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Sahoo S, Ramu S, Nair MG, Pillai M, San Juan BP, Milioli HZ, Mandal S, Naidu CM, Mavatkar AD, Subramaniam H, Neogi AG, Chaffer CL, Prabhu JS, Somarelli JA, Jolly MK. Increased prevalence of hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal state and enhanced phenotypic heterogeneity in basal breast cancer. iScience 2024; 27:110116. [PMID: 38974967 PMCID: PMC11225361 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Intra-tumoral phenotypic heterogeneity promotes tumor relapse and therapeutic resistance and remains an unsolved clinical challenge. Decoding the interconnections among different biological axes of plasticity is crucial to understand the molecular origins of phenotypic heterogeneity. Here, we use multi-modal transcriptomic data-bulk, single-cell, and spatial transcriptomics-from breast cancer cell lines and primary tumor samples, to identify associations between epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and luminal-basal plasticity-two key processes that enable heterogeneity. We show that luminal breast cancer strongly associates with an epithelial cell state, but basal breast cancer is associated with hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal phenotype(s) and higher phenotypic heterogeneity. Mathematical modeling of core underlying gene regulatory networks representative of the crosstalk between the luminal-basal and epithelial-mesenchymal axes elucidate mechanistic underpinnings of the observed associations from transcriptomic data. Our systems-based approach integrating multi-modal data analysis with mechanism-based modeling offers a predictive framework to characterize intra-tumor heterogeneity and identify interventions to restrict it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarthak Sahoo
- Department of Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Soundharya Ramu
- Department of Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Madhumathy G. Nair
- Division of Molecular Medicine, St. John’s Research Institute, St. John’s Medical College, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Maalavika Pillai
- Department of Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | | | | | - Susmita Mandal
- Department of Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Chandrakala M. Naidu
- Division of Molecular Medicine, St. John’s Research Institute, St. John’s Medical College, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Apoorva D. Mavatkar
- Division of Molecular Medicine, St. John’s Research Institute, St. John’s Medical College, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Harini Subramaniam
- Department of Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Arpita G. Neogi
- Department of Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Christine L. Chaffer
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
- University of New South Wales, UNSW Medicine, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Jyothi S. Prabhu
- Division of Molecular Medicine, St. John’s Research Institute, St. John’s Medical College, Bangalore 560012, India
| | | | - Mohit Kumar Jolly
- Department of Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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Shukla P, Bera AK, Ghosh A, Kiranmai G, Pati F. Assessment and process optimization of high throughput biofabrication of immunocompetent breast cancer model for drug screening applications. Biofabrication 2024; 16:035030. [PMID: 38876096 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ad586b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Recent advancements in 3D cancer modeling have significantly enhanced our ability to delve into the intricacies of carcinogenesis. Despite the pharmaceutical industry's substantial investment of both capital and time in the drug screening and development pipeline, a concerning trend persists: drug candidates screened on conventional cancer models exhibit a dismal success rate in clinical trials. One pivotal factor contributing to this discrepancy is the absence of drug testing on pathophysiologically biomimetic 3D cancer models during pre-clinical stages. Unfortunately, current manual methods of 3D cancer modeling, such as spheroids and organoids, suffer from limitations in reproducibility and scalability. In our study, we have meticulously developed 3D bioprinted breast cancer model utilizing decellularized adipose tissue-based hydrogel obtained via a detergent-free decellularization method. Our innovative printing techniques allows for rapid, high-throughput fabrication of 3D cancer models in a 96-well plate format, demonstrating unmatched scalability and reproducibility. Moreover, we have conducted extensive validation, showcasing the efficacy of our platform through drug screening assays involving two potent anti-cancer drugs, 5-Fluorouracil and PRIMA-1Met. Notably, our platform facilitates effortless imaging and gene expression analysis, streamlining the evaluation process. In a bid to enhance the relevance of our cancer model, we have introduced a heterogeneous cell population into the DAT-based bioink. Through meticulous optimization and characterization, we have successfully developed a biomimetic immunocompetent breast cancer model, complete with microenvironmental cues and diverse cell populations. This breakthrough paves the way for rapid multiplex drug screening and the development of personalized cancer models, marking a paradigm shift in cancer research and pharmaceutical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanshu Shukla
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502284, Telangana, India
| | - Ashis Kumar Bera
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502284, Telangana, India
| | - Amit Ghosh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502284, Telangana, India
