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Yu PJ, Zhou M, Liu Y, Du J. Senescent T Cells in Age-Related Diseases. Aging Dis 2024:AD.2024.0219. [PMID: 38502582 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2024.0219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Age-induced alterations in human immunity are often considered deleterious and are referred to as immunosenescence. The immune system monitors the number of senescent cells in the body, while immunosenescence may represent the initiation of systemic aging. Immune cells, particularly T cells, are the most impacted and involved in age-related immune function deterioration, making older individuals more prone to different age-related diseases. T-cell senescence can impact the effectiveness of immunotherapies that rely on the immune system's function, including vaccines and adoptive T-cell therapies. The research and practice of using senescent T cells as therapeutic targets to intervene in age-related diseases are in their nascent stages. Therefore, in this review, we summarize recent related literature to investigate the characteristics of senescent T cells as well as their formation mechanisms, relationship with various aging-related diseases, and means of intervention. The primary objective of this article is to explore the prospects and possibilities of therapeutically targeting senescent T cells, serving as a valuable resource for the development of immunotherapy and treatment of age-related diseases.
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Hou C, Wang Z, Lu X. Impact of immunosenescence and inflammaging on the effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors. CANCER PATHOGENESIS AND THERAPY 2024; 2:24-30. [PMID: 38328711 PMCID: PMC10846300 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpt.2023.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are employed in immunotherapeutic applications for patients with weakened immune systems and can improve the ability of T cells to kill cancer cells. Although ICIs can potentially treat different types of cancers in various groups of patients, their effectiveness may differ among older individuals. The reason ICIs are less effective in older adults is not yet clearly understood, but age-related changes in the immune system, such as immunosenescence and inflammation, may play a role. Therefore, this review focuses on recent advances in understanding the effects of immunosenescence and inflammation on the efficacy of ICIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuandong Hou
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China
- Department of Hematology, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Zining Wang
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China
- Department of Hematology, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xuechun Lu
- Department of Hematology, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
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Wang L, Zhou J, Yu X, Su C. Immune checkpoint inhibitors in elderly patients with lung cancer: evidence from phase 3 trials. Curr Opin Oncol 2024; 36:35-43. [PMID: 37975311 DOI: 10.1097/cco.0000000000001006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In this article, we aimed to summarize the results from recent phase III clinical trials that have evaluated the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in elderly patients with lung cancer. RECENT FINDINGS Lung cancer is the second most diagnosed malignant tumor and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. ICIs have a significant role in the treatment of lung cancer, both as monotherapy and combination therapy prolonged survival benefits. At present, a significant proportion of clinical patients comprise individuals aged 70 years or older. However, the inclusion of elderly patients, particularly in clinical trials involving immunotherapy, remains inadequate, with a limited number of participants from this age group. The lack of evidence regarding the use of ICIs in elderly patients is primarily attributed to the significant underrepresentation of elderly individuals in clinical trials. SUMMARY In this article, we summarize the results from recent phase III clinical trials that have evaluated the use of ICIs as first-line or second-line monotherapy, in combination with chemotherapy and other immunotherapies in elderly patients with lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology
| | | | - Xin Yu
- Department of Medical Oncology
| | - Chunxia Su
- Department of Medical Oncology
- Department of Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital & Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
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Kasamatsu T. Implications of Senescent T Cells for Cancer Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5835. [PMID: 38136380 PMCID: PMC10742305 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15245835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
T-cell senescence is thought to result from the age-related loss of the ability to mount effective responses to pathogens and tumor cells. In addition to aging, T-cell senescence is caused by repeated antigenic stimulation and chronic inflammation. Moreover, we demonstrated that T-cell senescence was induced by treatment with DNA-damaging chemotherapeutic agents. The characteristics of therapy-induced senescent T (TIS-T) cells and general senescent T cells are largely similar. Senescent T cells demonstrate an increase in the senescence-associated beta-galactosidase-positive population, cell cycle arrest, secretion of senescence-associated secretory phenotypic factors, and metabolic reprogramming. Furthermore, senescent T cells downregulate the expression of the co-stimulatory molecules CD27 and CD28 and upregulate natural killer cell-related molecules. Moreover, TIS-T cells showed increased PD-1 expression. However, the loss of proliferative capacity and decreased expression of co-stimulatory molecules associated with T-cell senescence cause a decrease in T-cell immunocompetence. In this review, we discuss the characteristics of senescent T-cells, including therapy-induced senescent T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuhiro Kasamatsu
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi 371-8514, Gunma, Japan
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Naigeon M, Roulleaux Dugage M, Danlos FX, Boselli L, Jouniaux JM, de Oliveira C, Ferrara R, Duchemann B, Berthot C, Girard L, Flippot R, Albiges L, Farhane S, Saulnier P, Lacroix L, Griscelli F, Roman G, Hulett T, Marabelle A, Cassard L, Besse B, Chaput N. Human virome profiling identified CMV as the major viral driver of a high accumulation of senescent CD8 + T cells in patients with advanced NSCLC. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadh0708. [PMID: 37939189 PMCID: PMC10631735 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh0708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Circulating senescent CD8+ T (T8sen) cells are characterized by a lack of proliferative capacities but retain cytotoxic activity and have been associated to resistance to immunotherapy in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (aNSCLC). We aimed to better characterize T8sen and to determine which factors were associated with their accumulation in patients with aNSCLC. Circulating T8sen cells were characterized by a higher expression of SA-βgal and the transcription factor T-bet, confirming their senescent status. Using whole virome profiling, cytomegalovirus (CMV) was the only virus associated with T8sen. CMV was necessary but not sufficient to explain high accumulation of T8sen (T8senhigh status). In CMV+ patients, the proportion of T8sen cells increased with cancer progression. Last, CMV-induced T8senhigh phenotype but not CMV seropositivity itself was associated with worse progression-free and overall survival in patients treated with anti-PD-(L)1 therapy but not with chemotherapy. Overall, CMV is the unique viral driver of T8sen-driven resistance to anti-PD-(L)1 antibodies in patients with aNSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Naigeon
