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Chen P, Zhang YL, Zhang XL, Guo Y, Tang PP. The CXCR4 might be a potential biomarker for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: A meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37681. [PMID: 38579048 PMCID: PMC10994415 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the relationship between CXCL12/CXCR4 and the progress, prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), providing evidence for potential early diagnosis, clinical treatment, prognosis evaluation, and therapeutic target of ESCC. METHODS Databases of PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science were searched for the relationship between CXCL12/CXCR4 and clinicopathological characteristics and survival time of ESCC. Stata16.0 software was used to conduct meta-analysis. RESULTS A total of 10 studies involving 1216 cases of patients with ESCC were included in our study. The results indicated that high-level expression of CXCR4 was significantly correlated with tumor differentiation [OR = 0.69, 95% confidence interval (CI): (0.50, 0.97)], tumor infiltration [OR = 0.39, 95% CI: (0.25, 0.61)], lymph node metastasis [OR = 0.36, 95% CI: (0.21, 0.61)], clinical stage [OR = 0.33, 95% CI: (0.24, 0.45)] of ESCC. The expression of CXCR4 was also significantly correlated with OS [HR = 2.00, 95% CI: (1.63, 2.45)] and disease-free survival [HR = 1.76, 95% CI: (1.44, 2.15)] in patients of ESCC after surgical resection. No significant relationship was observed between the expression of CXCL12 and the clinicopathological characteristics of ESCC. CONCLUSION CXCR4 might be a potential biomarker for the progress and prognosis evaluation, and therapeutic target for ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Chen
- Department of Basic Medical, Jiangsu College of Nursing, Huai’an, China
| | - Yu-Ling Zhang
- Department of Basic Medical, Jiangsu College of Nursing, Huai’an, China
| | - Xiao-Lei Zhang
- Department of Basic Medical, Jiangsu College of Nursing, Huai’an, China
| | - Ying Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Huai’an Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Huai’an, China
| | - Pei-Pei Tang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Jiangsu College of Nursing, Huai’an, China
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Insulin receptor substrate 1(IRS1) is related with lymph node metastases and prognosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Gene 2022; 835:146651. [PMID: 35688292 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality globally with a high risk of lymph node metastasis (LNM). In this study, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) showed the identification of 10 modules among which the significant module (turquoise), including 1352 genes, was correlated with LNM. A group 52 overlapping differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was identified based on the comparison of turquoise module with GSE23400 and GSE20347 datasets. Using Ctyohubba plugin, we identified 7 hub genes (ACTG2, SORBS1, MYH11, CXCL12, CNN1, IRS1 and CXCL8). IRS1 displayed significant correlation with metastasis. The decreased expression of IRS1 was also a predictor of poor OS of ESCC patients whereas the hub genes namely ACTG2, MYH11, CXCL8, CXCL12, IRS1 and CNN1 were associated with RFS of ESCC patients. These findings suggest that the altered expression of these hub genes are associated with prognosis and thus can be used as potential biomarkers for ESCC. Moreover, immunohistochemical staining and cell functional experiments displayed that the overexpression of IRS1 was negatively associated with metastasis in ESCC. In general, our research revealed several novel genes in ESCC especially the association of IRS1 with LNM in ESCC, which could provide novel insights into the initiation and progression of ESCC.