| | - Gaddam Kiranmai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502284, Telangana, India
| | - Falguni Pati
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502284, Telangana, India
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3
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Samanta A, Saha P, Johnson O, Bishayee A, Sinha D. Dysregulation of delta Np63 alpha in squamous cell carcinoma and its therapeutic targeting. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189034. [PMID: 38040268 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.189034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
The gene p63 has two isoforms -a full length transactivated isoform (TA) p63 and an amino-terminally truncated isoform, ∆Np63. DeltaNp63 alpha (∆Np63α) is the predominant splice variant of the isoform, ∆Np63 and is expressed in the basal layer of stratified epithelia. ∆Np63α that is normally essential for the epithelial lineage maintenance may be dysregulated in squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). The pro-tumorigenic or antitumorigenic role of ∆Np63 is a highly contentious arena. ∆Np63α may act as a double-edged sword. It may either promote tumor progression, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, migration, chemoresistance, and immune-inflammatory responses, or inhibit the aforementioned phenomena depending upon cell type and tumor microenvironment. Several signaling pathways, transforming growth factor-β, Wnt and Notch, as well as epigenetic alterations involving microRNAs, and long noncoding RNAs are regulated by ∆Np63α. This review has attempted to provide an in-depth insight into the role of ∆Np63α in the development of SCCs during different stages of tumor formation and how it may be targeted for therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurima Samanta
- Department of Receptor Biology and Tumor Metastasis, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata 700 026, West Bengal, India
| | - Priyanka Saha
- Department of Receptor Biology and Tumor Metastasis, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata 700 026, West Bengal, India
| | - Olivia Johnson
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA.
| | - Dona Sinha
- Department of Receptor Biology and Tumor Metastasis, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata 700 026, West Bengal, India.
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4
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Mundhe D, Mishra R, Basu S, Dalal S, Kumar S, Teni T. ΔNp63 overexpression promotes oral cancer cell migration through hyperactivated Activin A signaling. Exp Cell Res 2023; 431:113739. [PMID: 37567436 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Oral cancer is a common malignant tumor of the oral cavity that affects many countries with a prevalent distribution in the Indian subcontinent, with poor prognosis rate on account of locoregional metastases. Gain-of-function mutations in p53 and overexpression of its related transcription factor, p63 are both widely reported events in oral cancers. However, targeting these alterations remains a far-achieved aim due to lack of knowledge on their downstream signaling pathways. In the present study, we characterize the isoforms of p63 and using knockdown strategy, decipher the functions and oncogenic signaling of p63 in oral cancers. Using Microarray and Chromatin Immunoprecipitation experiments, we decipher a novel transcriptional regulatory axis between p63 and Activin A and establish its functional significance in migration of oral cancer cells. Using an orally bioavailable inhibitor of the Activin A pathway to attenuate oral cancer cell migration and invasion, we further demonstrate the targetability of this signaling axis. Our study highlights the oncogenic role of ΔNp63 - Activin A - SMAD2/3 signaling and provides a basis for targeting this oncogenic pathway in oral cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanashree Mundhe
- Teni Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Plot No. 1 & 2, Sector 22, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, Maharashtra, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, 2nd Floor, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rupa Mishra
- Teni Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Plot No. 1 & 2, Sector 22, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, Maharashtra, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, 2nd Floor, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, Maharashtra, India
| | - Srikanta Basu
- Cell and Tumor Biology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Plot No. 1 & 2, Sector 22, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, Maharashtra, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, 2nd Floor, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sorab Dalal
- Cell and Tumor Biology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Plot No. 1 & 2, Sector 22, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, Maharashtra, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, 2nd Floor, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- BioCOS Life Sciences Private Limited, AECS Layout, B-Block, Singasandra, Hosur Road, 851/A, Bengaluru, 560068, Karnataka, India; Department of AIML- Computer Science, School of Engineering, Dayananda Sagar University, Bengaluru, 560068, Karnataka, India
| | - Tanuja Teni
- Teni Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Plot No. 1 & 2, Sector 22, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, Maharashtra, India; Cell and Tumor Biology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Plot No. 1 & 2, Sector 22, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, Maharashtra, India.