- Laboratoire d'Immunomonitoring en Oncologie, INSERM US23, CNRS UMS 3655, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Matthieu Roulleaux Dugage
- Laboratoire d'Immunomonitoring en Oncologie, INSERM US23, CNRS UMS 3655, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Service d’Oncologie Médicale, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Département d’Innovation Thérapeutique et d’Essais Précoces (DITEP), Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - François-Xavier Danlos
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Département d’Innovation Thérapeutique et d’Essais Précoces (DITEP), Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Laboratoire de Recherche Translationnelle en Immunothérapie (LRTI), INSERM U1015 and Centre d’Investigation Clinique BIOTHERIS, INSERM CIC1428, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Lisa Boselli
- Laboratoire d'Immunomonitoring en Oncologie, INSERM US23, CNRS UMS 3655, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Jean-Mehdi Jouniaux
- Laboratoire d'Immunomonitoring en Oncologie, INSERM US23, CNRS UMS 3655, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Caroline de Oliveira
- Laboratoire d'Immunomonitoring en Oncologie, INSERM US23, CNRS UMS 3655, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Roberto Ferrara
- Laboratoire d'Immunomonitoring en Oncologie, INSERM US23, CNRS UMS 3655, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Boris Duchemann
- Laboratoire d'Immunomonitoring en Oncologie, INSERM US23, CNRS UMS 3655, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Département d’oncologie thoracique et médicale, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Seine-Saint-Denis, Hôpital Avicenne, AP-HP, Bobigny, France
| | - Caroline Berthot
- Laboratoire d'Immunomonitoring en Oncologie, INSERM US23, CNRS UMS 3655, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Lou Girard
- Laboratoire d'Immunomonitoring en Oncologie, INSERM US23, CNRS UMS 3655, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Ronan Flippot
- Laboratoire d'Immunomonitoring en Oncologie, INSERM US23, CNRS UMS 3655, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Laurence Albiges
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Département de Médecine Oncologique, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Siham Farhane
- Département d’Innovation Thérapeutique et d’Essais Précoces (DITEP), Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Laboratoire de Recherche Translationnelle en Immunothérapie (LRTI), INSERM U1015 and Centre d’Investigation Clinique BIOTHERIS, INSERM CIC1428, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Ludovic Lacroix
- AMMICa, UAR 3655/US23, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Département de Biologie Médicale et Pathologie Médicales, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Frank Griscelli
- Département de Biologie Médicale et Pathologie Médicales, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Gabriel Roman
- CDI Laboratories Inc., 1 N. Haven Street, Suite B001, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Tyler Hulett
- CDI Laboratories Inc., 1 N. Haven Street, Suite B001, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Aurélien Marabelle
- Département d’Innovation Thérapeutique et d’Essais Précoces (DITEP), Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Laboratoire de Recherche Translationnelle en Immunothérapie (LRTI), INSERM U1015 and Centre d’Investigation Clinique BIOTHERIS, INSERM CIC1428, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Lydie Cassard
- Laboratoire d'Immunomonitoring en Oncologie, INSERM US23, CNRS UMS 3655, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Benjamin Besse
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Département de Médecine Oncologique, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Nathalie Chaput
- Laboratoire d'Immunomonitoring en Oncologie, INSERM US23, CNRS UMS 3655, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
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Kasamatsu T, Awata-Shiraiwa M, Ishihara R, Murakami Y, Masuda Y, Gotoh N, Oda T, Yokohama A, Matsumura I, Handa H, Tsukamoto N, Murakami H, Saitoh T. Sub-lethal doses of chemotherapeutic agents induce senescence in T cells and upregulation of PD-1 expression. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:2695-2703. [PMID: 36913034 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-023-01034-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a stable cell cycle arrest, usually in response to internal and/or external stress, including telomere dysfunction, abnormal cellular growth, and DNA damage. Several chemotherapeutic drugs, such as melphalan (MEL) and doxorubicin (DXR), induce cellular senescence in cancer cells. However, it is not clear whether these drugs induce senescence in immune cells. We evaluated the induction of cellular senescence in T cells were derived from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) in healthy donors using sub-lethal doses of chemotherapeutic agents. The PBMNCs were kept overnight in RPMI 1640 medium with 2% phytohemagglutinin and 10% fetal bovine serum and then cultured in RPMI 1640 with 20 ng/mL IL-2 and sub-lethal doses of chemotherapeutic drugs (2 μM MEL and 50 nM DXR) for 48 h. Sub-lethal doses of chemotherapeutic agents induced phenotypes associated with senescence, such as the formation of γH2AX nuclear foci, cell proliferation arrest, and induction of senescence-associated beta-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) activity, (control vs. MEL, DXR; median mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) 1883 (1130-2163) vs. 2233 (1385-2254), 2406.5 (1377-3119), respectively) in T cells. IL6 and SPP1 mRNA, which are senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) factors, were significantly upregulated by sublethal doses of MEL and DXR compared to the control (P = 0.043 and 0.018, respectively). Moreover, sub-lethal doses of chemotherapeutic agents significantly enhanced the expression of programmed death 1 (PD-1) on CD3 + CD4 + and CD3 + CD8 + T cells compared to the control (CD4 + T cells; P = 0.043, 0.043, and 0.043, respectively, CD8 + T cells; P = 0.043, 0.043, and 0.043, respectively). Our results suggest that sub-lethal doses of chemotherapeutic agents induce senescence in T cells and tumor immunosuppression by upregulating PD-1 expression on T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuhiro Kasamatsu
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 3-39-22 Showa-Machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8514, Japan.