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Chen YH, Lu HI, Wang YM, Lo CM, Chou SY, Li SH. SDF-1α predicts poor prognosis in patients with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma receiving definitive concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Biomed J 2022; 45:522-532. [PMID: 35817708 PMCID: PMC9421945 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2021.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) is a chemokine associated with tumor progression in various types of cancers. The current study aimed to evaluate whether pre-treatment or kinetics of SDF-1α can predict the prognosis in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) receiving definitive concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT). METHODS A total of 97 patients with ESCC were identified at Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital between January 2010 and December 2015. Serum concentration of SDF-1α was measured at day 0 (pre-treatment) and chemotherapy day 28 to determine its kinetics and the cut-off level of pre-chemotherapy SDF-1α was 1.5 ng/mL. Two ESCC cell lines, TE1 and KYSE30, were selected to evaluate the function of SDF-1α. RESULTS Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that pre-treatment SDF-1α ≥ 1.5 ng/mL and an increased SDF-1α level after treatment were significantly associated with worse progression-free survival (p = 0.021 and p = 0.008, respectively) and overall survival (p = 0.005 and p < 0.001, respectively). In addition, patients with pre-treatment SDF-1α ≥ 1.5 ng/mL and increased SDF-1α levels after treatment were found to have poor response to CCRT. Moreover, these cell lines were treated with chemotherapeutic agents (cisplatin or 5-FU) and SDF-1α, alone or in combination. Our in vitro study results showed SDF-1α promoted the proliferation of tumor cells and overcame the cytotoxic effect of chemotherapy (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Our study suggested that SDF-1α plays an important role in ESCC disease progression and that pre-treatment SDF-1α level and kinetics of SDF-1α are the independent prognostic factors for ESCC patients receiving definitive CCRT. Periodic determinations of serum SDF-1α level may be valuable to predict prognosis of ESCC in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Hao Chen
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, Meiho University, Pingtung, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hung-I Lu
- Department of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ming Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ming Lo
- Department of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Yu Chou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shau-Hsuan Li
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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O'Donovan C, Davern M, Donlon NE, Lysaght J, Conroy MJ. Chemokine-targeted therapies: An opportunity to remodel immune profiles in gastro-oesophageal tumours. Cancer Lett 2021; 521:224-236. [PMID: 34506844 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapies are transforming outcomes for many cancer patients and are quickly becoming the fourth pillar of cancer therapy. However, their efficacy of only ∼25% in gastro-oesophageal cancer has been disappointing. This is attributed to factors such as insufficient patient stratification and the pro-tumourigenic immune landscape of gastro-oesophageal tumours. The chemokine profiles of solid tumours and the availability of effector immune cells greatly influence the immune infiltrate, producing 'cold' or 'immune-excluded' tumours in which immunotherapies are unable to reinvigorate the immune response. Other biological functions for chemokines have emerged, such as promoting cell survival, polarising T cell responses, and supporting several hallmarks of cancer. Therefore, chemokine networks may be exploited with therapeutic intent to mobilise and polarise anti-tumour immune cells, with further utility as combination treatments to augment the efficacy of current cancer immunotherapies. Few studies have demonstrated the clinical benefit of chemokine-targeted therapies as monotherapies, and this review proposes their consideration as combination treatments. Herein, we explore the anti-tumour and pro-tumour implications of chemokine signalling in gastro-oesophageal cancer and discuss their value as prognostic and predictive biomarkers in response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cillian O'Donovan
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital Campus, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Maria Davern
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital Campus, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Noel E Donlon
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital Campus, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Joanne Lysaght
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital Campus, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Melissa J Conroy
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital Campus, Dublin 8, Ireland; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland.
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Wu X, Zhang H, Sui Z, Wang Y, Yu Z. The biological role of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Biol Med 2021; 18:j.issn.2095-3941.2020.0140. [PMID: 33710803 PMCID: PMC8185864 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2020.0140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is the eighth most common malignant tumor and the sixth leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the main histological type of esophageal cancer, and accounts for 90% of all cancer cases. Despite the progress made in surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, the mortality rate from esophageal cancer remains high, and the overall 5-year survival rate is less than 20%, even in developed countries. The C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) is a member of the CXC chemokine subgroup, which is widely expressed in a variety of tissues and cells. CXCL12 participates in the regulation of many physiological and pathological processes by binding to its specific receptor, C-X-C motif chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4), where it causes embryonic development, immune response, and angiogenesis. In addition, increasing evidence indicates that the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis plays an important role in the biological processes of tumor cells. Studies have shown that CXCL12 and its receptor, CXCR4, are highly expressed in ESCC. This abnormal expression contributes to tumor proliferation, lymph node and distant metastases, and worsening prognosis. At present, antagonists and imaging agents against CXCL12 or CXCR4 have been developed to interfere with the malignant process and monitor metastasis of tumors. This article summarizes the structure, function, and regulatory mechanism of CXCL12/CXCR4 and its role in the malignancy of ESCC. Current results from preclinical research targeting CXCL12/CXCR4 are also summarized to provide a reference for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianxian Wu