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5
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Yang X, Yang R, Zhang Y, Shi Y, Ma M, Li F, Xie Y, Han X, Liu S. Xianlinglianxiafang Inhibited the growth and metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer via activating PPARγ/AMPK signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115164. [PMID: 37478577 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer characterized by high invasion and metastasis rates. Xian-Ling-Lian-Xia formula (XLLX) is a traditional Chinese medicine prescription widely used in China for treating TNBC. Clinical studies have shown that XLLX significantly reduces the recurrence and metastasis rate of TNBC and improves disease-free survival. However, the potential molecular mechanisms of XLLX on TNBC are not clear yet. Here, we investigated the effects of XLLX on TNBC using a mouse model and tumor cell lines. The results showed that XLLX significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities of TNBC cell lines MDA-MB-231 and 4T1 in vitro, induced apoptosis, and regulated the expression of proliferation, apoptosis, and EMT marker proteins in tumor cells. In in vivo experiments, XLLX treatment significantly reduced the progression of TNBC tumors and lung metastasis. Transcriptomics reveals that XLLX treatment significantly enriched differentially expressed genes in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathways. The western blot results confirmed that XLLX significantly upregulated the protein expression of PPARγ and p-AMPK in TNBC cells, tumors, and lung tissues. It is noteworthy that GW9662 (a PPARγ inhibitor) and Compound C (an AMPK inhibitor) partially reversed the anti-proliferation and anti-metastasis effects of XLLX in TNBC cells. Therefore, XLLX may effectively inhibit the growth and metastasis of TNBC by activating the PPARγ/AMPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Yang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Yang
- department of breast surgery, Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Shanxi, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Youyang Shi
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei Ma
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Feifei Li
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Xie
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xianghui Han
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Sheng Liu
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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6
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Tsujioka M, Miyazawa K, Ohmuraya M, Nibe Y, Shirokawa T, Hayasaka H, Mizushima T, Fukuma T, Shimizu S. Identification of a novel type of focal adhesion remodelling via FAK/FRNK replacement, and its contribution to cancer progression. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:256. [PMID: 37031228 PMCID: PMC10082854 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05774-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have investigated the various cellular responses against genotoxic stress, including those mediated by focal adhesions. We here identified a novel type of focal adhesion remodelling that occurs under genotoxic stress conditions, which involves the replacement of active focal adhesion kinase (FAK) with FAK-related non-kinase (FRNK). FRNK stabilized focal adhesions, leading to strong cell-matrix adhesion, and FRNK-depleted cells were easily detached from extracellular matrix upon genotoxic stress. This remodelling occurred in a wide variety of cells. In vivo, the stomachs of Frnk-knockout mice were severely damaged by genotoxic stress, highlighting the protective role of FRNK against genotoxic stress. FRNK was also found to play a vital role in cancer progression, because FRNK depletion significantly inhibited cancer dissemination and progression in a mouse cancer model. Furthermore, in human cancers, FRNK was predominantly expressed in metastatic tissues and not in primary tissues. We hence conclude that this novel type of focal adhesion remodelling reinforces cell adhesion and acts against genotoxic stress, which results in the protection of normal tissues, but in turn facilitates cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatsune Tsujioka
- Department of Pathological Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.
| | - Keisuke Miyazawa
- Division of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
- Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Masaki Ohmuraya
- Department of Genetics, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Yoichi Nibe
- Department of Pathological Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Shirokawa
- Division of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Haruko Hayasaka
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science & Engineering, Kindai University, Higashi-osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Tsunekazu Mizushima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takeshi Fukuma
- Division of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
- Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Shigeomi Shimizu
- Department of Pathological Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.
