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Loekdee C, Jungjamroonrat P, Kongsila T, Lundberg PC, Phoosuwan N. Paternal depressive symptoms and factors associated among expectant fathers in a northeastern province of Thailand. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14983. [PMID: 38951649 PMCID: PMC11217412 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65997-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Globally, depression is a major mental health problem among expectant fathers. Therefore, factors associated with paternal depressive symptoms (PDS) need investigation. This hospital-based cross-sectional study was aimed to investigate the prevalence of and factors associated with PDS among expectant fathers in a northeastern province of Thailand. In the north-eastern province, Sakon Nakhon, 440 expectant fathers from eight hospitals participated in the study by completing a questionnaire related to socio-demographic characteristics, the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), psychosocial factors and social support. An EPDS score of at least eleven out of 30 was interpreted as having PDS. Multivariable linear regression analysis was applied with a statistical significance at 0.05, and the coefficient β was presented. In total, 81 expectant fathers (18.4%, 95% confidence interval 14.6-22.3) had PDS, and the mean (standard deviation) of the EPDS score was 6.65 (4.25). Insufficient money (β = - 0.099, p = 0.016), marital adjustment (β = - 0.098, p = 0.027), self-esteem (β = - 0.150, p < 0.001), wife's stress (β = 0.079, p = 0.049), and expectant father's stress (β = 0.400, p < 0.001) were factors independently associated with PDS. In conclusion, screening expectant fathers during the pregnancy period of their wives is essential, and factors associated with PDS should not be neglected by healthcare providers. Also, there is need of an intervention program to prevent the symptoms, especially for expectant fathers having insufficient money or having stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chattarika Loekdee
- Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University, Chalermphrakiat Sakonnakhon Province Campus, 59/7 Moo 1 Chiangkrua, Muang Sakon Nakhon, Sakon Nakhon, 47000, Thailand
- Bungtawai Subdistrict Administrative Organization, Sakon Nakhon, Thailand
| | - Pajaree Jungjamroonrat
- Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University, Chalermphrakiat Sakonnakhon Province Campus, 59/7 Moo 1 Chiangkrua, Muang Sakon Nakhon, Sakon Nakhon, 47000, Thailand
- Nong Muang Hospital, Lopburi, Thailand
| | - Tanin Kongsila
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pranee C Lundberg
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Uppsala University, Box 564, 751 22, Husargatan 3Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nitikorn Phoosuwan
- Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University, Chalermphrakiat Sakonnakhon Province Campus, 59/7 Moo 1 Chiangkrua, Muang Sakon Nakhon, Sakon Nakhon, 47000, Thailand.
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Uppsala University, Box 564, 751 22, Husargatan 3Uppsala, Sweden.
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Shibeshi K, Lemu Y, Gebretsadik L, Gebretsadik A, Morankar S. Understanding Gender-Based Perception During Pregnancy: A Qualitative Study. Int J Womens Health 2023; 15:1523-1535. [PMID: 37849848 PMCID: PMC10577245 DOI: 10.2147/ijwh.s418653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Gender-based perceptions about maternal health care during pregnancy draw attention to the existence of gender inequity in maternal health care. This study aimed to understand the gender-based perception of gender roles and norms, gender relations, social support, and psychosocial variation in maternal health care during pregnancy. Methods A qualitative study was conducted in three rural districts of Jimma, Ethiopia. Participants were purposefully chosen from the community groups, including male and female health development armies, religious leaders, health extension workers, midwifery nurses, and primary health care unit directors. The data was gathered through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. The actual data was collected by men and women qualitative study experts. Atlas ti Ver 9 was used for the analysis. The data was initially coded then changed to a sub-category and at last converted to a category. Results Four categories emerged: Gender-based roles and norms, psychosocial variation, social support, and gender relations. The informants described men's and women's independent and shared roles improve maternal health care service usage during pregnancy. Once the women became pregnant, men undertook a variety of demanding duties to enhance maternity service consumption. Gender relations and shared decision-making were essential in facilitating maternal healthcare utilization during pregnancy and beyond. Conclusion This study revealed that maternal health care should not be limited to women alone. Men's and women's prior maternal health experiences, in addition to their knowledge and beliefs, have significantly impacted the utilization of maternal healthcare services during pregnancy. Policymakers and academics should consider men's essential contribution to maternal health care during pregnancy. However, in order to increase their intention to use maternal health care services, it is necessary to clearly identify the interests of women in which men should be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ketema Shibeshi