| | - Maaya Awata-Shiraiwa
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 3-39-22 Showa-Machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8514, Japan
- Gunma University of Health and Welfare, 191-1 Kawamagari-Cho, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-0823, Japan
| | - Rei Ishihara
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 3-39-22 Showa-Machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8514, Japan
- Gunma University of Health and Welfare, 191-1 Kawamagari-Cho, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-0823, Japan
| | - Yuki Murakami
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 3-39-22 Showa-Machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8514, Japan
- Gunma University of Health and Welfare, 191-1 Kawamagari-Cho, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-0823, Japan
| | - Yuta Masuda
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 3-39-22 Showa-Machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8514, Japan
- Gunma University of Health and Welfare, 191-1 Kawamagari-Cho, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-0823, Japan
| | - Nanami Gotoh
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 3-39-22 Showa-Machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8514, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Oda
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, 3-39-22 Showa-Machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Akihiko Yokohama
- Blood Transfusion Service, Gunma University Hospital, 3-39-15 Showa-Machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Ikuko Matsumura
- Department of Hematology, Gunma University, 3-39-22 Showa-Machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-0034, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Handa
- Department of Hematology, Gunma University, 3-39-22 Showa-Machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-0034, Japan
| | - Norifumi Tsukamoto
- Oncology Center, Gunma University Hospital, 3-39-15 Showa-Machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Murakami
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 3-39-22 Showa-Machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8514, Japan
- Gunma University of Health and Welfare, 191-1 Kawamagari-Cho, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-0823, Japan
| | - Takayuki Saitoh
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 3-39-22 Showa-Machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8514, Japan
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Leonhard J, Schaier M, Kälble F, Zeier M, Steinborn A. Exhaustion of CD8 + central memory responder T cell differentiation provokes non-melanoma skin cancer in elderly kidney transplant recipients. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1164284. [PMID: 37287988 PMCID: PMC10242110 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1164284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Immunosuppressive therapy prevents graft rejection but increases the risk of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC), especially in elderly kidney transplant recipients (KTR). Methods In this study, we separately investigated the differentiation of CD8+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) and responder T cells (Tresps) between healthy KTR without NMSC, KTR developing de-novo NMSC within two years after the enrolment, and KTR with NMSC at the time of enrolment. Antigen-unexperienced CCR7+CD45RA+CD31+ recent thymic emigrant (RTE) cells differentiate via CD45RA-CD31+ memory (CD31+ memory) cells, via resting mature naïve (MN) cells or via direct proliferation into CD45RA-CD31- memory (CD31- memory) cells, consisting of both CCR7+CD45RA- central memory (CM) and CCR7-CD45RA- effector memory (EM) cells. Results We found that both RTE Treg and Tresp differentiation via CD31+ memory Tregs/Tresps was age-independently increased in KTR, who developed de novo NMSC during the follow-up period, causing abundant CM Treg/Tresp production, which may be crucial for cancer immunity. These changes favored a strongly increased CD8+ Treg/Tresp ratio, suggesting this ratio as a reliable marker for de-novo NMSC development in KTR. However, with age, this differentiation was replaced by increased conversion of resting MN Tregs/Tresps into CM Tregs/Tresps, which exhausted for Tresps but not for Tregs. In KTR with already existing NMSC at enrolment, differentiation was maintained via conversion and proliferation of resting MN Tregs/Tresps, which however increasingly exhausted with age, especially for Tresps. This resulted in a strong accumulation of terminally differentiated effector memory (TEMRA) Tresps in elderly individuals. Patients with NMSC recurrence showed increased proliferation of resting MN Tregs/Tresps into EM Tregs/Tresps, which tended to exhaust more rapidly, particularly for Tresps, than in patients without NMSC recurrence. Discussion In conclusion, we provide evidence that immunosuppressive therapy inhibits differentiation of CD8+ Tregs more than that of CD8+ Tresps, resulting in an exhausted Tresp profile, thus providing a possible therapeutic approach to improve poor cancer immunity in elderly KTR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Leonhard
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Nephrology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Schaier
- Department of Nephrology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian Kälble
- Department of Nephrology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Zeier
- Department of Nephrology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrea Steinborn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Immunotherapy in Elderly Patients Affected by Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Narrative Review. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12051833. [PMID: 36902620 PMCID: PMC10003062 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12051833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for approximately 80% of all lung cancers, and most NSCLC is diagnosed in the advanced stage. The advent of immune check point inhibitors (ICIs) changed the therapeutic scenario both in metastatic disease (in first and subsequent lines) and earlier settings. Comorbidities, reduced organ function, cognitive deterioration, and social impairment give reasons for a greater probability of adverse events, making the treatment of elderly patients challenging. The reduced toxicity of ICIs compared to standard chemotherapy makes this approach attractive in this population. The effectiveness of ICIs varies according to age, and patients older than 75 years may benefit less than younger patients. This may be related to the so-called immunosenescence, a phenomenon that refers to the reduced activity of immunity with older age. Elders are often under-represented in clinical trials, even if they are a large part of the patients in a clinical practice. In this review, we aim to explore the biological aspects of immunosenescence and to report and analyze the most relevant and recent literature findings on the role of immunotherapy in elderly patients with NSCLC.
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Roulleaux Dugage M, Albarrán-Artahona V, Laguna JC, Chaput N, Vignot S, Besse B, Mezquita L, Auclin E. Biomarkers of response to immunotherapy in early stage non-small cell lung cancer. Eur J Cancer 2023; 184:179-196. [PMID: 36963241 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2023.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy with immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting programmed cell death 1 or programmed death-ligand 1 has revolutionised the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and has been investigated in early NSCLC, alone or in combination with chemotherapy, anti-CTLA-4 antibodies and radiotherapy. Although more mature data are needed before setting a change of paradigm in early stages, reports of pathological response rates and disease-free survival are promising, especially with neoadjuvant multimodality approaches. Nevertheless, major pathological response rates for neoadjuvant anti-PD-(L)1 monotherapy rarely exceed 40%, and biomarkers for characterising patients who may benefit the most from ICIs are lacking. These biomarkers have a distinct value from the metastatic setting, with highly different tumour biologies. Among the most investigated so far in this context, programmed death-ligand 1 expression and, to a lesser extent, tumour mutational burden seem to correlate better with higher pathological response rates and survival. Epidermal growth factor receptor, Serine/Threonine Kinase 11and Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 mutations rise as essential determinations for the treatment selection in early-stage NSCLC. Emerging and promising approaches comprise evaluation of blood-based ratios, microbiota, and baseline intratumoural TCR clonality. Circulating tumour DNA will be of great help in the near future when selecting best candidates for adjuvant ICIs, monitoring the tumour response to the neoadjuvant treatment in order to improve the rates of complete resections in the early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Roulleaux Dugage
- Department of Oncology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France; Laboratoire D'Immunomonitoring en Oncologie, INSERM US23, CNRS UMS 3655, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, Île-de-France, France
| | - Víctor Albarrán-Artahona
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Spain; Laboratory of Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Nathalie Chaput
- Laboratoire D'Immunomonitoring en Oncologie, INSERM US23, CNRS UMS 3655, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, Île-de-France, France
| | | | - Benjamin Besse
- Department of Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, Île-de-France, France
| | - Laura Mezquita
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Spain; Laboratory of Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Edouard Auclin
- Department of Oncology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.