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7
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Glathar AR, Oyelakin A, Nayak KB, Sosa J, Romano RA, Sinha S. A Systemic and Integrated Analysis of p63-Driven Regulatory Networks in Mouse Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:446. [PMID: 36672394 PMCID: PMC9856320 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15020446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common malignancy of the oral cavity and is linked to tobacco exposure, alcohol consumption, and human papillomavirus infection. Despite therapeutic advances, a lack of molecular understanding of disease etiology, and delayed diagnoses continue to negatively affect survival. The identification of oncogenic drivers and prognostic biomarkers by leveraging bulk and single-cell RNA-sequencing datasets of OSCC can lead to more targeted therapies and improved patient outcomes. However, the generation, analysis, and continued utilization of additional genetic and genomic tools are warranted. Tobacco-induced OSCC can be modeled in mice via 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO), which generates a spectrum of neoplastic lesions mimicking human OSCC and upregulates the oncogenic master transcription factor p63. Here, we molecularly characterized established mouse 4NQO treatment-derived OSCC cell lines and utilized RNA and chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing to uncover the global p63 gene regulatory and signaling network. We integrated our p63 datasets with published bulk and single-cell RNA-sequencing of mouse 4NQO-treated tongue and esophageal tumors, respectively, to generate a p63-driven gene signature that sheds new light on the role of p63 in murine OSCC. Our analyses reveal known and novel players, such as COTL1, that are regulated by p63 and influence various oncogenic processes, including metastasis. The identification of new sets of potential biomarkers and pathways, some of which are functionally conserved in human OSCC and can prognosticate patient survival, offers new avenues for future mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Ruth Glathar
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Akinsola Oyelakin
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Kasturi Bala Nayak
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Jennifer Sosa
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Rose-Anne Romano
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Satrajit Sinha
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
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Ma W, Han X, Shasaltaneh MD, Hosseinifard H, Maghsoudloo M, Zhang Y, Weng Q, Wang Q, Wen Q, Imani S. The p110α/ΔNp63α complex mutations in triple-negative breast cancer: Potential targets for transcriptional-based therapies. Tumour Biol 2023; 45:127-146. [PMID: 37980588 DOI: 10.3233/tub-230013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hotspot mutations occurring in the p110α domain of the PIK3CA gene, specifically p110αH1047R/L increase tumor metastasis and cell motility in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). These mutations also affect the transcriptional regulation of ΔNp63α, a significant isoform of the p53 protein involved in cancer progression. This study attempts to investigate the transcriptional impact of p110αH1047R/L mutations on the PIK3CA/ΔNp63α complex in TNBC carcinogenesis. METHODS We performed site-directed mutagenesis to introduce p110αH1047R/L mutations and evaluated their oncogenic effects on the growth, invasion, migration, and apoptosis of three different TNBC cell lines in vitro. We investigated the impact of these mutations on the p110α/ΔNp63α complex and downstream transcriptional signaling pathways at the gene and protein levels. Additionally, we used bioinformatics techniques such as molecular dynamics simulations and protein-protein docking to gain insight into the stability and structural changes induced by the p110αH1047R/L mutations in the p110α/ΔNp63α complex and downstream signaling pathway. RESULTS The presence of PIK3CA oncogenic hotspot mutations in the p110α/ΔNp63α complex led to increased scattering of TNBC cells during growth, migration, and invasion. Our in vitro mutagenesis assay showed that the p110αH1047R/L mutations activated the PI3K-Akt-mTOR and tyrosine kinase receptor pathways, resulting in increased cell proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis in TNBC cells. These mutations decreased the repressing effect of ΔNp63α on the p110α kinase domain, leading to the enhancement of downstream signaling pathways of PI3K and tyrosine kinase receptors and oncogenic transformation in TNBC. Additionally, our findings suggest that the physical interaction between the DNA binding domain of ΔNp63α and the kinase domain of p110α may be partially impaired, potentially leading to alterations in the conformation of the p110α/ΔNp63α complex. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that targeting the p110αH1047R/L mutations in TNBC could be a promising strategy for developing transcriptional-based therapies. Restoring the interaction between ΔNp63α and the p110α kinase domain, which is disrupted by these mutations, may provide a new approach to treating TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiong Ma
