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Cui P, Li X, Huang C, Lin D. Metabolomics-driven discovery of therapeutic targets for cancer cachexia. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2024; 15:781-793. [PMID: 38644205 PMCID: PMC11154780 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia (CC) is a devastating metabolic syndrome characterized by skeletal muscle wasting and body weight loss, posing a significant burden on the health and survival of cancer patients. Despite ongoing efforts, effective treatments for CC are still lacking. Metabolomics, an advanced omics technique, offers a comprehensive analysis of small-molecule metabolites involved in cellular metabolism. In CC research, metabolomics has emerged as a valuable tool for identifying diagnostic biomarkers, unravelling molecular mechanisms and discovering potential therapeutic targets. A comprehensive search strategy was implemented to retrieve relevant articles from primary databases, including Web of Science, Google Scholar, Scopus and PubMed, for CC and metabolomics. Recent advancements in metabolomics have deepened our understanding of CC by uncovering key metabolic signatures and elucidating underlying mechanisms. By targeting crucial metabolic pathways including glucose metabolism, amino acid metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, bile acid metabolism, ketone body metabolism, steroid metabolism and mitochondrial energy metabolism, it becomes possible to restore metabolic balance and alleviate CC symptoms. This review provides a comprehensive summary of metabolomics studies in CC, focusing on the discovery of potential therapeutic targets and the evaluation of modulating specific metabolic pathways for CC treatment. By harnessing the insights derived from metabolomics, novel interventions for CC can be developed, leading to improved patient outcomes and enhanced quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Cui
- College of Food and PharmacyXuchang UniversityXuchangChina
| | - Xiaoyi Li
- Xuchang Central HospitalXuchangChina
| | - Caihua Huang
- Research and Communication Center of Exercise and HealthXiamen University of TechnologyXiamenChina
| | - Donghai Lin
- Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
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2
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Xing J, Qi X, Liu G, Li X, Gao X, Bou G, Bai D, Zhao Y, Du M, Dugarjaviin M, Zhang X. A Transcriptomic Regulatory Network among miRNAs, lncRNAs, circRNAs, and mRNAs Associated with L-leucine-induced Proliferation of Equine Satellite Cells. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13020208. [PMID: 36670748 PMCID: PMC9854542 DOI: 10.3390/ani13020208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In response to muscle injury, muscle stem cells are stimulated by environmental signals to integrate into damaged tissue to mediate regeneration. L-leucine (L-leu), a branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) that belongs to the essential amino acids (AAs) of the animal, has gained global interest on account of its muscle-building and regenerating effects. The present study was designed to investigate the impact of L-leu exposure to promote the proliferation of equine skeletal muscle satellite cells (SCs) on the regulation of RNA networks, including mRNA, long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), covalently closed circular RNA (circRNA), and microRNA (miRNA) in skeletal muscles. Equine SCs were used as a cell model and cultured in different concentrations of L-leu medium. The cell proliferation assay found that the optimal concentration of L-leu was 2 mM, so we selected cells cultured with L-leu concentrations of 0 mM and 2 mM for whole-transcriptiome sequencing, respectively. By high-throughput sequencing analysis, 2470 differentially expressed mRNAs (dif-mRNAs), 363 differentially expressed lncRNAs (dif-lncRNAs), 634 differentially expressed circRNAs (dif-circRNAs), and 49 differentially expressed miRNAs (dif-miRNAs) were significantly altered in equine SCs treated with L-leu. To identify the function of autoimmunity and anti-inflammatory responses after L-leu exposure, enrichment analysis was conducted on those differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to lncRNA, circRNA, and miRNA. The hub genes were selected from PPI Network, including ACACB, HMGCR, IDI1, HAO1, SHMT2, PSPH, PSAT1, ASS1, PHGDH, MTHFD2, and DPYD, and were further identified as candidate biomarkers to regulate the L-leu-induced proliferation of equine SCs. The up-regulated novel 699_star, down-regulated novel 170_star, and novel 360_mature were significantly involved in the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) complex network. The hub genes involved in cell metabolism and dif-miRNAs may play fundamental roles in the L-leu-induced proliferation of equine SCs. Our findings suggested that the potential network regulation of miRNAs, circ-RNAs, lncRNAs, and mRNAs plays an important role in the proliferation of equine SCs, so as to build up new perspectives on improving equine performance and treatment strategies for the muscle injuries of horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingya Xing
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Equine Research Center, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Xingzhen Qi
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Breeding and Ecological Feeding, College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Guiqin Liu
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Breeding and Ecological Feeding, College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Equine Research Center, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Xing Gao
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Equine Research Center, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Gerelchimeg Bou
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Equine Research Center, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Dongyi Bai
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Equine Research Center, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Yiping Zhao
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Equine Research Center, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Ming Du
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Equine Research Center, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Manglai Dugarjaviin
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Equine Research Center, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Xinzhuang Zhang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Equine Research Center, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