- Departments of Esophageal Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Hongdian Zhang
- Departments of Esophageal Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Zhilin Sui
- Departments of Esophageal Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Zhentao Yu
- Departments of Esophageal Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
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Goto M, Shibahara Y, Baciu C, Allison F, Yeung JC, Darling GE, Liu M. Prognostic Impact of CXCR7 and CXCL12 Expression in Patients with Esophageal Adenocarcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol 2021; 28:4943-4951. [PMID: 33709176 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-021-09775-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemokines are major regulators of cell trafficking and adhesion. The chemokine CXCL12 and its receptors, CXCR4 and CXCR7, have been reported as biomarkers in various cancers, including esophageal cancer; however, there are few studies in esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). In this study, we investigated the relationship between expression of CXCL12, CXCR4, and CXCR7, and prognosis in patients with EAC. METHODS This study examined 55 patients with EAC who were treated in Toronto General Hospital from 2001 to 2010. Tissue microarray immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate the expression of CXCL12, CXCR4, and CXCR7. Evaluation of immunohistochemistry was performed by a pathologist without knowledge of patients' information and results were compared with the patients' clinicopathological features and survival. RESULTS High CXCR7 expression was significantly associated with lymphatic invasion (present vs absent, P = 0.005) and higher number of lymph node metastases (pN0-1 vs pN2-3, P = 0.0014). Patients with high CXCR7 expression (n = 23) were associated with worse overall (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) (P = 0.0221, P = 0.0090, respectively), and patients with high CXCL12 (n = 24) tended to have worse OS and DFS (P = 0.1091, P = 0.1477, respectively). High expression of both CXCR7 and CXCL12 was an independent prognostic factor for OS and DFS on multivariate analysis (HR = 0.3, 95% CI: 0.1-0.9, P = 0.0246, HR = 0.3, 95% CI: 0.1-0.8, P = 0.0134, respectively). CONCLUSIONS High CXCR7 expression was associated with poor prognosis in patients with EAC, and high expression of CXCR7 with its ligand CXCL12 had a stronger association with prognosis. Further study of this potential biomarker using whole tissue samples and a larger sample size is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Goto
- Department of Thoracic, Endocrine Surgery and Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.,Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Yukiko Shibahara
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Pathology, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Cristina Baciu
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Frances Allison
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jonathan C Yeung
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.,Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Gail E Darling
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.,Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mingyao Liu
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada. .,Departments of Surgery, Medicine, and Physiology, Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Linde P, Baues C, Wegen S, Trommer M, Quaas A, Rosenbrock J, Celik E, Marnitz S, Bruns CJ, Fischer T, Schomaecker K, Wester HJ, Drzezga A, van Heek L, Kobe C. Pentixafor PET/CT for imaging of chemokine receptor 4 expression in esophageal cancer - a first clinical approach. Cancer Imaging 2021; 21:22. [PMID: 33579381 PMCID: PMC7881561 DOI: 10.1186/s40644-021-00391-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Expression of CXCR4, a chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor that plays a central role in tumor growth and metastasis of circulating tumor cells, has been described in a variety of solid tumors. A high expression of CXCR4 has a prognostic significance with regard to overall and progression-free survival and offers a starting point for targeted therapies. In this context, [68]Ga-Pentixafor-Positron Emission Tomography/Computer Tomography (PET/CT) offers promising possibility of imaging the CXCR4 expression profile. We set out to compare a [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-PET/CT and a [68Ga]Pentixafor-PET/CT in (re-)staging and radiation planning of patients with localized esophageal cancer. Materials and methods In this retrospective analysis, ten patients, with adeno- or squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus (n = 3 and n = 7, respectively), which were scheduled for radio (chemo) therapy, were imaged using both Pentixafor and FDG PET/CT examinations. All lesions were visually rated as Pentixafor and FDG positive or negative. For both tracers, SUVmax was measured all lesions and compared to background. Additionally, immunohistochemistry of CXCR4 was obtained in patients undergoing surgery. Results FDG-positive tumor-suspicious lesions were detected in all patients and a total of 26 lesions were counted. The lesion-based analysis brought equal status in 14 lesions which were positive for both tracers while five lesions were FDG positive and Pentixafor negative and seven lesions were FDG negative, but Pentixafor positive. Histopathologic correlation was available in seven patients. The CXCR4 expression of four non-pretreated tumour lesion samples was confirmed immunohistochemically. Conclusion Our data shows that additional PET/CT imaging with Pentixafor for imaging the CXCR4 chemokine receptor is feasible but heterogeneous in both newly diagnosed and pretreated recurrent esophageal cancer. In addition, the Pentixafor PET/CT may serve as complementary tool for radiation field expansion in radiooncology. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40644-021-00391-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Linde