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xingping Han
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | | | - Hossein Hosseinifard
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mazaher Maghsoudloo
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, the Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuqin Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiao Weng
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Qingjing Wang
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - QingLian Wen
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Saber Imani
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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9
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Liang S, Tang X, Ye T, Xiang W. HER2 induces cell scattering and invasion through ∆Np63α and E-cadherin. Biochem Cell Biol 2022; 100:403-412. [PMID: 36073720 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2022-0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer constitutes approximately 30% of human breast cancers and is associated with poor outcomes. ∆Np63 is considered a metastasis inhibitor involved with cancer progression. This study aimed to clarify the roles and mechanisms of HER2 and ∆Np63 on scattering and invasion of MCF10A cells. Wild-type or mutant HER2 was cloned and transfected into MCF10A cells. Cell counting and transwell assays were applied to unveil the impact of HER2 upregulation and mutation on proliferation, cell scattering, and invasion. Western blotting and cell accounting were used to investigate the roles of ∆Np63 and p27. In vivo lung colonization assay was used to reveal the influences of HER2 and ∆Np63a on tumor metastasis. The results indicated HER2 remarkably enhanced cell proliferation, invasion, and scattering. Overexpression of either ΔNp63 or E-cadherin led to attenuated HER2-mediated regulation of cell migration, invasion, and scattering. Furthermore, we confirmed that HER2 enhanced cell proliferation but not migration through p27 and independent ∆Np63a. The results revealed that ∆Np63α contributed to the inhibition of HER2-induced metastasis. Collectively, our findings may further our understanding of the regulation of tumor progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Liang
- College of Modern Agriculture and Bioengineering, Yangtze Normal University, No. 16, Juxian Avenue, Fuling District, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqing Tang
- College of Modern Agriculture and Bioengineering, Yangtze Normal University, No. 16, Juxian Avenue, Fuling District, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tengqing Ye
- College of Modern Agriculture and Bioengineering, Yangtze Normal University, No. 16, Juxian Avenue, Fuling District, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xiang
- College of Modern Agriculture and Bioengineering, Yangtze Normal University, No. 16, Juxian Avenue, Fuling District, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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10
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Phosphoproteomics Identifies Significant Biomarkers Associated with the Proliferation and Metastasis of Prostate Cancer. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13080554. [PMID: 34437425 PMCID: PMC8402417 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13080554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The spider peptide toxins HNTX-III and JZTX-I are a specific inhibitor and activator of TTX-S VGSCs, respectively. They play important roles in regulating MAT-LyLu cell metastasis in prostate cancer. In order to identify key biomarkers involved in the regulation of MAT-LyLu cell metastasis, iTRAQ-based quantitative phosphoproteomics analysis was performed on cells treated with HNTX-III, JZTX-I and blank. A total of 554 unique phosphorylated proteins and 1779 distinct phosphorylated proteins were identified, while 55 and 36 phosphorylated proteins were identified as differentially expressed proteins in HNTX-III and JZTX-I treated groups compared with control groups. Multiple bioinformatics analysis based on quantitative phosphoproteomics data suggested that the differentially expressed phosphorylated proteins and peptides were significantly associated with the migration and invasion of prostate tumors. Specifically, the toxins HNTX-III and JZTX-I have opposite effects on tumor formation and metastasis by regulating the expression and phosphorylation level of causal proteins. Herein, we highlighted three key proteins EEF2, U2AF2 and FLNC which were down-regulated in HNTX-III treated cells and up-regulated in JZTX-I treated cells. They played significant roles in cancer related physiological and pathological processes. The differentially expressed phosphorylated proteins identified in this study may serve as potential biomarkers for precision medicine for prostate cancer in the near future.