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Beaudry AG, Law ML. Leucine Supplementation in Cancer Cachexia: Mechanisms and a Review of the Pre-Clinical Literature. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142824. [PMID: 35889781 PMCID: PMC9323748 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia (CC) is a complex syndrome of bodily wasting and progressive functional decline. Unlike starvation, cachexia cannot be reversed by increased energy intake alone. Nonetheless, targeted nutritional support is a necessary component in multimodal syndrome management. Due to the highly catabolic nature of cancer cachexia, amino acid supplementation has been proposed. Interestingly, leucine has been found to increase protein synthesis and decrease protein degradation via mTORC1 pathway activation. Multiple pre-clinical studies have explored the impact of leucine supplementation in cachectic tumor-bearing hosts. Here, we provide an overview of leucine’s proposed modes of action to preserve lean mass in cachexia and review the current pre-clinical literature related to leucine supplementation during CC. Current research indicates that a leucine-rich diet may attenuate CC symptomology; however, these works are difficult to compare due to methodological differences. There is need for further pre-clinical work exploring leucine’s potential ability to modulate protein turnover and immune response during CC, as well as the impact of additive leucine on tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna G. Beaudry
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Robbins College of Health and Human Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76706, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Michelle L. Law
- Department of Human Sciences and Design, Robbins College of Health and Human Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76706, USA;
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Cui P, Li X, Huang C, Li Q, Lin D. Metabolomics and its Applications in Cancer Cachexia. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:789889. [PMID: 35198602 PMCID: PMC8860494 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.789889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia (CC) is a complicated metabolic derangement and muscle wasting syndrome, affecting 50–80% cancer patients. So far, molecular mechanisms underlying CC remain elusive. Metabolomics techniques have been used to study metabolic shifts including changes of metabolite concentrations and disturbed metabolic pathways in the progression of CC, and expand further fundamental understanding of muscle loss. In this article, we aim to review the research progress and applications of metabolomics on CC in the past decade, and provide a theoretical basis for the study of prediction, early diagnosis, and therapy of CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Cui
- College of Food and Pharmacy, Xuchang University, Xuchang, China
| | - Xiaoyi Li
- Xuchang Central Hospital, Xuchang, China
| | - Caihua Huang
- Department of Physical Education, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, China
| | - Qinxi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Donghai Lin
- Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- *Correspondence: Donghai Lin,
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Miyaguti NADS, Chiocchetti GDME, Salgado CDM, Lopes-Aguiar L, Viana LR, Blanchard L, dos Santos RW, Gomes-Marcondes MCC. Walker-256 Tumour-Induced Cachexia Altered Liver Metabolomic Profile and Function in Weanling and Adult Rats. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11120831. [PMID: 34940589 PMCID: PMC8705353 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11120831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia occurs in up to 85% of advanced cancer patients, affecting different tissues and organs, mainly the liver, which plays a central role in body metabolism control. However, liver responses to cancer cachexia progression are still poorly understood. Considering the possible different challenges provided by the rodent’s phase of life and the cachexia progression, we evaluated the liver metabolic alterations affected by Walker-256 tumour growth in weanling and young-adult rats. For this, we applied a metabolomics approach associated with protein and gene expression analyses. Higher amino acid levels and impaired glucose metabolism were important features in tumour-bearing animals’ liver tissue. The weanling hosts had more pronounced cachexia, with higher carcass spoliation, liver lipid metabolism and impaired CII and CIV mitochondrial complexes. The liver alterations in young adult tumour-bearing rats were related to energy status and nucleotide metabolites, such as uridine, NAD+, xanthosine, hypoxanthine and inosine. In conclusion, the Walker-256 tumour-induced cachexia impaired liver metabolism, being more severe in the weanling hosts. Further studies are needed to correlate these changes in the preclinical model, which can be correlated to the clinical features of cancer cachexia, allowing for a translational potential involving the liver function and its responses to potential treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Angelo da Silva Miyaguti
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Cancer, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Biology Institute, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Campinas 13083862, SP, Brazil; (G.d.M.e.C.); (C.d.M.S.); (L.L.-A.); (L.R.V.); (L.B.); (R.W.d.S.)
- Correspondence: (N.A.d.S.M.); (M.C.C.G.-M.); Tel.: +55-19-3521-6194 (M.C.C.G.-M.)
| | - Gabriela de Matuoka e Chiocchetti
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Cancer, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Biology Institute, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Campinas 13083862, SP, Brazil; (G.d.M.e.C.); (C.d.M.S.); (L.L.-A.); (L.R.V.); (L.B.); (R.W.d.S.)
| | - Carla de Moraes Salgado
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Cancer, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Biology Institute, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Campinas 13083862, SP, Brazil; (G.d.M.e.C.); (C.d.M.S.); (L.L.-A.); (L.R.V.); (L.B.); (R.W.d.S.)
| | - Leisa Lopes-Aguiar
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Cancer, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Biology Institute, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Campinas 13083862, SP, Brazil; (G.d.M.e.C.); (C.d.M.S.); (L.L.-A.); (L.R.V.); (L.B.); (R.W.d.S.)
| | - Lais Rosa Viana
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Cancer, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Biology Institute, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Campinas 13083862, SP, Brazil; (G.d.M.e.C.); (C.d.M.S.); (L.L.-A.); (L.R.V.); (L.B.); (R.W.d.S.)
| | - Lea Blanchard
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Cancer, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Biology Institute, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Campinas 13083862, SP, Brazil; (G.d.M.e.C.); (C.d.M.S.); (L.L.-A.); (L.R.V.); (L.B.); (R.W.d.S.)