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10
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Alexa-Stratulat T, Pavel-Tanasa M, Cianga VA, Antoniu S. Immune senescence in non-small cell lung cancer management: therapeutic relevance, biomarkers, and mitigating approaches. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2022; 22:1197-1210. [PMID: 36270650 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2022.2139242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lung cancer and mainly non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) still remain a prevalent malignancy worldwide despite sustained screening approaches. Furthermore, a significant proportion of the cases are diagnosed at advanced stages when conservative therapy is often unsuccessful. Cell senescence is an endogenous antitumor weapon but when it is upregulated exerts opposite activities favoring tumor metastasizing and poor response to therapy. However, little is known about this dangerous relationship between cell senescence and NSCLC outcome or on potential approaches to mitigate its unfavorable consequences. AREAS COVERED We discuss cell senescence focusing on immune senescence, its cell and humoral effectors (namely immune senescence associated secretory phenotype-iSASP), its impact on NSCLC outcome, and its biomarkers. Senotherapeutics as mitigating approaches are also considered based on the availability of experimental data pertinent to NSCLC. EXPERT OPINION Characterization of NSCLC subsets in which immune senescence is a risk factor for poor prognosis and poor therapeutic response might be very helpful in supporting the addition of senotherapeutics to conventional cancer therapy. This approach has the potential to improve disease outcome but more studies in this area are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodora Alexa-Stratulat
- Department of Medicine III-Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Mariana Pavel-Tanasa
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Vlad-Andrei Cianga
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Sabina Antoniu
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinarity, Faculty of Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
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11
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Lu X, Yang YM, Lu YQ. Immunosenescence: A Critical Factor Associated With Organ Injury After Sepsis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:917293. [PMID: 35924237 PMCID: PMC9339684 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.917293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Progressive immune dysfunction associated with aging is known as immunosenescence. The age-related deterioration of immune function is accompanied by chronic inflammation and microenvironment changes. Immunosenescence can affect both innate and acquired immunity. Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response that affects parenchymal organs, such as the respiratory system, cardiovascular system, liver, urinary system, and central nervous system, according to the sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA). The initial immune response is characterized by an excess release of inflammatory factors, followed by persistent immune paralysis. Moreover, immunosenescence was found to complement the severity of the immune disorder following sepsis. Furthermore, the immune characteristics associated with sepsis include lymphocytopenia, thymus degeneration, and immunosuppressive cell proliferation, which are very similar to the characteristics of immunosenescence. Therefore, an in-depth understanding of immunosenescence after sepsis and its subsequent effects on the organs may contribute to the development of promising therapeutic strategies. This paper focuses on the characteristics of immunosenescence after sepsis and rigorously analyzes the possible underlying mechanism of action. Based on several recent studies, we summarized the relationship between immunosenescence and sepsis-related organs. We believe that the association between immunosenescence and parenchymal organs might be able to explain the delayed consequences associated with sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Lu
- Department of Geriatric and Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Aging and Physic-chemical Injury Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yun-Mei Yang
- Department of Geriatric and Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Aging and Physic-chemical Injury Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuan-Qiang Lu
- Department of Geriatric and Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Aging and Physic-chemical Injury Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yuan-Qiang Lu,
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12
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Saha P, Bose D, Stebliankin V, Cickovski T, Seth RK, Porter DE, Brooks BW, Mathee K, Narasimhan G, Colwell R, Scott GI, Chatterjee S. Prior exposure to microcystin alters host gut resistome and is associated with dysregulated immune homeostasis in translatable mouse models. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11516. [PMID: 35799048 PMCID: PMC9262933 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15708-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A strong association between exposure to the common harmful algal bloom toxin microcystin and the altered host gut microbiome has been shown. We tested the hypothesis that prior exposure to the cyanotoxin microcystin-LR may alter the host resistome. We show that the mice exposed to microcystin-LR had an altered microbiome signature that harbored antibiotic resistance genes. Host resistome genotypes such as mefA, msrD, mel, ant6, and tet40 increased in diversity and relative abundance following microcystin-LR exposure. Interestingly, the increased abundance of these genes was traced to resistance to common antibiotics such as tetracycline, macrolides, glycopeptide, and aminoglycosides, crucial for modern-day treatment of several diseases. Increased abundance of these genes was positively associated with increased expression of PD1, a T-cell homeostasis marker, and pleiotropic inflammatory cytokine IL-6 with a concomitant negative association with immunosurveillance markers IL-7 and TLR2. Microcystin-LR exposure also caused decreased TLR2, TLR4, and REG3G expressions, increased immunosenescence, and higher systemic levels of IL-6 in both wild-type and humanized mice. In conclusion, the results show a first-ever characterization of the host resistome following microcystin-LR exposure and its connection to host immune status and antimicrobial resistance that can be crucial to understand treatment options with antibiotics in microcystin-exposed subjects in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Punnag Saha
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
- NIEHS Center for Oceans and Human Health and Climate Change Interactions, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
- Columbia VA Medical Center, Columbia, SC, 29209, USA
| | - Dipro Bose
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
- NIEHS Center for Oceans and Human Health and Climate Change Interactions, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
- Columbia VA Medical Center, Columbia, SC, 29209, USA
| | - Vitalii Stebliankin
- Knight Foundation School of Computing & Information Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Trevor Cickovski
- Knight Foundation School of Computing & Information Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Ratanesh K Seth
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
- Columbia VA Medical Center, Columbia, SC, 29209, USA
| | - Dwayne E Porter
- NIEHS Center for Oceans and Human Health and Climate Change Interactions, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Bryan W Brooks
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX, 76798, USA
| | - Kalai Mathee
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
- Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Giri Narasimhan
- Knight Foundation School of Computing & Information Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
- Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Rita Colwell
- CosmosID Inc, Germantown, MD, 20874, USA
- University of Maryland Institute for Advanced Computer Studies, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Geoff I Scott
- NIEHS Center for Oceans and Human Health and Climate Change Interactions, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Saurabh Chatterjee
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
- NIEHS Center for Oceans and Human Health and Climate Change Interactions, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
- Columbia VA Medical Center, Columbia, SC, 29209, USA.