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11
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Gao Y, Wang X, Li S, Zhang Z, Li X, Lin F. Identification of a DNA Methylation-Based Prognostic Signature for Patients with Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Med Sci Monit 2021; 27:e930025. [PMID: 34003815 PMCID: PMC8140526 DOI: 10.12659/msm.930025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrant DNA methylation is an important biological regulatory mechanism in malignant tumors. However, it remains underutilized for establishing prognostic models for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). MATERIAL AND METHODS Methylation data and expression data downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were used to identify differentially methylated sites (DMSs). The prognosis-related DMSs were selected by univariate Cox regression analysis. Functional enrichment was analyzed using DAVID. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using STRING. Finally, a methylation-based prognostic signature was constructed using LASSO method and further validated in 2 validation cohorts. RESULTS Firstly, we identified 743 DMSs corresponding to 332 genes, including 357 hypermethylated sites and 386 hypomethylated sites. Furthermore, we selected 103 prognosis-related DMSs by univariate Cox regression. Using a LASSO algorithm, we established a 5-DMSs prognostic signature in TCGA-TNBC cohort, which could classify TNBC patients with significant survival difference (log-rank p=4.97E-03). Patients in the high-risk group had shorter overall survival than patients in the low-risk group. The excellent performance was validated in GSE78754 (HR=2.42, 95%CI: 1.27-4.59, log-rank P=0.0055). Moreover, for disease-free survival, the prognostic performance was verified in GSE141441 (HR=2.09, 95%CI: 1.28-3.44, log-rank P=0.0027). Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that the 5-DMSs signature could serve as an independent risk factor. CONCLUSIONS We constructed a 5-DMSs signature with excellent performance for the prediction of disease-free survival and overall survival, providing a guide for clinicians in directing personalized therapeutic regimen selection of TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinqi Gao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Capital Medical University Electric Power Teaching Hospital, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Xuelong Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Capital Medical University Electric Power Teaching Hospital, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Shihui Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Capital Medical University Electric Power Teaching Hospital, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Capital Medical University Electric Power Teaching Hospital, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Xuefei Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Capital Medical University Electric Power Teaching Hospital, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Fangcai Lin
- Department of Breast Surgery, Capital Medical University Electric Power Teaching Hospital, Beijing, China (mainland)
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12
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Therapeutic aspects of AMPK in breast cancer: Progress, challenges, and future directions. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1874:188379. [PMID: 32439311 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most ubiquitous type of neoplasms among women worldwide. Molecular aberrations associated with breast development and progressions have been extensively investigated in recent years. An AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) initially identified as a cellular energy sensor that plays a crucial role in cellular energy homeostasis. Intensive research over the last decade about the molecular mechanisms of AMPK has demonstrated that AMPK mediated diverse biological functions are achieved through phosphorylation and regulation of multiple downstream signaling molecules in normal tissue. Downregulation of AMPK activity or decreased level involved in the promotion of breast tumorigenesis, and thus activation of AMPK found to oppose tumor progression. In this review, we epitomize the recent advances in exploring the tumor suppressor function of AMPK pathways. Besides, we discuss the developments in the area of AMPK activator and its molecular mechanisms for breast cancer treatment.
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13
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Liu Y, Nekulova M, Nenutil R, Horakova I, Appleyard MV, Murray K, Holcakova J, Galoczova M, Quinlan P, Jordan LB, Purdie CA, Vojtesek B, Thompson AM, Coates PJ. ∆Np63/p40 correlates with the location and phenotype of basal/mesenchymal cancer stem-like cells in human ER + and HER2 + breast cancers. JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY CLINICAL RESEARCH 2019; 6:83-93. [PMID: 31591823 PMCID: PMC6966710 DOI: 10.1002/cjp2.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