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener St 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Christian Baues
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener St 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Simone Wegen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener St 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Maike Trommer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener St 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexander Quaas
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Johannes Rosenbrock
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener St 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Eren Celik
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener St 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Simone Marnitz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener St 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christiane J Bruns
- Department of General, Visceral, Tumor and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Fischer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Klaus Schomaecker
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hans-Juergen Wester
- Department of Radiochemistry, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Alexander Drzezga
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lutz van Heek
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Carsten Kobe
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Single-domain antibodies for radio nuclear imaging and therapy of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a narrative review. JOURNAL OF BIO-X RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1097/jbr.0000000000000074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Wang R, Du X, Zhi Y. Screening of Critical Genes Involved in Metastasis and Prognosis of High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer by Gene Expression Profile Data. J Comput Biol 2020; 27:1104-1114. [PMID: 31725318 DOI: 10.1089/cmb.2019.0235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ruike Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining City, China
- Affiliated Jining No. 1 People's Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining City, China
| | - Xia Du
- Department of Dermatology, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining City, China
| | - Yaqin Zhi
- Affiliated Jining No. 1 People's Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining City, China
- Department of Oncology, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining City, China
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Chen YH, Li SH, Lu HI, Lo CM. Prognostic Value of SDF-1α Expression in Patients with Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Receiving Esophagectomy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051067. [PMID: 32344892 PMCID: PMC7281421 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) is a chemokine that has been reported to be involved in tumor progression in several malignancies. This study aimed to evaluate the crucial role of SDF-1α in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) who underwent esophagectomy. A total of 169 patients with ESCC were identified, including overexpression of SDF-1α in 60 patients and low expression of SDF-1α in 109 patients by immunohistochemical analysis. Two ESCC cell lines, TE1 and KYSE30, were selected to evaluate the tumor cell proliferative effect of SDF-1α. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that high tumor (T) status, positive lymph node metastasis, tumors located in the upper esophagus, and SDF-1α overexpression were significantly related to worse disease-free survival and overall survival. In addition, the two cell lines were treated with SDF-1α, AMD3100 (an SDF-1α-ligand receptor antagonist), and chemotherapeutic agents (cisplatin). Our in vitro study results showed that SDF-1α promoted the proliferation of tumor cells, and blocking the SDF-1α pathway displayed a growth inhibition effect in a dose-dependent manner. SDF-1α plays an important role in the progression of ESCC and is an independent prognostic factor for ESCC patients who underwent esophagectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Hao Chen
- Department of Hematology—Oncology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +886-7-7317123 (ext. 8303); Fax: +886-7-7322402
| | - Shau-Hsuan Li
- Department of Hematology—Oncology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
| | - Hung-I Lu
- Department of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (H.-I.L.); (C.-M.L.)
| | - Chien-Ming Lo
- Department of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (H.-I.L.); (C.-M.L.)
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Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) is one of the most lethal malignancies of the digestive tract and remains to be improved poor prognosis. Two histological subtypes, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), are major characteristics of EC. Deep understanding about both subtypes is essential to overcome EC. Here, we focus on chemokines and their receptors as biomarkers and their current applications for the prognosis in EC. We reviewed relevant articles identified using PubMed database for the chemokines and their receptors in EC analyzed by immunohistochemistry. The primary objective is to summarize evidences for them as prognostic biomarkers in EC. A total of twenty-one articles were reviewed after exclusion. Most studies have been done in ESCC, and less in EAC. CXCL12 and its receptor CXCR4 have been shown in both subtypes as biomarkers. CXCR7, CXCL8 and its receptor CXCR2, and CCL21 and its receptor CCR7 have been examined in ESCC. Although it was a small number of reports, CXCL10, CCL4, and CCL5 have been indicated to have anti-tumor effects in ESCC. Chemokines and their receptors have the potential to be the biomarkers in EC. Comparative studies between ESCC and EAC will reveal the similarity and difference in these two subtypes of EC. These studies may indicate whether these molecules play important roles in both subtypes or are unique to one or another.