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13
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Zhang J, He T, Yin Z, Shang C, Xue L, Guo H. Ascitic Senescent T Cells Are Linked to Chemoresistance in Patients With Advanced High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:864021. [PMID: 35875098 PMCID: PMC9301961 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.864021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Senescent T cells are reported to be increased in patients with cancer and are poor prognostic indicators. However, the distribution of senescent T cells and their correlation with clinical features in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is unknown. We detected the percentage of senescent T cells in the peripheral blood and ascites of patients with advanced HGSOC (n = 86) at diagnosis by flow cytometry. Compared with healthy donors, patients with HGSOC exhibited an accumulation of CD28−CD57+ (Tsen) CD8+ T cells in the peripheral blood and ascites. The frequency of Tsen CD8+ T cells in the peripheral blood was positively correlated with age and pretreatment serum CA125 and increased in patients with large volume ascites, whereas the frequency of Tsen CD8+ T cells in ascites was elevated in patients with lymph node metastasis. Patients with Tsen-high in ascites (>19.92%), but not in the peripheral blood, were more likely to be resistant to chemotherapy and had shorter progression-free survival. Tsen CD8+ T cells exhibited common senescence features including increased SA-β-gal activity, declines in proliferation, loss of CD27 and gain of KLRG-1, and the production of cytokines. In ascites, the percentage of Tsen CD8+ T cells was positively correlated with levels of interleukin-10 and granzyme B. This study suggests the potential of ascitic Tsen CD8+ T cells at diagnosis as a prognostic biomarker in HGSOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Cancer Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tianhui He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongnan Yin
- Cancer Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chunliang Shang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lixiang Xue
- Cancer Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Hongyan Guo, ; Lixiang Xue,
| | - Hongyan Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Hongyan Guo, ; Lixiang Xue,
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14
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CD8 + T Cell Senescence: Lights and Shadows in Viral Infections, Autoimmune Disorders and Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063374. [PMID: 35328795 PMCID: PMC8955595 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T lymphocytes are a heterogeneous class of cells that play a crucial role in the adaptive immune response against pathogens and cancer. During their lifetime, they acquire cytotoxic functions to ensure the clearance of infected or transformed cells and, in addition, they turn into memory lymphocytes, thus providing a long-term protection. During ageing, the thymic involution causes a reduction of circulating T cells and an enrichment of memory cells, partially explaining the lowering of the response towards novel antigens with implications in vaccine efficacy. Moreover, the persistent stimulation by several antigens throughout life favors the switching of CD8+ T cells towards a senescent phenotype contributing to a low-grade inflammation that is a major component of several ageing-related diseases. In genetically predisposed young people, an immunological stress caused by viral infections (e.g., HIV, CMV, SARS-CoV-2), autoimmune disorders or tumor microenvironment (TME) could mimic the ageing status with the consequent acceleration of T cell senescence. This, in turn, exacerbates the inflamed conditions with dramatic effects on the clinical progression of the disease. A better characterization of the phenotype as well as the functions of senescent CD8+ T cells can be pivotal to prevent age-related diseases, to improve vaccine strategies and, possibly, immunotherapies in autoimmune diseases and cancer.
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15
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Dall'Olio FG, Marabelle A, Caramella C, Garcia C, Aldea M, Chaput N, Robert C, Besse B. Tumour burden and efficacy of immune-checkpoint inhibitors. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2021; 19:75-90. [PMID: 34642484 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-021-00564-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that a high tumour burden has a negative effect on anticancer immunity. The concept of tumour burden, simply defined as the total amount of cancer in the body, in contrast to molecular tumour burden, is often poorly understood by the wider medical community; nonetheless, a possible role exists in defining the optimal treatment strategy for many patients. Historically, tumour burden has been assessed using imaging. In particular, CT scans have been used to evaluate both the number and size of metastases as well as the number of organs involved. These methods are now often complemented by metabolic tumour burden, measured using the more recently developed 2-deoxy-2-[18F]-fluoro-D-glucose (FDG)-PET/CT. Serum-based biomarkers, such as lactate dehydrogenase, can also reflect tumour burden and are often also correlated with a poor response to immune-checkpoint inhibitors. Other circulating markers (such as circulating free tumour DNA and/or circulating tumour cells) are also attracting research interest as surrogate markers of tumour burden. In this Review, we summarize evidence supporting the utility of tumour burden as a biomarker to guide the use of immune-checkpoint inhibitors. We also describe data and provide perspective on the various tools used for tumour burden assessment, with a particular emphasis on future therapeutic strategies that might address the issue of inferior outcomes among patients with cancer with a high tumour burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo G Dall'Olio
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Division of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Specialized, Experimental and Diagnostic Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Aurélien Marabelle
- Drug Development Department, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Faculty of Medicine, University Paris-Saclay, Kremlin Bicêtre, France.,Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM), Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Caroline Caramella
- Department of Radiology, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Camilo Garcia
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Oncology, Institut Gustave Roussy and University Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Mihaela Aldea
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Nathalie Chaput
- Laboratory of Immunomonitoring in Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University Paris-Saclay, Chatenay-Malabry, France
| | - Caroline Robert
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Faculty of Medicine, University Paris-Saclay, Kremlin Bicêtre, France.,Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM), Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Benjamin Besse
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France. .,Faculty of Medicine, University Paris-Saclay, Kremlin Bicêtre, France.
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16
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Senescent T cells: a potential biomarker and target for cancer therapy. EBioMedicine 2021; 68:103409. [PMID: 34049248 PMCID: PMC8170103 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The failure of T cells to eradicate tumour cells in the tumour microenvironment is mainly due to the dysfunction of T cells. Senescent T cells, with defects in proliferation and effector functions, accumulate in ageing, chronic viral infections, and autoimmune disorders where antigen stimulation persists. Increasing evidence suggests that inducing T cell senescence is a key strategy used by malignant tumours to evade immune surveillance. In this review, we summarize the general features, functional regulation, and signalling network of senescent T cells in tumour development and highlight their potential as prognostic biomarkers in multiple cancer treatments, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy. Moreover, we discuss possible therapeutic strategies for preventing or rejuvenating senescence in tumour-specific T cells. Understanding these critical issues may provide novel strategies to enhance cancer immunotherapy.