ΔNp63, also known as p40, regulates stemness of normal mammary gland epithelium and provides stem cell characteristics in basal and HER2‐driven murine breast cancer models. Whilst ΔNp63/p40 is a characteristic feature of normal basal cells and basal‐type triple‐negative breast cancer, some receptor‐positive breast cancers express ΔNp63/p40 and its overexpression imparts cancer stem cell‐like properties in ER+ cell lines. However, the incidence of ER+ and HER2+ tumours that express ΔNp63/p40 is unclear and the phenotype of ΔNp63/p40+ cells in these tumours remains uncertain. Using immunohistochemistry with p63 isoform‐specific antibodies, we identified a ΔNp63/p40+ tumour cell subpopulation in 100 of 173 (58%) non‐triple negative breast cancers and the presence of this population associated with improved survival in patients with ER−/HER2+ tumours (p = 0.006). Furthermore, 41% of ER+/PR+ and/or HER2+ locally metastatic breast cancers expressed ΔNp63/p40, and these cells commonly accounted for <1% of the metastatic tumour cell population that localised to the tumour/stroma interface, exhibited an undifferentiated phenotype and were CD44+/ALDH−. In vitro studies revealed that MCF7 and T47D (ER+) and BT‐474 (HER2+) breast cancer cell lines similarly contained a small subpopulation of ΔNp63/p40+ cells that increased in mammospheres. In vivo, MCF7 xenografts contained ΔNp63/p40+ cells with a similar phenotype to primary ER+ cancers. Consistent with tumour samples, these cells also showed a distinct location at the tumour/stroma interface, suggesting a role for paracrine factors in the induction or maintenance of ΔNp63/p40. Thus, ΔNp63/p40 is commonly present in a small population of tumour cells with a distinct phenotype and location in ER+ and/or HER2+ human breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Liu
- NCRC, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Marta Nekulova
- Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Rudolf Nenutil
- Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Horakova
- Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - M Virginia Appleyard
- Dundee Cancer Centre, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - Karen Murray
- Dundee Cancer Centre, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - Jitka Holcakova
- Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Galoczova
- Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Philip Quinlan
- Advanced Data Analysis Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Lee B Jordan
- Department of Pathology, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - Colin A Purdie
- Department of Pathology, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - Borivoj Vojtesek
- Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alastair M Thompson
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Philip J Coates
- Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
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14
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Cheboub A, Regouat N, Djidjik R, Slimani A, Hadj-Bekkouche F. Short-term aromatase inhibition induces prostatic alterations in adult wistar rat: A biochemical, histopathological and immunohistochemical study. Acta Histochem 2019; 121:151441. [PMID: 31522738 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2019.151441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate the effects of estrogen reduction on amyloid deposition, some lipid metabolism and oxidative stress markers, PSA-like production and p63 expression in the prostate of the adult rat. METHODS Aromatase inhibitor: Formestane (4-OHA), was administrated to male rats, at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg b.w./day, for 10 days. The control group (CONT) received the same volume of placebo injection (NaCl 0.9%). RESULTS 4-OHA treatment induced a significant accumulation of intraprostatic cholesterol (138.90 ± 17.64 vs 85.12 ± 2.87, p = 0.01); against an insignificant diminution of malondialdehyde (412.6 ± 54.35 vs 842.70 ± 336.50, p > 0.05) and glutathione (2.40 ± 0.23 vs 3.65 ± 0.88, p > 0.05). This was associated with a significant decrease of nitric oxide (31.76 ± 7.07 vs 179.40 ± 58.35, p = 0.024). Additionally, 4-OHA significantly increased the intraprostatic production of PSA-like (11.12 ± 2.78 vs 3.91 ± 0.43, p = 0.043). The prostatic histology revealed an amyloid deposition, in all prostatic lobes and a smooth muscle layer growth (p < 0.05); especially significant in the dorsal and lateral lobes. Theses lobes manifested a basal cells proliferation, with a 3-fold increase of p63 expression (p < 0.001). The ventral lobe presented epithelial atrophy (37.80 ± 16.20 vs 167.60 ± 5.16, p < 0.05); with occasional and significant proliferative foci (247.00 ± 9.573 vs 167.60 ± 5.16 p < 0.05). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Aromatase inhibition, in the adult male rat, alters the prostatic function by reducing nitric oxide availability and inducing amyloid deposition along with limiting the differentiation of basal cells, through a lobe-specific p63-overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Cheboub
- Faculty of Biology Sciences, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene, Algeria.