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12
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Wang H, Mao J, Huang Y, Zhang J, Zhong L, Wu Y, Huang H, Yang J, Wei Y, Tang J. Prognostic roles of miR-124-3p and its target ANXA7 and their effects on cell migration and invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2020; 13:357-370. [PMID: 32269673 PMCID: PMC7137028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have indicated that ANXA7 promotes progression and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study we found a significant negative correlation between the levels of miR-124-3p and ANXA7 protein in HCC. Level of miR-124-3p in tumor tissues was negatively correlated, while ANXA7 protein was positively correlated, with TNM stage and tumor metastasis. Furthermore, we confirmed ANXA7 was a target gene of miR-124-3p by a dual luciferase reporter assay. In vitro, up-regulation of miR-124-3p promotes apoptosis and inhibits migration and invasion of Hca-F. Bcl-2 correlates X protein (Bax) protein level was up-regulated, while ANXA7, B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-9) and C-X-C motif chemokine 12 (CXCL12) protein levels were suppressed relative to miR-124-3p over-expression. In vivo, up-regulation of miR-124-3p suppresses lymph node metastasis (LNM) and tumorigenicity of Hca-F cells. The expression of ANXA7, MMP-9, and CXCL12 protein in transplanted tumors was suppressed relative to miR-124-3p overexpression. In addition, we found the levels of Bcl-2, MMP-9, and CXCL12 in Hca-F cells decreased significantly after transfection of shRNA-Anxa7 in vitro. In conclusion, our study revealed miR-124-3p inhibits tumor growth, invasion, and lymphatic metastasis in HCC by down-regulation of ANXA7 gene, thereby reducing the expression of Bcl-2, MMP-9, and CXCL12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghai Wang
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jun Mao
- Teaching Laboratory of Morphology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yuhong Huang
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, Liaoning Province, China
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Metastasis and Intervention of Liaoning ProvinceDalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, Liaoning Province, China
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Metastasis and Intervention of Liaoning ProvinceDalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Lin Zhong
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - He Huang
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jiayu Yang
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yuanyi Wei
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, Liaoning Province, China
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Metastasis and Intervention of Liaoning ProvinceDalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jianwu Tang
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, Liaoning Province, China
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Metastasis and Intervention of Liaoning ProvinceDalian, Liaoning Province, China
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Do HTT, Lee CH, Cho J. Chemokines and their Receptors: Multifaceted Roles in Cancer Progression and Potential Value as Cancer Prognostic Markers. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12020287. [PMID: 31991604 PMCID: PMC7072521 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokines are chemotactic cytokines that mediate immune cell chemotaxis and lymphoid tissue development. Recent advances have indicated that chemokines and their cognate receptors play critical roles in cancer-related inflammation and cancer progression. On the basis of these findings, the chemokine system has become a new potential drug target for cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we summarize the essential roles of the complex network of chemokines and their receptors in cancer progression. Furthermore, we discuss the potential value of the chemokine system as a cancer prognostic marker. The chemokine system regulates the infiltration of immune cells into the tumor microenvironment, which induces both pro- and anti-immunity and promotes or suppresses tumor growth and proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Increasing evidence indicates the promising prognostic value of the chemokine system in cancer patients. While CCL2, CXCL10, and CX3CL1/CX3CR1 can serve as favorable or unfavorable prognostic factors depending on the cancer types, CCL14 and XCL1 possess good prognostic value. Other chemokines such as CXCL1, CXCL8, and CXCL12 are poor prognostic markers. Despite vast advances in our understanding of the complex nature of the chemokine system in tumor biology, knowledge about the multifaceted roles of the chemokine system in different types of cancers is still limited. Further studies are necessary to decipher distinct roles within the chemokine system in terms of cancer progression and to validate their potential value in cancer prognosis.
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14
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Shatnawi A, Malkaram SA, Fandy T, Tsouko E. Identification of the inhibitor of growth protein 4 (ING4) as a potential target in prostate cancer therapy. Mol Cell Biochem 2019; 464:153-167. [PMID: 31773467 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-019-03657-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INhibitor of Growth protein 4 (ING4) is a potential chromatin modifier that has been implicated in several cancer-related processes. However, the role of ING4 in prostate cancer (PC) is largely unknown. This study aimed to assess ING4's role in global transcriptional regulation in PC cells to identify potential cellular processes associated with ING4 loss. RNA-Seq using next-generation sequencing (NGS) was used to identify altered genes in LNCaP PC cells following ING4 depletion. Ingenuity pathways analysis (IPA®) was applied to the data to highlight candidates, ING4-regulated pathways, networks and cellular processes. Selected genes were validated using RT-qPCR. RNA-Seq of LNCaP cells revealed a total of 159 differentially expressed genes (fold change ≥ 1.5 or ≤ - 1.5, FDR ≤ 0.05) following ING4 knockdown. RT-qPCR used to validate the expression level of selected genes was in agreement with RNA-Seq results. Key genes, unique pathways, and biological networks were identified using IPA® analysis. This is the first report of global gene regulation in PC cells by ING4. The resultant differential expression profile revealed the potential role of ING4 in PC pathogenesis possibly through modulation of key genes, pathways and biological networks that are central drivers of the disease. Collectively, these findings shed light on a novel transcriptional regulator of PC that ultimately may influence the disease progression and as a potential target in the disease therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aymen Shatnawi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, University of Charleston School of Pharmacy, 2300 MacCorkle Ave SE, Charleston, WV, 25304, USA.