- Dire Dawa University Department of Public Health, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
| | - Yohannes Lemu
- Jimma University Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Lakew Gebretsadik
- Jimma University Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Abebe Gebretsadik
- Jimma University Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Sudhakar Morankar
- Jimma University Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Jimma, Ethiopia
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Bunnatee P, Abdulsalam FI, Phoosuwan N. Factors associated with oral health care behaviors of pregnant women in a northeastern province in Thailand: A hospital-based cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290334. [PMID: 37651430 PMCID: PMC10470968 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral healthcare behavior leads to oral health status. Factors associated with oral healthcare behavior might affect oral hygiene in pregnant women, who are at high risk for gingivitis and dental caries. This study aimed to explore factors associated with oral healthcare behaviors during pregnancy among pregnant women in a northeastern province of Thailand. METHOD A total of 405 pregnant women who attended antenatal care clinics at one of the government hospitals in the province were invited to participate in this cross-sectional study. Dentists in the hospitals measured pregnant women's gingivitis and dental calculus status using mouth mirrors and explorers. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain variables of interest. Linear regression analysis, Beta and 95% confidence interval (CI) were applied. RESULTS The majority were 20-24 years old (33.6%). Most of the participants had received upper secondary education (37.6%). Majority had gingivitis (88.1%) and dental calculus (88.6%). The findings revealed that age (Beta = -0.129, 95%CI = -0.269, -0.016), educational level (Beta = 0.118, 95% CI = 0.110, 0.183), and oral health literacy (Beta = 0.283, 95% CI = 0.156, 0.319) were statistically significant factors associated with oral healthcare behaviors. CONCLUSION Younger pregnant women had better oral healthcare behaviors than older pregnant women and pregnant women had better oral healthcare behaviors due to higher educational levels and oral health literacy. Oral health promotion should be improved through oral health literacy, and interventions should be added to improve oral care skills particularly in older pregnant women as they are at a greater risk for poor oral healthcare behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pimchanok Bunnatee
- Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon, Thailand
- Buengkhonglong Hospital, Buengkan Province, Thailand
| | - Fatima Ibrahim Abdulsalam
- Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon, Thailand
| | - Nitikorn Phoosuwan
- Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon, Thailand
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Kachi Y, Fujiwara T, Inoue A, Baba S, Eguchi H, Ohta H, Tsutsumi A. The effects of pregnancy discrimination on postpartum depressive symptoms: a follow-up study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2022; 22:825. [PMCID: PMC9641687 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-022-05148-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Pregnancy discrimination in the workplace is prevalent worldwide. However, few studies have examined the effects of pregnancy discrimination on mothers’ perinatal mental health. We aimed to investigate the association between pregnancy discrimination and postpartum depressive symptoms, and the mediation effects of prenatal depressive symptoms on this association.
Methods
Our sample consisted of 285 Japanese women employed during pregnancy who completed a baseline online survey in May 2020 and a follow-up mail survey two months postpartum. Pregnancy discrimination was defined as exposure to any of 16 forms of disadvantageous treatment or harassment related to pregnancy, prohibited by national guidelines. Prenatal (assessed at baseline) and postpartum (assessed at follow-up) depressive symptoms were measured using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Multiple linear regression and mediation analyses were performed overall and stratified by regular (permanent) and non-regular (precarious) employees.
Results
Overall, 23.9% of participants experienced pregnancy discrimination during pregnancy. After adjusting for potential confounders, pregnancy discrimination was significantly associated with postpartum depressive symptoms (coefficient 1.76, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.65–2.88). When stratified by employment type, these effects were observable among non-regular employees (coefficient 2.51, 95% CI 0.45–4.57) but not regular employees. Mediation analysis showed that prenatal depressive symptoms mediated 57.1% (95% CI 20.1–94.1%) of the association between pregnancy discrimination and postpartum depressive symptoms among all participants, with a greater effect among non-regular employees (64.1% [95% CI 18.5–109.8%]).
