. Levothyroxine (LT4) for the treatment of overt and subclinical hypothyroidism is extensively prescribed during pregnancy. To this end, we aimed to explore the patients' perceived benefits and risks, knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, and related burden of LT4 therapy during pregnancy. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we surveyed pregnant women who were treated with LT4 during pregnancy from January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2019, in a tertiary academic medical center of the United States. The anonymous online survey included questions to gather demographic data and multiple-choice questions regarding the benefits and risks, knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, and burden related to LT4 use during pregnancy. Results: Sixty-four pregnant women (mean age 31.5 years) completed the study survey (response rate: 96%): 62% were diagnosed with hypothyroidism more than 12 months before pregnancy, 16% less than or about 12 months before pregnancy, and 22% during pregnancy. We found that one-third of pregnant women using LT4 had a feeling of uneasiness/anxiety due to their hypothyroidism diagnosis. About half of the respondents (45%) reported that they did not receive an explanation by their clinician regarding the maternal/fetal risks of uncontrolled hypothyroidism or the benefits of adequate control. Finally, two in three patients expressed various concerns of LT4-related treatment burden. Conclusions: Our findings support the need for increased effective communication and tailored counseling to address fears, anxiety, and uncertainties about the benefits and risks of LT4 use in pregnancy. For patients with clear benefits from LT4 treatment in pregnancy, it could help to overcome their concerns, promote adherence, and decrease adverse maternal/fetal outcomes. For patients with no clear benefits established, clinicians need to be aware of LT4-related treatment burden in pregnancy and implement patient-centered approaches in their clinical practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freddy J.K. Toloza
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- Knowledge and Evaluation Research Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Sarah E. Theriot
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Naykky M. Singh Ospina
- Knowledge and Evaluation Research Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Sameen Nooruddin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Brooke Keathley
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Stacey M. Johnson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Nalin Payakachat
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Elena Ambrogini
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Rene Rodriguez-Gutierrez
- Knowledge and Evaluation Research Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital “Dr. Jose E. Gonzalez,” Autonomous University of Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico
- Plataforma INVEST Medicina UANL-KER Unit (KER Unit México), Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, México
| | - Derek T. O'Keeffe
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Juan P. Brito
- Knowledge and Evaluation Research Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Victor M. Montori
- Knowledge and Evaluation Research Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Nafisa K. Dajani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Spyridoula Maraka
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- Knowledge and Evaluation Research Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- Address correspondence to: Spyridoula Maraka, MD, MS, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham Street, #587, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
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Evaluation of the pregnant women's approaches regarding drug utilization. North Clin Istanb 2021; 8:49-56. [PMID: 33623873 PMCID: PMC7881424 DOI: 10.14744/nci.2020.27003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Drug utilization habits of the pregnant are a critical aspect of rational use of the medicine (RUM). This study aimed to analyze the RUM related attitudes and the behaviors of women during their pregnancies. METHODS: The data were collected between May 2016–October 2016 by conducting surveys to 71 pregnant women admitted to the private and governmental hospitals in five districts of Northern Cyprus. The sociodemographic characteristics of the pregnant as well as their attitudes and behaviors concerning drug use were evaluated. RESULTS: The mean age and the gestational week of the patients was 29.7±4.3 years and 25.7±11.2 weeks, respectively. Planned pregnancies constituted 71.8% of all. The percentage of patients with an unplanned pregnancies who were using drugs at the time of the survey (25.0%) was lower than that in those with planned pregnancies (49.0%, p<0.05). Almost two-thirds (66.2%) of the women were exposed to a drug during pregnancy, mostly for “vitamin/mineral prophylaxis” (38.3%) and agents controlling nausea/vomiting (19.1%). Two out of eleven women (18.2%) were using folic acid when they learned about their pregnancy. One of the drugs used for the chronic disorder in the third trimester was acetylsalicylic acid (11.1%), a category D drug in this setting. Most of the patients stated that they frequently read the instructions (60.9%), “often” paying attention to side effects (56.5%). Considering some of the habits related to drug use, 8.7% and 10.9% of pregnant women declared that they sometimes “did not follow the instructions” and “dosage/duration of the drug usage”, respectively. Seven patients (15.2%) declared that they did not consider side effects on the medication guide while more than half (56.5%) did it “often”. Near one in five (19.6%) of the pregnant women stated that they hesitated about the drug usage due to teratogenicity risks. CONCLUSION: Our study highlights the drug utilization attitudes and behaviors of pregnant women during pregnancy in Northern Cyprus, indicating several shortcomings, including insufficient prenatal folic acid use, occasional use of risky drugs, and unsatisfactory medication guide handling. Available findings underline the necessity of education not only for patients but also for healthcare providers to disseminate RUM in pregnancy.
