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Moreira TCL, Polizel JL, Réquia WJ, Saldiva PHN, Silva Filho DFD, Saldiva SRDM, Mauad T. Effects of land cover and air pollution on the risk of preterm births. Rev Saude Publica 2024; 58:08. [PMID: 38477779 PMCID: PMC10926984 DOI: 10.11606/s1518-8787.2024058005504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between gestational age and green areas, urban built areas, and the concentration of particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) in the city of São Paulo, analyzing the irregular distribution of these areas and pollution levels above the recommended level. METHODS The study population consisted of a cohort of live births from 2012, and data from the Live Birth Information System (Sinasc) of the city of São Paulo were used. Using satellite images and supervised classification, the distribution and quantity of green areas and built areas in the city of São Paulo was obtained, as well as the concentrations of PM2.5. Logistic regressions were used to obtain possible associations. RESULTS The results of the study show that a lower percentage of green areas is significantly associated with a higher chance of preterm births. A higher building density was positively associated with the odds ratio for preterm birth. We did not find any significant associations between air pollution (PM2.5) and preterm births. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study show that greener areas are less associated with preterm births when compared with less green areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiana C L Moreira
- Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Medicina. Departamento de Patologia. São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jefferson L Polizel
- Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz". Departamento de Ciências Florestais. Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Weeberb J Réquia
- Fundação Getúlio Vargas. Escola de Políticas Públicas e Governo. Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Demostenes F da Silva Filho
- Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz". Departamento de Ciências Florestais. Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Thais Mauad
- Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Medicina. Departamento de Patologia. São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Kamga SLS, Ali IM, Ngangnang GR, Ulucesme MC, Keptcheu LTD, Keming EM, Tchuenkam VPK, Foyet JV, Aktas M, Noubom M, Payne VK. Uptake of intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy and risk factors for maternal anaemia and low birthweight among HIV-negative mothers in Dschang, West region of Cameroon: a cross sectional study. Malar J 2024; 23:6. [PMID: 38178125 PMCID: PMC10768405 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-023-04816-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately 32 million pregnant women are at risk of malaria with up to 10,000 maternal deaths and 200,000 neonates at risk annually. Intermittent Preventive Treatment (IPT) with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) is recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) to reduce disease in pregnancy and adverse maternal and newborn outcomes. At least three doses of SP should be taken by pregnant women during antenatal consultation (ANC) beginning from the thirteenth week of pregnancy till parturition. The aim of this study was to assess uptake of IPT during pregnancy and risk factors for maternal anaemia and infant birth weight in Dschang, West region of Cameroon. METHODS A total of 380 consenting pregnant women at delivery were recruited in a cross- sectional prospective survey between January to December 2021. Data on ANC attendance, total dose of IPT and history of malaria were abstracted from hospital ANC records while socio-demographic characteristics, bed net use and obstetrics history of each participant were also recorded through an interview. Further, blood samples were collected from the intervillous space for assessment of maternal anaemia and microscopic parasitology. Nested PCR based on amplification of the Plasmodium 18S sRNA was carried out to detect submicroscopic infection. IPTp coverage was calculated per WHO recommendation and the prevalence of anaemia and low birth weight were estimated as proportions in the total sample of pregnant women and live births, respectively. Crude and adjusted odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals were used to estimate associations between pregnancy outcomes considered and risk factors in specific and general models. A p < 0.05 was considered significant. The R software (V4.1.4) was used for all analyses. RESULTS A majority of pregnant women was aged between 24 and 34 years old (59.2%) and had secondary education (58.8%). Uptake of ≥ 3 IPTp was 64.99% with 77.20% of all who received at least one IPTp doses taking a mix of SP and DP or DP alone in successive ANC contacts. Those with four or more ANC contacts (73.42%) were more likely to have received at least one IPTp. Furthermore, 13.9% of live births had low birthweights (BW < 2500 g) and one in four parturient women with moderate anaemia by WHO criteria. Microscopy (blood smear examination) and PCR-based diagnosis revealed between 0% and 1.57% of parasite-infected placental samples, respectively. Reported malaria in pregnancy predicted maternal anaemia at birth but not birth weight. Only gestational age (< 37 weeks) and bed net use (< 5 months) significantly predicted infant birth weight at delivery. CONCLUSION The uptake of WHO recommended IPT doses during pregnancy was moderately high. Reported malaria in pregnancy, poor bed net coverage, gestational age less than 37 weeks adversely affect maternal haemoglobin levels at birth and infant birth weight. Asymptomatic and submicroscopic placental parasite infections was found at low prevalence. Together these results highlight the importance of maintaining aggressive measures to prevent malaria in pregnancy and protect the health of mother and baby.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Lynda Simo Kamga
- Research Unit of Biology and Applied Ecology, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Innocent Mbulli Ali
- Research Unit of Microbiology and Antimicrobial Substances, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon.