Conclusions
Pregnancy discrimination has adverse effects on postpartum depressive symptoms, partially through prenatal depressive symptoms, especially among non-regular employees. To prevent perinatal depression in female workers, employers should comply with legislation and take preventive measures against pregnancy discrimination, while considering vulnerable employees.
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Hijazi HH, Alyahya MS, Al Abdi RM, Alolayyan MN, Sindiani AM, Raffee LA, Baniissa WA, Al Marzouqi AM. The Impact of Perceived Social Support During Pregnancy on Postpartum Infant-Focused Anxieties: A Prospective Cohort Study of Mothers in Northern Jordan. Int J Womens Health 2021; 13:973-989. [PMID: 34707417 PMCID: PMC8544270 DOI: 10.2147/ijwh.s329487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to evaluate the association between perceived social support during pregnancy and levels of anxiety among postpartum women using an anxiety-specific screening instrument. Methods Using a prospective cohort design, a two-stage methodology was conducted to collect data from women seeking maternal care at the King Abdullah University Hospital in northern Jordan. In the first stage, perceived social support was assessed among pregnant women using the Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey. During the first six months after childbirth, postpartum women were contacted to complete the second stage, wherein their perceptions of infant-focused anxieties were assessed using the Postpartum Specific Anxiety Scale. In our study, two types of infant-focused anxieties were investigated among a final sample of 419 mothers: infant safety and welfare anxieties and practical infant care anxieties. Results The results of multivariate linear regression analysis indicated that providing pregnant women with high levels of emotional support from close social networks (β= −0.08, p= 0.01) and perceiving informational support from health care providers (β= −0.71, p< 0.01) were protective factors for reducing the levels of postpartum anxiety concerning infant safety and welfare. Our findings also demonstrated that pregnant mothers who perceived high informational support from health care providers had a lower level of postpartum anxiety about practical infant care (β= −0.20, p< 0.01). In contrast, mothers who reported receiving high tangible support from close social networks during pregnancy had a significantly higher level of perceived anxiety concerning practical infant care after delivery (β= 0.13, p= 0.02). Conclusion Our study suggests that postpartum anxiety would be reduced if effective informational support were readily available for pregnant women. There is a clear need for building bridges between women, their families, and providers to distinguish the specific type and amount of support that should be provided to mothers during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba H Hijazi
- Department of Health Services Administration, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Health Management and Policy, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mohammad S Alyahya
- Department of Health Management and Policy, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Rabah M Al Abdi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Main N Alolayyan
- Department of Health Management and Policy, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Amer M Sindiani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Liqaa A Raffee
- Department of Accident and Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Wegdan A Baniissa
- Nursing Department, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Amina M Al Marzouqi
- Department of Health Services Administration, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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Massae AF, Larsson M, Leshabari S, Mbekenga C, Pembe AB, Svanberg AS. Predictors of fear of childbirth and depressive symptoms among pregnant women: a cross-sectional survey in Pwani region, Tanzania. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2021; 21:704. [PMID: 34666696 PMCID: PMC8524824 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-021-04169-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many women experience fear of childbirth (FoB) and depressive symptoms (DS) during pregnancy, but little is known about FoB among Tanzanian women. The current study aimed to assess the prevalence of FoB and DS among pregnant women and determine predictors of each and both, focusing on sociodemographic and obstetric predictors. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted at six health facilities in two districts in Tanzania between 2018 and 2019. In total, 694 pregnant women with gestational age between 32 and 40 weeks and expecting vaginal delivery were consecutively recruited and assessed for FoB and DS. We collected data through interviews using 6 and 4-points Likert Scale of the Wijma Delivery Expectancy Questionnaire Version A and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, respectively. Women who scored ≥66 and ≥ 10 were categorised as having FoB and DS, respectively. We performed multivariable logistic regression to investigate the predictors of FoB and DS. RESULTS The prevalence rates of FoB and DS among pregnant women were 15.1 and 17.7%, respectively. FoB and DS were more likely in women aged above 30 years [Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) 6.29, 95%CI 1.43-27.84] and in single mothers (AOR 2.57, 95%CI 1.14-5.78). Women with secondary education and above (AOR 0.22, 95%CI 0.05-0.99) and those who had given birth previously (AOR 0.27, 95% CI 0.09-0.87) were less likely to have FoB in combination with DS Women who had previous obstetric complications, and those who did not receive any social support from male partners in previous childbirth were more likely to have FoB and DS. FoB was strongly associated with DS (AOR 3.42, 95%CI 2.12-5.53). DS only was more common in women who had inadequate income (AOR 2.35, 95%CI 1.38-3.99) or had previously experienced a perineal tear (AOR 2.32, 95%CI 1.31-4.08). CONCLUSIONS Not having a formal education, having only primary education, being aged above 30 years, being single, being nulliparous, having experienced obstetric complications, and having a lack of social support from a male partner during previous pregnancy and childbirth were predictors of FoB and DS during pregnancy. FoB and DS were strongly associated with each other. It is vital to identify at-risk women early, to offer support during pregnancy and childbirth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Fredrick Massae
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
- Department of Community Health Nursing, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
| | - Margareta Larsson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sebalda Leshabari
- Department of Community Health Nursing, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Columba Mbekenga
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, The Aga Khan University, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Andrea Barnabas Pembe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
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Zhang Y, Sun H, Li W, Luo X, Liu T, Fang F, Xiao J, Garg S, Yang Y, Chen Y. Maternal and Paternal Depression During Pregnancy in China: Prevalence, Correlates, and Network Analysis. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2021; 17:2269-2280. [PMID: 34285487 PMCID: PMC8286081 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s321675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a commonly seen mental health concern for mothers and fathers during their transition to parenthood. This study aims to provide new insights into the prevalence of maternal and paternal depression, its demographic and clinical correlates, and its symptom network among Chinese pregnant women and their partners. METHODS In this multicenter, cross-sectional study, 769 pregnant women and their partners were assessed by Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) from June 15th to Sep 15th, 2020 in southern China. Convenient sampling method was used. Univariate analyses, multivariate logistic regression, and network analyses were conducted. Networks of maternal and paternal depression were compared. RESULTS In total, 60 (EPDS total score ≥13, 7.80%, 95% CI: 5.90-9.70%) women and 23 (2.99%, 95% CI: 1.78-4.20%) of these women's partners reported depression. Physical comorbidities (OR=2.664, P=0.003) was the only factor that was found to significantly correlate with maternal depression. Network analyses showed that the resulting networks were well connected and that there was significant difference of network structure between maternal and paternal depression (M=0.330, P<0.001). Centrality plot indicated that "sad or miserable" (strength=1.097) was the most central symptom in the maternal depression network, while "scared or panicky" (strength=1.091) was the most central node in the paternal network. The edge between "things have been getting on top of me" - "able to laugh and see the funny side of things" (difference: 0.153, P=0.020), and "scared or panicky" - "the thought of harming myself" (difference: 0.084, P<0.001) was significantly stronger in women's partners than that in pregnant women. CONCLUSION Maternal and paternal depression during pregnancy could result in significant negative consequences. Symptoms like "sad or miserable" and "scared or panicky" are critical and might be potential targets for further interventions. Evidence-based treatments, such as pharmacology, psychotherapy, community reinforcement and family training, might be beneficial for parents with depression during and after the pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfu Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hengwen Sun
- Department of Radiotherapy, Cancer Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wengao Li
- Department of Psychiatry, 999 Brain Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian Luo
- Department of Psychiatry, Southern Medical University Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Southern Medical University Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Fang
- School of Nursing, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Julan Xiao
- School of Nursing, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Samradhvi Garg
- School of Health in Social Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Yuan Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Southern Medical University Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Chen