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Alani AHHDA, Hassan BAR, Suhaimi AM, Mohammed AH. Use, Awareness, Knowledge and Beliefs of Medication During Pregnancy in Malaysia. Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2021; 11:373-379. [PMID: 33403200 PMCID: PMC7752143 DOI: 10.24171/j.phrp.2020.11.6.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to assess medication use in pregnant women in Malaysia by measuring use, knowledge, awareness, and beliefs about medications. Methods This was an observational, cross-sectional study involving a total of 447 pregnant women who attended the Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic, Hospital Kuala Lumpur (HKL), Malaysia. A validated, self-administered questionnaire was used to collect participant data. Results Most of pregnant women had taken medication during pregnancy and more than half of them (52.8%) showed a poor level of knowledge about the medication use during pregnancy. Eighty-three percent had a poor level of awareness and 56.5% had negative beliefs. Age and education level were significantly associated with the level of knowledge regarding medication use during pregnancy. Multiparous pregnant women, and pregnant women from rural areas were observed to have a higher level of awareness compared with those who lived in urban areas. Use of medication during pregnancy was determined to be significantly associated with education level, and race. Conclusion Although there was prevalent use of medication among pregnant women, many had negative beliefs, and insufficient knowledge and awareness about the risks of taking medication during pregnancy. Several sociodemographic characteristics were significantly associated with the use (race and education level), level of knowledge (age and education level), awareness (parity and place of residence), and beliefs (race, education level, and occupation status) towards medication use during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Azyyati Mohd Suhaimi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia
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Undela K, Joy N, Gurumurthy P, M S S. Knowledge, beliefs, and practice of pregnant women regarding medication use during pregnancy: a hospital-based cross-sectional study. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2020; 41:522-526. [PMID: 32552304 DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2020.1754368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the knowledge, beliefs, and practice (KBP) of pregnant women on medication use during pregnancy, and to identify the factors influencing KBP. A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology of a tertiary care hospital over a period of nine months. Pregnant women receiving at least one medication were included in the study. A 19-item questionnaire was developed, validated, and used for assessing the KBP of pregnant women. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors influencing the KBP. A total of 422 pregnant women with a mean (SD) age of 24.6 (4.05) years were included in the study. Pregnant women were having less knowledge on 'unsafe medications' and 'important medications' during pregnancy, wrong belief on 'stopping all medications during pregnancy', and less practice of 'asking Pharmacist how to take medications'. It was identified hat the age, education, occupation, and area of living were the factors influencing the knowledge and practice of pregnant women on medication use. This study identified the need for improvement in knowledge and practice of pregnant women who are young, having nil or low level of education, no occupation, and living in rural areas.IMPACT STATEMENTWhat is already known on this subject? Knowledge and beliefs on medication use play a vital role in medication adherence among pregnant women. Crisis in rural healthcare along with socio-demographic conditions and literacy status of Indian women may have contributed to the lack of understanding about use of medications during pregnancy.What the results of this study add? The knowledge of pregnant women was found to be insufficient on 'unsafe medications' and 'important medications' during pregnancy. Majority of the pregnant women believe that it is better for the foetus if they 'stop taking all medications during pregnancy'. 'Not asking Pharmacist how to take medications' is one important practice in India contributes less knowledge on medication use.What the implications are of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? There is a need for improvement in knowledge and practice of medication use among pregnant women who are young, having nil or low level of education, no occupation, and living in rural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Undela
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Nicy Joy
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Parthasarathi Gurumurthy
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sujatha M S
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, JSS Medical College and Hospital, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