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17
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Morillon YM, Sabzevari A, Schlom J, Greiner JW. The Development of Next-generation PBMC Humanized Mice for Preclinical Investigation of Cancer Immunotherapeutic Agents. Anticancer Res 2020; 40:5329-5341. [PMID: 32988851 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.14540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Investigation of the efficacy and mechanisms of human immuno-oncology agents has been hampered due to species-specific differences when utilizing preclinical mouse models. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) humanized mice provide a platform for investigating the modulation of the human immune-mediated antitumor response while circumventing the limitations of syngeneic model systems. Use of humanized mice has been stymied by model-specific limitations, some of which include the development of graft versus host disease, technical difficulty and cost associated with each humanized animal, and insufficient engraftment of some human immune subsets. Recent advances have addressed many of these limitations from which have emerged humanized models that are more clinically relevant. This review characterizes the expanded usage, advantages and limitations of humanized mice and provides insights into the development of the next generation of murine humanized models to further inform clinical applications of cancer immunotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Maurice Morillon
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, U.S.A
| | - Ariana Sabzevari
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, U.S.A
| | - Jeffrey Schlom
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, U.S.A.
| | - John W Greiner
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, U.S.A
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18
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Ferrara R, Naigeon M, Auclin E, Duchemann B, Cassard L, Jouniaux JM, Boselli L, Grivel J, Desnoyer A, Mezquita L, Texier M, Caramella C, Hendriks L, Planchard D, Remon J, Sangaletti S, Proto C, Garassino MC, Soria JC, Marabelle A, Voisin AL, Farhane S, Besse B, Chaput N. Circulating T-cell Immunosenescence in Patients with Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Treated with Single-agent PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors or Platinum-based Chemotherapy. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 27:492-503. [PMID: 32887723 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-1420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE CD28, CD57, and KLRG1 have been previously identified as markers of T-cell immunosenescence. The impact of immunosenescence on anti-PD(L)-1 (ICI) or platinum-based chemotherapy (PCT) in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (aNSCLC) is unknown. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The percentage of CD28-, CD57+, KLRG1+ among CD8+ T cells [senescent immune phenotype (SIP)] was assessed by flow cytometry on blood from patients with aNSCLC before single-agent ICI (discovery cohort). A SIP cut-off was identified by log-rank maximization method and patients with aNSCLC treated with ICI (validation cohort) or PCT were classified accordingly. Proliferation and functional properties of SIP+ CD8+ T cells were assessed in vitro. RESULTS In the ICI discovery cohort (N = 37), SIP cut-off was 39.5%, 27% of patients were SIP+. In the ICI validation cohort (N = 46), SIP+ status was found in 28% of patients and significantly correlated with worse objective response rate (ORR; 0% vs. 30%, P = 0.04), median progression-free survival (PFS) [1.8 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.3-NR) vs. 6.4 (95% CI, 2-19) months, P = 0.009] and median overall survival, OS [2.8 (95% CI, 2.0-NR) vs. 20.8 (95% CI, 6.0-NR) months, P = 0.02]. SIP+ status was significantly associated with circulating specific immunephenotypes, in vitro lower CD8+ T cells proliferation, lower IL2 and higher TNFα and IFNγ production. In the ICI-pooled population (N = 83), SIP+ status did not correlate with any clinical characteristics and it was associated with significantly worse ORR, PFS, and OS. In PCT cohort (N = 61), 11% of patients were SIP+. SIP status did not correlate with outcomes upon PCT. CONCLUSIONS Circulating T-cell immunosenescence is observed in up to 28% of patients with aNSCLC and correlates with lack of benefit from ICI but not from PCT.See related commentary by Salas-Benito et al., p. 374.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Ferrara
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Laboratory of Immunomonitoring in Oncology, CNRS-UMS 3655 and INSERM-US23, Villejuif, France.,Department of Cancer Medicine, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Department of Medical Oncology, Thoracic Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Research, Molecular Immunology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marie Naigeon
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Laboratory of Immunomonitoring in Oncology, CNRS-UMS 3655 and INSERM-US23, Villejuif, France.,Faculty of Medicine, University Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Edouard Auclin
- Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris Descartes University, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Boris Duchemann
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Laboratory of Immunomonitoring in Oncology, CNRS-UMS 3655 and INSERM-US23, Villejuif, France
| | - Lydie Cassard
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Laboratory of Immunomonitoring in Oncology, CNRS-UMS 3655 and INSERM-US23, Villejuif, France
| | - Jean-Mehdi Jouniaux
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Laboratory of Immunomonitoring in Oncology, CNRS-UMS 3655 and INSERM-US23, Villejuif, France
| | - Lisa Boselli
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Laboratory of Immunomonitoring in Oncology, CNRS-UMS 3655 and INSERM-US23, Villejuif, France
| | - Jonathan Grivel
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Laboratory of Immunomonitoring in Oncology, CNRS-UMS 3655 and INSERM-US23, Villejuif, France
| | - Aude Desnoyer
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Laboratory of Immunomonitoring in Oncology, CNRS-UMS 3655 and INSERM-US23, Villejuif, France
| | - Laura Mezquita
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Matthieu Texier
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Department, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Lizza Hendriks
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Department of Pulmonary Diseases GROW - School for oncology and developmental biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - David Planchard
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Jordi Remon
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Sabina Sangaletti
- Department of Research, Molecular Immunology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Proto
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thoracic Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marina C Garassino
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thoracic Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Aurelien Marabelle
- Departement d'Innovation Thérapeutique et d'Essais Précoces, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Anne-Laure Voisin
- Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Unité de Pharmacovigilance, Villejuif, France
| | - Siham Farhane
- Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Unité de Pharmacovigilance, Villejuif, France
| | - Benjamin Besse
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France. .,Faculty of Medicine, University Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Nathalie Chaput
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Laboratory of Immunomonitoring in Oncology, CNRS-UMS 3655 and INSERM-US23, Villejuif, France. .,Faculté de Pharmacie, University Paris-Saclay, Chatenay-Malabry, France
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19
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Granier C, Gey A, Roncelin S, Weiss L, Paillaud E, Tartour E. Immunotherapy in older patients with cancer. Biomed J 2020; 44:260-271. [PMID: 33041248 PMCID: PMC8358190 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2020.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ageing implicates a remodeling of our immune system, which is a consequence of the physiological senescence of our cells and tissues coupled with environmental factors and chronic antigen exposure. An immune system that senesces includes more differentiated cells with accumulation of highly differentiated CD4 and CD8 T cells. The pool of naive T cells decreases with the exponential thymic involution induced by age. Differentiated T cells have similar, if not higher, functional capacities but scarce studies are looking at the impact of senescence among specific T cells. After a stimulation, other immune cells (monocytes, dendritic cells and NK) are functionally altered during ageing. It is as if the immune system was more efficient at the basal level, but less efficient after a stimulation in the old compared to young people, likely due to less reserve. Concerning the clinical impact, older people are more prone to certain pathogens and their clinical manifestations differ from the younger people. Severe flu and VZV reactivation are more frequent with an altered cellular response to vaccination. Vaccination failure can have detrimental consequences in people presenting frailty criteria. Old people frailty is majored by their comorbidities and diseases like cancer. Thus, chemotherapies are employed with circumspection in older patients. The use of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapies is therefore attractive, because of less side effects with a better response compared to chemotherapy. Old persons inclusion is lacking in current studies and clinical trials. Some subgroups or pooled analyses confirm the gain in response without increased toxicities in older patients but their inclusion criteria differ from the real-life practice. Specific studies focusing on this population are needed because of the increasing cancer incidence with age and the overall ageing of the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Granier
- Biological Immunology Department, APHP, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Paris, France; University of Paris, PARCC, INSERM, APHP, Paris, France; Ligue Contre le Cancer Labeled Team, France.