- The Biotechnology Centre, University of Yaounde 1, Yaounde, Cameroon.
| | - Ghislain Romeo Ngangnang
- Research Unit of Biology and Applied Ecology, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Mehmet Can Ulucesme
- Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, Department of Parasitology, University of Firät, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Leonard T D Keptcheu
- Research Unit of Biology and Applied Ecology, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Eva Mai Keming
- Research Unit of Microbiology and Antimicrobial Substances, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
- The Biotechnology Centre, University of Yaounde 1, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Valery-Pacome Kom Tchuenkam
- Research Unit of Microbiology and Antimicrobial Substances, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
- The Biotechnology Centre, University of Yaounde 1, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Juluis Visnel Foyet
- Research Unit of Biology and Applied Ecology, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Münir Aktas
- Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, Department of Parasitology, University of Firät, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Michel Noubom
- Department of Clinical Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Vincent K Payne
- Research Unit of Biology and Applied Ecology, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon.
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Caldas ADR, Nobre AA, Brickley E, Alexander N, Werneck GL, Farias YN, Garcia Barreto Ferrão CT, Tavares FG, Pantoja LDN, Duarte MCDL, Cardoso AM. How, what, and why: housing, water & sanitation and wealth patterns in a cross-sectional study of the Guarani Birth Cohort, the first Indigenous birth cohort in Brazil. LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. AMERICAS 2023; 21:100496. [PMID: 37214221 PMCID: PMC10193232 DOI: 10.1016/j.lana.2023.100496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Background Despite the importance of social determinants of health, studies on the effects of socioeconomic, sanitary, and housing conditions on Indigenous child health are scarce worldwide. This study aims to identify patterns in housing, water & sanitation, and wealth (HSW) in the first Indigenous birth cohort in Brazil-The Guarani Birth Cohort. Methods Cross-sectional study using baseline data from The Guarani Birth Cohort. We used Multiple Correspondence Analysis and Cluster Analysis. The clusters identified were ordered in increasing degrees of access to public policies and wealth, defining the patterns of HSW. Finally, we explored the association between the patterns and one of the health outcomes, hospitalization, in the birth cohort. Findings Three patterns were identified for housing and water & sanitation, and four for wealth status, resulting in 36 combinations of patterns (3 × 3 × 4). More than 62% of children in the cohort were found with the lowest wealth patterns. The distribution of children across patterns in one dimension was not fully determined by the other two dimensions. Statistically significant associations were found between precarious households and extreme poverty, and hospitalization. Interpretation We observed substantial heterogeneity in the distribution of children across the 36 combinations. These findings highlight that, should the dimensions of HSW be associated with health outcomes, as seen for hospitalization, they should be considered separately in multivariable models, in order to improve the estimation of their independent effects. Funding National Council for Scientific and Technological Development, Brazil (CNPq); Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Brazil (Fiocruz); Research Foundation of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (FAPERJ).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aline Araújo Nobre
- Scientific Computing Program, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth Brickley
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Neal Alexander
- Institute of Studies in Public Health, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Felipe Guimarães Tavares
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Collective Health, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
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Barreto CTG, Tavares FG, Theme-Filha M, Farias YN, de Nazaré Pantoja L, Cardoso AM. Correction to: Low birthweight, prematurity, and intrauterine growth restriction: results from the baseline data of the first indigenous birth cohort in Brazil (Guarani Birth Cohort). BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2020; 20:781. [PMID: 33380313 PMCID: PMC7772917 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-020-03491-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Tatiana Garcia Barreto
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Av. Marechal Rondon, 381. São Francisco Xavier, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP: 20950-000, Brasil.
- Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
| | - Felipe Guimarães Tavares
- Escola de Enfermagem Aurora de Afonso Costa. Faculdade de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brasil
| | - Mariza Theme-Filha
- Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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