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Atmadani RN, Nkoka O, Yunita SL, Chen YH. Self-medication and knowledge among pregnant women attending primary healthcare services in Malang, Indonesia: a cross-sectional study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2020; 20:42. [PMID: 31948428 PMCID: PMC6966862 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-020-2736-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-medication with over-the-counter (OTC) drugs is an important public health concern, especially in the vulnerable population of pregnant women due to potential risks to both the mother and fetus. Few studies have studied how factors, such as knowledge, affect self-medication. This study investigated self-medication and its associated factors among pregnant women attending healthcare services in Malang, Indonesia. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted from July to September 2018 in five healthcare services. A self-administered questionnaire was used and the data were analyzed using multiple regression models. RESULTS Of 333 female participants, 39 (11.7%) used OTC medication. Women with a higher level of knowledge of OTC medication were more likely to self-medicate-adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 2.15, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.03-4.46. Compared with those with less knowledge, pregnant women with more correct knowledge of the possible risk of self-medication were less likely to self-medicate-aOR = 0.29; 95% CI = 0.14-0.60. The effect of a higher level of knowledge of OTC medication was significant among women who had middle school and lower education-aOR = 8.18; 95% CI = 1.70-39.35. The effect of correct knowledge on the possible risks of self-medication was significant only among women with high school and higher education-aOR = 0.17; 95% CI = 0.07-0.42. CONCLUSION Imparting specific knowledge of the potential risks of using non-prescribed medication during pregnancy may help pregnant women navigate and more safely manage their OTC use. We also suggest further collecting data from more healthcare services, such as hospitals, to obtain more findings generalizable to the Indonesian community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizka Novia Atmadani
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Health Science, University of Muhammadiyah Malang, Kampus II, Malang, Indonesia.,School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Owen Nkoka
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sendi Lia Yunita
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Health Science, University of Muhammadiyah Malang, Kampus II, Malang, Indonesia.,School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hua Chen
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Shukla M, Khan NZ, Agarwal A, Dwivedi AD, Singh JV, Alam S. Effect of focused birth preparedness and complication readiness counseling on pregnancy outcome among females attending tertiary care hospital in Barabanki district, Uttar Pradesh, India. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2019; 8:113. [PMID: 31334265 PMCID: PMC6615138 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_451_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Measures related to birth preparedness and complication readiness (BPCR) during pregnancy play an important role in producing better pregnancy outcome. If the pregnant females are properly counseled during antenatal visits, it could help in bringing out desirable behavior changes. AIMS This study aims to study BPCR-related awareness and practices among the pregnant females and the effect of focused and structured birth preparedness counseling on complication readiness among pregnant females. SUBJECT AND METHODS A facility-based follow-up study was conducted from July to December 2016, and a total of 130 pregnant females were enrolled. All study participants were initially assessed for various domains of BPCR index consisting of seven key indicators. The index reassessment was done again, after 1 month, during follow-up visit. Information regarding any pregnancy-related complication in due course and behavior was also recorded during successive follow-up. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED The difference in pre- and postcounseling mean BPCR index was assessed using paired t-test, and McNemar's test was used for paired categorical data analysis. P < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. RESULTS The postcounseling BPCR index (70.65 ± 19.18) was found to be significantly much higher as compared to pre-counseling baseline BPCR index (41.12 ± 11.34). Knowledge about danger signs of pregnancy, transportation services provided by government, financial assistance provided in Government schemes, identification of skilled birth attendant, mode of transportation, and arrangement of emergency blood donor was found to increase significantly after counseling. Abortion was found to occur significantly higher (about thrice) among those who had postcounseling BPCR index below average, i.e., <50% (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study revealed that focused birth preparedness counseling on complication readiness could play an important role in increasing the baseline knowledge of pregnant females regarding pregnancy-related complications and bring out desirable ideal health-seeking behavior changes during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Shukla
- Department of Community Medicine, Hind Institute of Medical Sciences, Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nahid Zia Khan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hind Institute of Medical Sciences, Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anjana Agarwal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hind Institute of Medical Sciences, Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Akhilesh Dutta Dwivedi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hind Institute of Medical Sciences, Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jai Vir Singh
- Department of Community Medicine, Hind Institute of Medical Sciences, Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shahnoor Alam