| | - A Gey
- Biological Immunology Department, APHP, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Paris, France; University of Paris, PARCC, INSERM, APHP, Paris, France; Ligue Contre le Cancer Labeled Team, France
| | - S Roncelin
- Biological Immunology Department, APHP, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Paris, France
| | - L Weiss
- Clinical Immunology Department, APHP, Paris, France; INSERM U976 HIPI, Paris, France; Paris Descartes Medical School, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - E Paillaud
- Department of Geriatric, APHP, Paris Cancer Institute CARPEM, Europeen Georges Pompidou Hospital, Paris, France; Paris Est Creteil University, INSERM, IMRB, Creteil, France
| | - E Tartour
- Biological Immunology Department, APHP, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Paris, France; University of Paris, PARCC, INSERM, APHP, Paris, France; Ligue Contre le Cancer Labeled Team, France
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20
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Abstract
Most cancers arise in individuals over the age of 60. As the world population is living longer and reaching older ages, cancer is becoming a substantial public health problem. It is estimated that, by 2050, more than 20% of the world's population will be over the age of 60 - the economic, healthcare and financial burdens this may place on society are far from trivial. In this Review, we address the role of the ageing microenvironment in the promotion of tumour progression. Specifically, we discuss the cellular and molecular changes in non-cancerous cells during ageing, and how these may contribute towards a tumour permissive microenvironment; these changes encompass biophysical alterations in the extracellular matrix, changes in secreted factors and changes in the immune system. We also discuss the contribution of these changes to responses to cancer therapy as ageing predicts outcomes of therapy, including survival. Yet, in preclinical studies, the contribution of the aged microenvironment to therapy response is largely ignored, with most studies designed in 8-week-old mice rather than older mice that reflect an age appropriate to the disease being modelled. This may explain, in part, the failure of many successful preclinical therapies upon their translation to the clinic. Overall, the intention of this Review is to provide an overview of the interplay that occurs between ageing cell types in the microenvironment and cancer cells and how this is likely to impact tumour metastasis and therapy response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell Fane
- The Wistar Institute, Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Ashani T Weeraratna
- The Wistar Institute, Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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21
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Huff WX, Kwon JH, Henriquez M, Fetcko K, Dey M. The Evolving Role of CD8 +CD28 - Immunosenescent T Cells in Cancer Immunology. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112810. [PMID: 31181772 PMCID: PMC6600236 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional, tumor-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes drive the adaptive immune response to cancer. Thus, induction of their activity is the ultimate aim of all immunotherapies. Success of anti-tumor immunotherapy is precluded by marked immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment (TME) leading to CD8+ effector T cell dysfunction. Among the many facets of CD8+ T cell dysfunction that have been recognized—tolerance, anergy, exhaustion, and senescence—CD8+ T cell senescence is incompletely understood. Naïve CD8+ T cells require three essential signals for activation, differentiation, and survival through T-cell receptor, costimulatory receptors, and cytokine receptors. Downregulation of costimulatory molecule CD28 is a hallmark of senescent T cells and increased CD8+CD28− senescent populations with heterogeneous roles have been observed in multiple solid and hematogenous tumors. T cell senescence can be induced by several factors including aging, telomere damage, tumor-associated stress, and regulatory T (Treg) cells. Tumor-induced T cell senescence is yet another mechanism that enables tumor cell resistance to immunotherapy. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive overview of CD8+CD28− senescent T cell population, their origin, their function in immunology and pathologic conditions, including TME and their implication for immunotherapy. Further characterization and investigation into this subset of CD8+ T cells could improve the efficacy of future anti-tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei X Huff
- Department of Neurosurgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Jae Hyun Kwon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Mario Henriquez
- Department of Neurosurgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Kaleigh Fetcko
- Department of Neurology, University of Illinois at Chicago School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Mahua Dey
- Department of Neurosurgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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22
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Pfannenstiel LW, Diaz-Montero CM, Tian YF, Scharpf J, Ko JS, Gastman BR. Immune-Checkpoint Blockade Opposes CD8 + T-cell Suppression in Human and Murine Cancer. Cancer Immunol Res 2019; 7:510-525. [PMID: 30728151 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-18-0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Immune-checkpoint blockade enhances antitumor responses against cancers. One cancer type that is sensitive to checkpoint blockade is squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN), which we use here to study limitations of this treatment modality. We observed that CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in SCCHN and melanoma express excess immune checkpoints components PD-1 and Tim-3 and are also CD27-/CD28-, a phenotype we previously associated with immune dysfunction and suppression. In ex vivo experiments, patients' CD8+ TILs with this phenotype suppressed proliferation of autologous peripheral blood T cells. Similar phenotype and function of TILs was observed in the TC-1 mouse tumor model. Treatment of TC-1 tumors with anti-PD-1 or anti-Tim-3 slowed tumor growth in vivo and reversed the suppressive function of multi-checkpoint+ CD8+ TIL. Similarly, treatment of both human and mouse PD-1+ Tim-3+ CD8+ TILs with anticheckpoint antibodies ex vivo reversed their suppressive function. These suppressive CD8+ TILs from mice and humans expressed ligands for PD-1 and Tim-3 and exerted their suppressive function via IL10 and close contact. To model therapeutic strategies, we combined anti-PD-1 blockade with IL7 cytokine therapy or with transfer of antigen-specific T cells. Both strategies resulted in synergistic antitumor effects and reduced suppressor cell function. These findings enhance our understanding of checkpoint blockade in cancer treatment and identify strategies to promote synergistic activities in the context of other immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ye F Tian
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Joseph Scharpf
- Department of Otolaryngology, Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.,Institutes of Head and Neck, Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jennifer S Ko
- Departments of Pathology and Dermatology, Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Brian R Gastman
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio.,Institutes of Head and Neck, Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Cleveland, Ohio.,Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
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23
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Oliveira LPG, Conte FL, de Oliveira Cardoso E, Conti BJ, Santiago KB, de Assis Golim M, da Silva Feltran G, Zambuzzi WF, Sforcin JM. A new chemotherapeutic approach using doxorubicin simultaneously with geopropolis favoring monocyte functions. Life Sci 2019; 217:81-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.11.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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24
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Alkharabsheh O, Kannarkatt P, Kannarkatt J, Karapetyan L, Laird-Fick HS, Al-Janadi A. An overview of the toxicities of checkpoint inhibitors in older patients with cancer. J Geriatr Oncol 2018; 9:451-458. [PMID: 29567089 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgo.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Checkpoint inhibitors offer an exciting new option for treatment of a wide variety of cancers. By binding to surface receptors or their associated ligands on T cells, this class of drugs enhances immune activation and response to cancer cells. In available studies, the drugs are well tolerated, although toxicity involving skin, gastrointestinal tract, liver, lungs, and endocrine organs has been observed. Unfortunately, few studies to date have included patients older than 70 years of age. Since aging has been linked to changes in immune function, there are theoretical concerns that this patient population might experience a different profile of adverse events. This article reviews the tolerability of checkpoint inhibitors in older patients with cancer in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Alkharabsheh
- Michigan State University, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, East Lansing, MI, USA.