- School of Nursing, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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Phoosuwan N, Lundberg PC. Knowledge, attitude and self-efficacy program intended to improve public health professionals' ability to identify and manage perinatal depressive symptoms: a quasi-experimental study. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1926. [PMID: 33380321 PMCID: PMC7774237 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-10086-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the perinatal period women lack screening and treatments for perinatal depressive symptoms, while public health professionals (PHPs) in primary care centres (PCCs) need training for identification and management of such symptoms. This quasi-experimental study was aimed at evaluating knowledge, attitudes and self-efficacy among PHPs after participating in a Knowledge, Attitude, and Self-efficacy (KAS) program for identification and management of perinatal depressive symptoms. METHOD The KAS-program, carried through in Sakonnakhon in north-eastern Thailand, comprised one day of theory and a four-week period of field practice. Thirty-three PHPs from PCCs participated in the program. Twenty-three of them participated in focus group discussions (FGDs). Chi-square for trend, paired-sample T-tests and content analysis were used. RESULTS Knowledge, attitude and self-efficacy scores increased after the PHPs had fully participated in the KAS-program. Four categories emerged from the FGDs: increased understanding and knowledge, being aware and having a positive attitude, having confidence and ability to work, and need of regular training and feedback. CONCLUSION The KAS-program may contribute to giving PHPs in PCCs the knowledge, positive attitude and self-efficacy they need to identify and manage perinatal depressive symptoms. Implementation of the KAS-program to other healthcare professionals such as nurses/midwives is great of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitikorn Phoosuwan
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Uppsala University, BMC, Husargatan 3, Box 564, 751 22, Uppsala, Sweden.
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakonnakhon Province Campus, Chiang Khruea sub-district, Muang Sakon Nakhon, Sakon Nakhon Province, Thailand.
| | - Pranee C Lundberg
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Uppsala University, BMC, Husargatan 3, Box 564, 751 22, Uppsala, Sweden
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Tuksanawes P, Kaewkiattikun K, Kerdcharoen N. Prevalence and Associated Factors of Antenatal Depressive Symptoms in Pregnant Women Living in an Urban Area of Thailand. Int J Womens Health 2020; 12:849-858. [PMID: 33116934 PMCID: PMC7573318 DOI: 10.2147/ijwh.s278872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Depression is a major public health problem in middle- and low-income countries. Depression in pregnancy has adverse effects on obstetric outcomes. Maternal depression remains under-recognized, under-diagnosed and undertreated in Thailand. Antenatal screening of depression is an important strategy to improve maternal and neonatal outcomes. This problem has rarely been investigated in Thailand, especially in urban areas. Objective To discover the prevalence, associated factors, and predictive factors of depression in pregnant women living in an urban area. Materials and Methods This cross-sectional study of 402 pregnant women was conducted during antenatal care at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok, Thailand, from 10 September to 31 November 2019. The participants were interviewed using a structured questionnaire that included a demographic profile, obstetric conditions, socio-cultural characteristics, and a Thai language version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale to assess depressive symptoms. Results Among a total 402 pregnant women, the prevalence of depressive symptoms in pregnant women in an urban area was 18.9%. Depressive symptoms in pregnant women were significantly associated with divorce (p < 0.001), low family income (p < 0.03), financial insufficiency (p < 0.001), extended family (p < 0.001), history of previous abortion (p = 0.033), history of previous pregnancy complications (p = 0.044), current alcohol use (p = 0.03), current tobacco use (p = 0.009), current substance abuse (p = 0.002), marital conflict (p < 0.001), and family conflict (p < 0.001). The significant factors predicting depression in pregnant women were extended family (AOR 3.0, 95% CI 1.59–5.51, p=0.001) and marital conflict (AOR 4.7, 95% CI 2.37–9.11, p<0.001). Conclusion This study revealed that the prevalence of depressive symptoms in pregnant women living in an urban area in Thailand was 18.9%. The significant associated factors of depressive symptoms were divorce, low family income, financial insufficiency, extended family, previous abortion, previous pregnancy complications, current alcohol use, current tobacco use, current substance abuse, marital conflict, and family conflict. Extended family and marital conflict were significant predictive factors for antenatal depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawanruj Tuksanawes
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Navamindradriraj University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kasemsis Kaewkiattikun
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Navamindradriraj University, Bangkok, Thailand
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