- Department of Community Medicine, Hind Institute of Medical Sciences, Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Perceptions of medicine use among pregnant women: an interview-based study. Int J Clin Pharm 2019; 41:1021-1030. [PMID: 31104187 DOI: 10.1007/s11096-019-00840-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background When women are in a condition that requires medicines during pregnancy they have to balance the health benefits of the medical treatment against the potential risk of harming their unborn child. Too high teratogenic risk perceptions among pregnant women can lead them to stop taking the medicine, worsening the symptoms for the mother and even harming their foetus. Many women today who use over-the-counter and prescribed medicines have been shown to change their medical behaviour when they become pregnant. Objective To explore in depth the perceptions of medication use among women during their pregnancy. Setting The Capital Region of Denmark. Methods Participants were recruited from social network groups on Facebook and from participants in lectures and antenatal classes for pregnant women in two hospitals. Two focus groups interviews and three individual semi-structured interviews were conducted. The interview guides were based on existing literature and relatively unstructured, with an emphasis on open-ended questions. Interview transcripts were analysed using the phenomenological approach of meaning condensation. Main Outcome measure Pregnant women's' perceptions of medicine including aspects related to their safety feeling of medicines and perceived support from health care professionals. Results The women believed that it is less safe to take medicines during pregnancy, largely due to the risk of the child getting a disease in the future, but also due to the risk of malformation. Lack of clinical tests and uncertainty about how the unborn child reacts to medications were reported causes of these concerns. Most participants were concerned about using medicines and avoided them if possible, including over-the counter medicines. Conversations with physicians had a calming effect although the physicians appeared to be unclear in their guidance regarding dietary supplements. Some women received conflicting information on the Internet. Several suggestions were made about how to reduce uncertainties about the safety of taking medicines during pregnancy. Conclusion Many pregnant women are concerned about how to use medicines. To reduce these concerns and ensure the appropriate use of medicines during pregnancy, initiatives are needed to strengthen evidence-based advice from health care professionals, especially during the first trimester.
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Soltani F, Shafaati S, Aghababaei S, Samiei V, Roshanaei G. The effectiveness of group counseling on prenatal care knowledge and performance of pregnant adolescents in a Kurdish region of Iran. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2018; 33:/j/ijamh.ahead-of-print/ijamh-2018-0108/ijamh-2018-0108.xml. [PMID: 30511931 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh-2018-0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal care in adolescents is one of the most important challenges worldwide, especially in the regions with a specific culture and traditions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of group counseling on knowledge and performance of pregnant adolescents in prenatal care in a Kurdish region in Iran. METHODS This quasi-experimental study was conducted on pregnant adolescents attending in the health centers of Mahabad, a Kurdish city in Iran. Using a multi-stage cluster sampling method, after random selection of four health centers as the intervention and the control, primigravida adolescents with gestational age of 16-20 weeks filled out the demographic and midwifery characteristics questionnaire, as well as a prenatal care knowledge and performance of pregnant adolescents' questionnaire. Then 102 pregnant adolescents (51 people in the control centers and 51 people in the intervention centers), who responded correctly to <50% of the questionnaire items were included in the study. Six sessions of group counseling about prenatal care were held for the intervention group. The control group received the routine prenatal care. Knowledge and performance of pregnant adolescents about prenatal care were compared inter and intra two groups 1 month after the end of the sessions through descriptive-analytic tests including chi-square, independent T and paired T tests. RESULTS In contrast to the control group, the mean scores of adolescents' knowledge about prenatal care increased after the intervention (from 17.51 ± 5.93 to 24.67 ± 5.79) and showed significant difference to the control group (p < 0.05). In addition, the mean scores of adolescent care performance in the intervention group increased (from 5.80 ± 2.19 to 10.33 ± 2.55) and showed significant difference to the control group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The results of the present study show the positive effects of prenatal care counseling on increasing knowledge and improving the performance of pregnant adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Soltani
- Mother and Child Care Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran (Islamic Republic of)
| | - Shahla Shafaati
- Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Student Research Center, Hamadan, Iran (Islamic Republic of)
| | - Soodabeh Aghababaei
- Mother and Child Care Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Fahmideh Ave,Hamadan, Iran (Islamic Republic of)