| | - Nadia Regouat
- Faculty of Biology Sciences, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene, Algeria
| | - Reda Djidjik
- Immunology Service of Isaad Hassani-Beni Messous Hospital, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Assia Slimani
- Pathological Anatomy Service of Isaad Hassani-Beni Messous Hospital, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Fatima Hadj-Bekkouche
- Faculty of Biology Sciences, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene, Algeria
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Kumar S, Wilkes DW, Samuel N, Blanco MA, Nayak A, Alicea-Torres K, Gluck C, Sinha S, Gabrilovich D, Chakrabarti R. ΔNp63-driven recruitment of myeloid-derived suppressor cells promotes metastasis in triple-negative breast cancer. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:5095-5109. [PMID: 30295647 DOI: 10.1172/jci99673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is particularly aggressive, with enhanced incidence of tumor relapse, resistance to chemotherapy, and metastases. As the mechanistic basis for this aggressive phenotype is unclear, treatment options are limited. Here, we showed an increased population of myeloid-derived immunosuppressor cells (MDSCs) in TNBC patients compared with non-TNBC patients. We found that high levels of the transcription factor ΔNp63 correlate with an increased number of MDSCs in basal TNBC patients, and that ΔNp63 promotes tumor growth, progression, and metastasis in human and mouse TNBC cells. Furthermore, we showed that MDSC recruitment to the primary tumor and metastatic sites occurs via direct ΔNp63-dependent activation of the chemokines CXCL2 and CCL22. CXCR2/CCR4 inhibitors reduced MDSC recruitment, angiogenesis, and metastasis, highlighting a novel treatment option for this subset of TNBC patients. Finally, we found that MDSCs secrete prometastatic factors such as MMP9 and chitinase 3-like 1 to promote TNBC cancer stem cell function, thereby identifying a nonimmunologic role for MDSCs in promoting TNBC progression. These findings identify a unique crosstalk between ΔNp63+ TNBC cells and MDSCs that promotes tumor progression and metastasis, which could be exploited in future combined immunotherapy/chemotherapy strategies for TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushil Kumar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David W Wilkes
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nina Samuel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mario Andres Blanco
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anupma Nayak
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Christian Gluck
- Department of Biochemistry, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Satrajit Sinha
- Department of Biochemistry, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | | | - Rumela Chakrabarti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Maziveyi M, Alahari SK. Cell matrix adhesions in cancer: The proteins that form the glue. Oncotarget 2018; 8:48471-48487. [PMID: 28476046 PMCID: PMC5564663 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The main purposes of Integrin-mediated cell contacts are to interpret bi-directional signals between the extracellular environment and intracellular proteins, as well as, anchor the cell to a matrix. Many cell adhesion molecules have been discovered with a wide spectrum of responsibilities, including recruiting, activating, elongating, and maintaining. This review will perlustrate some of the key incidences that precede focal adhesion formation. Tyrosine phosphorylation is a key signaling initiation event that leads to the recruitment of multiple proteins to focal adhesion sites. Recruitment and concentration of proteins such as Paxillin and Vinculin to Integrin clutches is necessary for focal adhesion development. The assembled networks are responsible for transmitting signals back and forth from the extracellular matrix (ECM) to Actin and its binding proteins. Cancer cells exhibit highly altered focal adhesion dynamics. This review will highlight some key discoveries in cancer cell adhesion, as well as, identify current gaps in knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazvita Maziveyi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Suresh K Alahari
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
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p63 isoforms in triple-negative breast cancer: ΔNp63 associates with the basal phenotype whereas TAp63 associates with androgen receptor, lack of BRCA mutation, PTEN and improved survival. Virchows Arch 2018; 472:351-359. [PMID: 29484502 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-018-2324-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The TP63 gene encodes two major protein variants that differ in their N-terminal sequences and have opposing effects. In breast, ΔNp63 is expressed by immature stem/progenitor cells and mature myoepithelial/basal cells and is a characteristic feature of basal-like triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs). The expression and potential role of TAp63 in the mammary gland and breast cancers is less clear, partly due to the lack of studies that employ p63 isoform-specific antibodies. We used immunohistochemistry with ΔNp63-specific or TAp63-specific monoclonal antibodies to investigate p63 isoforms in 236 TNBCs. TAp63, but not ΔNp63, was seen in tumour-associated lymphocytes and other stromal cells. Tumour cells showed nuclear staining for ΔNp63 in 17% of TNBCs compared to 7.3% that were positive for TAp63. Whilst most TAp63+ tumours also contained ΔNp63+ cells, the levels of the two isoforms were independent of each other. ΔNp63 associated with metaplastic and medullary cancers, and with a basal phenotype, whereas TAp63 associated with androgen receptor, BRCA1/2 wild-type status and PTEN positivity. Despite the proposed effects of p63 on proliferation, Ki67 did not correlate with either p63 isoform, nor did they associate with p53 mutation status. ΔNp63 showed no association with patient outcomes, whereas TAp63+ patients showed fewer recurrences and improved overall survival. These findings indicate that both major p63 protein isoforms are expressed in TNBCs with different tumour characteristics, indicating distinct functional activities of p63 variants in breast cancer. Analysis of individual p63 isoforms provides additional information into TNBC biology, with TAp63 expression indicating improved prognosis.
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18
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ΔNp63 activates EGFR signaling to induce loss of adhesion in triple-negative basal-like breast cancer cells. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2017; 163:475-484. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-017-4216-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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