| | - Sridhar A Malkaram
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Sciences, West Virginia State University, W729, Wallace Hall, Institute, WV, 25112, USA
| | - Tamer Fandy
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, University of Charleston School of Pharmacy, 2300 MacCorkle Ave SE, Charleston, WV, 25304, USA
| | - Efrosini Tsouko
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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15
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Study on miRNAs in Pan-Cancer of the Digestive Tract Based on the Illumina HiSeq System Data Sequencing. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:8016120. [PMID: 31737678 PMCID: PMC6817930 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8016120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Objective miRNA has gained attention as a therapeutic target in various malignancies. The proposal of this study was to investigate the biological functions of key miRNAs and target genes in cancers of the digestive tract which include esophageal carcinoma (ESCA), gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC), colon adenocarcinoma (COAD), and rectal adenocarcinoma (READ). Materials and Methods After screening differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMIs) and differentially expressed mRNAs (DEMs) in four digestive cancers from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, the diagnostic value of above DEMIs was evaluated by receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Then, corresponding DEMIs' target genes were predicted by miRWalk 2.0. Intersection of predicted target genes and DEMs was taken as the target genes of DEMIs, and miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks between DEMIs and target genes were constructed. Meanwhile, the univariate Cox risk regression model was used to screen miRNAs with distinct prognostic value, and Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to determine their significance of prognosis. Furthermore, we performed bioinformatics methods including protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks, gene ontology (GO) annotation, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis, and gene group RIDA analysis by Gene-Cloud of Biotechnology Information (GCBI) to explore the function and molecular mechanisms of DEMIs and predicted target genes in tumor development. Results Eventually, 3 DEMIs (miR-7-3, miR-328, and miR-323a) with significant prognostic value were obtained. In addition, 3 DEMIs (miR-490-3p, miR-133a-3p, and miR-552-3p) and 281 target genes were identified, and the 3 DEMIs showed high diagnostic value in READ and moderate diagnostic value in ESCA, GAC, and COAD. Also, the miRNA-mRNA regulatory network with 3 DEMIs and 281 overlapping genes was successfully established. Functional enrichment analysis showed that 281 overlapping genes were mainly related to regulation of cell proliferation, cell migration, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Conclusion The diagnostic value and prognostic value of significant DEMIs in cancers of the digestive tract were identified, which may provide a novel direction for treatment and prognosis improvement of cancers of the digestive tract.
