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Rai V, Aggarwal SK, Verma SS, Awasthee N, Dhasmana A, Aggarwal S, Das SN, Nair MS, Yadav S, Gupta SC. Epoxyazadiradione exhibit activities in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma by targeting multiple pathways. Apoptosis 2020; 25:763-782. [PMID: 32894380 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-020-01633-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) constitute about 90% of all head and neck cancers. HNSCC falls in the top 10 cancers in men globally. Epoxyazadiradione (EPA) and Azadiradione (AZA) are the limonoids derived from the medicinal plant Azadirachta indica (popularly known as Neem). Whether or not the limonoids exhibit activities against HNSCC and the associated mechanism remains elusive. Herein, we demonstrate that EPA exhibits stronger activity in HNSCC in comparison to AZA. The limonoids obeyed the Lipinski's rule of 5. EPA exhibited activities in a variety of HNSCC lines like suppression of the proliferation and the induction of apoptosis. The limonoid suppressed the level of proteins associated with anti-apoptosis (survivin, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL), proliferation (cyclin D1), and invasion (MMP-9). Further, the expression of proapoptotic Bax and caspase-9 cleavage was induced by the limonoid. Exposure of EPA induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in the FaDu cells. N-acetyl-L-cysteine (ROS scavenger) abrogated the down-regulation of tumorigenic proteins caused by EPA exposure. EPA induced NOX-5 while suppressing the expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). Further, hydrogen peroxide induced NF-κB-p65 nuclear translocation and EPA inhibited the translocation. Finally, EPA modulated the expression of lncRNAs in HNSCC lines. Overall, these results have shown that EPA exhibit activities against HNSCC by targeting multiple cancer related signalling molecules. Currently, we are evaluating the efficacy of this molecule in mice models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipin Rai
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Sushil Kumar Aggarwal
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221 005, India
| | - Sumit Singh Verma
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Nikee Awasthee
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Anupam Dhasmana
- Department of Biosciences, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Jolly Grant, Dehradun, 248 016, India
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, USA
| | - Sadhna Aggarwal
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Satya N Das
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
- Emeritus Scientist, Indian Council of Medical Research, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Mangalam S Nair
- Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Sanjay Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli, 229405, India
| | - Subash C Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
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Yang J, Liu D, Khatri KS, Wang J, Zhang G, Meng C, Guan J. Prognostic value of toll-like receptor 4 and nuclear factor-κBp65 in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2016; 122:753-764.e1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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