| | - Paul Kannarkatt
- Cooper University Hospital, Department of Medicine, Camden, NJ, USA.
| | - Joseph Kannarkatt
- Michigan State University, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, East Lansing, MI, USA.
| | - Lilit Karapetyan
- Michigan State University, Department of Medicine, East Lansing, MI, USA.
| | | | - Anas Al-Janadi
- Michigan State University, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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25
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Ferrara R, Mezquita L, Auclin E, Chaput N, Besse B. Immunosenescence and immunecheckpoint inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer patients: Does age really matter? Cancer Treat Rev 2017; 60:60-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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26
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Does Regular Exercise Counter T Cell Immunosenescence Reducing the Risk of Developing Cancer and Promoting Successful Treatment of Malignancies? OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:4234765. [PMID: 28751932 PMCID: PMC5511671 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4234765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Moderate intensity aerobic exercise training or regular physical activity is beneficial for immune function. For example, some evidence shows that individuals with an active lifestyle exhibit stronger immune responses to vaccination compared to those who are inactive. Encouragingly, poor vaccine responses, which are characteristic of an ageing immune system, can be improved by single or repeated bouts of exercise. In addition, exercise-induced lymphocytosis, and the subsequent lymphocytopenia, is thought to facilitate immune surveillance, whereby lymphocytes search tissues for antigens derived from viruses, bacteria, or malignant transformation. Aerobic exercise training is anti-inflammatory and is linked to lower morbidity and mortality from diseases with infectious, immunological, and inflammatory aetiologies, including cancer. These observations have led to the view that aerobic exercise training might counter the age-associated decline in immune function, referred to as immunosenescence. This article summarises the aspects of immune function that are sensitive to exercise-induced change, highlighting the observations which have stimulated the idea that aerobic exercise training could prevent, limit, or delay immunosenescence, perhaps even restoring aged immune profiles. These potential exercise-induced anti-immunosenescence effects might contribute to the mechanisms by which active lifestyles reduce the risk of developing cancer and perhaps benefit patients undergoing cancer therapy.
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27
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Saavedra D, Garcia B, Lage A. T Cell Subpopulations in Healthy Elderly and Lung Cancer Patients: Insights from Cuban Studies. Front Immunol 2017; 8:146. [PMID: 28261208 PMCID: PMC5306357 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The senescence of the immune system and the risk of cancer increase with aging. Age itself entails changes in the immune system, which are related to a decrease in thymic output of naïve lymphocytes, an accumulation of chronic antigenic load, notably chronic viral infections such as cytomegalovirus (CMV), and replicative senescence of lymphocytes. These changes could eventually contribute to cancer risk and affect the response to cancer treatment. However, several confounding factors make it difficult to draw a picture of causal relationships. Studies in diverse human populations could contribute to clarify these complex relationships. Here, we summarize the current knowledge about the senescence of the T cells, the relationship with CMV infection, cancer, and cancer treatment. We also review the results of a series of studies performed in Cuba whose population is characterized by the unusual combination of long life expectancy and high antigenic load, including high seroprevalence of CMV, typical of tropical countries. Although immunosenescence affects almost all components and functions of the immune response, its most salient feature is a decrease in numbers and proportions of naïve CD8+ T lymphocytes and an accretion of terminally differentiated CD8+ T lymphocytes. These features were confirmed by the Cuban studies, but interestingly a clear gender effect also appeared. Moreover, as aging is a global phenomenon, a fast increase in elderly with malignancies is expected; therefore, the evaluation of patient’s immune status would support the decision of treating them with immunotherapy and predict the efficacy of such treatments, thereby improving benefits for the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danay Saavedra
- Clinical Immunology Department, Center of Molecular Immunology , Havana , Cuba
| | - Beatriz Garcia
- Clinical Immunology Department, Center of Molecular Immunology , Havana , Cuba
| | - Agustin Lage
- Clinical Immunology Department, Center of Molecular Immunology , Havana , Cuba
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28
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Effector, Memory, and Dysfunctional CD8(+) T Cell Fates in the Antitumor Immune Response. J Immunol Res 2016; 2016:8941260. [PMID: 27314056 PMCID: PMC4893440 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8941260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The adaptive immune system plays a pivotal role in the host's ability to mount an effective, antigen-specific immune response against tumors. CD8(+) tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) mediate tumor rejection through recognition of tumor antigens and direct killing of transformed cells. In growing tumors, TILs are often functionally impaired as a result of interaction with, or signals from, transformed cells and the tumor microenvironment. These interactions and signals can lead to transcriptional, functional, and phenotypic changes in TILs that diminish the host's ability to eradicate the tumor. In addition to effector and memory CD8(+) T cells, populations described as exhausted, anergic, senescent, and regulatory CD8(+) T cells have been observed in clinical and basic studies of antitumor immune responses. In the context of antitumor immunity, these CD8(+) T cell subsets remain poorly characterized in terms of fate-specific biomarkers and transcription factor profiles. Here we discuss the current characterization of CD8(+) T cell fates in antitumor immune responses and discuss recent insights into how signals in the tumor microenvironment influence TIL transcriptional networks to promote CD8(+) T cell dysfunction.
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