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Hersi HM, Raulf N, Gaken J, Folarin N, Tavassoli M. MicroRNA-9 inhibits growth and invasion of head and neck cancer cells and is a predictive biomarker of response to plerixafor, an inhibitor of its target CXCR4. Mol Oncol 2018; 12:2023-2041. [PMID: 29959873 PMCID: PMC6275261 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) are associated with poor morbidity and mortality. Current treatment strategies are highly toxic and do not benefit over 50% of patients. There is therefore a crucial need for predictive and/or prognostic biomarkers to allow treatment stratification for individual patients. One class of biomarkers that has recently gained importance are microRNA (miRNA). MiRNA are small, noncoding molecules which regulate gene expression post‐transcriptionally. We performed miRNA expression profiling of a cohort of head and neck tumours with known clinical outcomes. The results showed miR‐9 to be significantly downregulated in patients with poor treatment outcome, indicating its role as a potential biomarker in HNSCC. Overexpression of miR‐9 in HNSCC cell lines significantly decreased cellular proliferation and inhibited colony formation in soft agar. Conversely, miR‐9 knockdown significantly increased both these features. Importantly, endogenous CXCR4 expression levels, a known target of miR‐9, inversely correlated with miR‐9 expression in a panel of HNSCC cell lines tested. Induced overexpression of CXCR4 in low expressing cells increased proliferation, colony formation and cell cycle progression. Moreover, CXCR4‐specific ligand, CXCL12, enhanced cellular proliferation, migration, colony formation and invasion in CXCR4‐overexpressing and similarly in miR‐9 knockdown cells. CXCR4‐specific inhibitor plerixafor abrogated the oncogenic phenotype of CXCR4 overexpression as well as miR‐9 knockdown. Our data demonstrate a clear role for miR‐9 as a tumour suppressor microRNA in HNSCC, and its role seems to be mediated through CXCR4 suppression. MiR‐9 knockdown, similar to CXCR4 overexpression, significantly promoted aggressive HNSCC tumour cell characteristics. Our results suggest CXCR4‐specific inhibitor plerixafor as a potential therapeutic agent, and miR‐9 as a possible predictive biomarker of treatment response in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nina Raulf
- Department of Molecular Oncology, King's College London, UK
| | - Joop Gaken
- Department of Haematological Medicine, The Rayne Institute, King's College London, UK
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Identification of molecular targets for esophageal carcinoma diagnosis using miRNA-seq and RNA-seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas: a study of 187 cases. Oncotarget 2018; 8:35681-35699. [PMID: 28415685 PMCID: PMC5482608 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal carcinoma (ESCA) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide, and its pathogenesis is complex. In this study, we identified differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) and genes (DEGs) of ESCA from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The diagnostic values of DEMs were determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses and validated based on data from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). The top five DEMs with the best diagnostic values were selected, and their potential targets were predicted by various in silico methods. These target genes were then identified among the DEGs from TCGA. Furthermore, the overlapping genes were subjected to protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses. The miRNA-transcription factor (TF) regulatory relations were determined using CircuitsDB and TransmiR. Finally, the regulatory networks of miRNA-TF and miRNA-gene were constructed and analyzed. A total of 136 DEMs and 3541 DEGs were identified in ESCA. The top five DEMs with the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) values were miRNA-93 (0.953), miRNA-21 (0.928), miRNA-4746 (0.915), miRNA-196a-1 (0.906) and miRNA-196a-2 (0.906). The combined AUC of these five DEMs was 0.985. The KEGG analysis with 349 overlapping genes showed that the calcium signaling pathway and the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction were the most relevant pathways. The regulatory networks of miRNA-TF and miRNA-gene, including 38 miRNA-TF and 560 miRNA-gene pairs, were successfully established. Our findings may provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of ESCA pathogenesis. Future research will aim to explore the role of novel miRNAs in the pathogenesis and improve the early diagnosis of ESCA.
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A meta-analysis of CXCL12 expression for cancer prognosis. Br J Cancer 2017; 117:124-135. [PMID: 28535157 PMCID: PMC5520200 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: CXCL12 (SDF1) is reported to promote cancer progression in several preclinical models and this is corroborated by the analysis of human tissue specimens. However, the relationship between CXCL12 expression and cancer survival has not been systematically assessed. Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies that evaluated the association between CXCL12 expression and cancer survival. Results: Thirty-eight studies inclusive of 5807 patients were included in the analysis of overall, recurrence-free or cancer-specific survival, the majority of which were retrospective. The pooled hazard ratios (HRs) for overall and recurrence-free survival in patients with high CXCL12 expression were 1.39 (95% CI: 1.17–1.65, P=0.0002) and 1.12 (95% CI: 0.82–1.53, P=0.48) respectively, but with significant heterogeneity between studies. On subgroup analysis by cancer type, high CXCL12 expression was associated with reduced overall survival in patients with oesophagogastric (HR 2.08; 95% CI: 1.31–3.33, P=0.002), pancreatic (HR 1.54; 95% CI: 1.21–1.97, P=0.0005) and lung cancer (HR 1.37; 95% CI: 1.08–1.75, P=0.01), whereas in breast cancer patients high CXCL12 expression conferred an overall survival advantage (HR 0.5; 95% CI: 0.38–0.66, P<0.00001). Conclusions: Determination of CXCL12 expression has the potential to be of use as a cancer biomarker and adds prognostic information in various cancer types. Prospective or prospective–retrospective analyses of CXCL12 expression in clearly defined cancer cohorts are now required to advance our understanding of the relationship between CXCL12 expression and cancer outcome.
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