| | - Vida Samiei
- Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Deputy of Education, Hamadan, Iran (Islamic Republic of)
| | - Ghodratollah Roshanaei
- Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Modeling of Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Hamadan, Iran (Islamic Republic of)
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Navaro M, Vezzosi L, Santagati G, Angelillo IF. Knowledge, attitudes, and practice regarding medication use in pregnant women in Southern Italy. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198618. [PMID: 29920515 PMCID: PMC6007931 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The study assessed knowledge, attitudes, and medication use of a random sample of pregnant women attending outpatient Gynecology and Obstetrics clinics at randomly selected public General and Teaching hospitals in Naples, Italy. A total of 503 women participated. Those more likely to know that a pregnant woman with chronic condition must discuss whether or not to take a medication with the physician were Italian, aged 31-40 years, employed, with no history of abortion, having had a medical problem within the previous year, with a better self-perceived health status, who knew how to use medications during pregnancy, and who needed information on medications. The knowledge of the potential risk of using non-prescribed medications during pregnancy was significantly higher in employed women, who received information from physicians, who knew how to use medications during pregnancy, and who knew the possible damages related to medications use. More than half had used at least one medication. Those aged 26-35 years, Italian, non-graduated, in the third trimester, having had a medical problem within the previous year, with a risky pregnancy, and with a knowledge that women with chronic condition must discuss whether or not to take a medication with the physician were more likely to use medication. Less than half had used medication without a physician's advice. Those who were more likely to self-medicate were older, Italian, multiparous, with no history of abortion, who knew that women with chronic condition must discuss whether or not to take a medication with the physician, who did not know the potential risk of using non-prescribed medication during pregnancy, who had used prescribed medication during pregnancy, and who needed information about medications. Educational programs for women about medication use are important to increase their knowledge of the potential risks to the pregnant women and the unborn child in order to reduce self-medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Navaro
- Department of Experimental Medicine of the University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Vezzosi
- Department of Experimental Medicine of the University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriella Santagati
- Department of Experimental Medicine of the University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Italo Francesco Angelillo
- Department of Experimental Medicine of the University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Leung HY, Saini B, Ritchie HE. Medications and pregnancy: The role of community pharmacists - A descriptive study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195101. [PMID: 29742159 PMCID: PMC5942805 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Safe use of medications during pregnancy requires a comprehensive understanding of risk-benefit profiles for individual treatments. Pharmacists are supported in this aspect by clinical information agencies (e.g. MotherSafe, a telephone-based teratogen information service) and reference texts. To what extent and for what reasons Australian pharmacists utilise these services/resources are yet unknown. Further, debate on replacement of conventionally defined medication safety in pregnancy categories (A, B1-3, C, D, X) by narratively stated safety evidence may affect pharmacists’ routine practice. This study aimed to gauge pharmacists’ experiences and resource needs in undertaking support roles regarding gestational drug use. Methods Semi-structured interviews (audio-recorded or documented using field notes) were performed with community pharmacists in Australia and transcribed verbatim. Inductive thematic analysis was conducted using the NVivo software (Version 11, QSR International). Results Data saturation was achieved with 24 interviews. Qualitative data yielded 5 emergent themes: barriers to effective counselling, patient trust, risk perception, role definition and practice support needs. Overall, participants relied on pregnancy categories, were risk averse and cautious in offering advice. Currently available data for unclassified and category B therapeutic agents (limited human data) were deemed inadequate. Reluctance to use the proposed narrative system was also expressed. Discussion This study highlights key barriers in the provision of maternal care by pharmacists and the potential tension present if the existing category system is replaced by a narrative one. These need to be addressed through training and development of practice support resources to enhance pharmacists’ skills in evidence-based risk estimation and communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoi Ying Leung
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bandana Saini
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Helen E. Ritchie
- Discipline of Biomedical Science, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- * E-mail:
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