- Biology Department, Université d’Angers, 4900 Angers, France
| | - Rogério Willians dos Santos
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Cancer, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Biology Institute, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Campinas 13083862, SP, Brazil; (G.d.M.e.C.); (C.d.M.S.); (L.L.-A.); (L.R.V.); (L.B.); (R.W.d.S.)
| | - Maria Cristina Cintra Gomes-Marcondes
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Cancer, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Biology Institute, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Campinas 13083862, SP, Brazil; (G.d.M.e.C.); (C.d.M.S.); (L.L.-A.); (L.R.V.); (L.B.); (R.W.d.S.)
- Correspondence: (N.A.d.S.M.); (M.C.C.G.-M.); Tel.: +55-19-3521-6194 (M.C.C.G.-M.)
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Leucine-Rich Diet Improved Muscle Function in Cachectic Walker 256 Tumour-Bearing Wistar Rats. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123272. [PMID: 34943780 PMCID: PMC8699792 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy occurs in several pathological conditions, such as cancer, especially during cancer-induced cachexia. This condition is associated with increased morbidity and poor treatment response, decreased quality of life, and increased mortality in cancer patients. A leucine-rich diet could be used as a coadjutant therapy to prevent muscle atrophy in patients suffering from cancer cachexia. Besides muscle atrophy, muscle function loss is even more important to patient quality of life. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the potential beneficial effects of leucine supplementation on whole-body functional/movement properties, as well as some markers of muscle breakdown and inflammatory status. Adult Wistar rats were randomly distributed into four experimental groups. Two groups were fed with a control diet (18% protein): Control (C) and Walker 256 tumour-bearing (W), and two other groups were fed with a leucine-rich diet (18% protein + 3% leucine): Leucine Control (L) and Leucine Walker 256 tumour-bearing (LW). A functional analysis (walking, behaviour, and strength tests) was performed before and after tumour inoculation. Cachexia parameters such as body weight loss, muscle and fat mass, pro-inflammatory cytokine profile, and molecular and morphological aspects of skeletal muscle were also determined. As expected, Walker 256 tumour growth led to muscle function decline, cachexia manifestation symptoms, muscle fibre cross-section area reduction, and classical muscle protein degradation pathway activation, with upregulation of FoxO1, MuRF-1, and 20S proteins. On the other hand, despite having no effect on the walking test, inflammation status or muscle oxidative capacity, the leucine-rich diet improved muscle strength and behaviour performance, maintained body weight, fat and muscle mass and decreased some protein degradation markers in Walker 256 tumour-bearing rats. Indeed, a leucine-rich diet alone could not completely revert cachexia but could potentially diminish muscle protein degradation, leading to better muscle functional performance in cancer cachexia.
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Su F, Wang H, Wang Y, Ye L, Zhu P, Gu J, Su W. NMR-based Metabolomic Techniques Identify the Anticancer Effects of Three Polyphyllins in HepG2 Cells. CURR PHARM ANAL 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1573412917666210823090145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Rhizoma Paridis (RP) is a traditional Chinese herb used for the treatment of
tumors, detoxification and hemostasia. Studies show the main components of RP are Polyphyllin I
(PPI), polyphyllin VI (PPVI), and polyphyllin VII (PPVII). However, the pharmaco-mechanisms of
these compounds are not clear.
Objective:
By used 1
H nuclear magnetic resonance (1
H-NMR) based metabolomics approach to identify the Anticancer effects of PPI, PPVI and PPVII in HepG2 cells.
Methods 1
H nuclear magnetic resonance (1
H-NMR) based metabolomics approach was applied to investigate the toxicological effect of PPI, PPVI, PPVII on HepG2 cells. Multivariate statistical analysis
was employed to examine the metabolic changes and abnormal metabolic pathways, including Principal
Component Analysis (PCA), Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA), and orthogonal
PLS-DA (OPLS-DA).
Results:
The results showed that the effects of metabolic phenotypes were affected separately by PPI,
PPVI, and PPVII. The metabolic phenotypes were also changed over time. The characteristic metabolites were varied by affecting different polyphylins, which were identified by the reconstructed OPLSDA loading plots. According to the characteristic metabolites, the mainly disturbed metabolic pathways
were found, such as alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, pyruvate metabolism, glycine, serine,
and threonine metabolism.
Conclusion:
The current work could allow us to understand the therapeutic effect of RP in metabolism. It also indicated that RP would be a promising candidate for liver cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Su
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Haibo Wang
- Zhejiang Hongyuan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Linhai 317000, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Lv Ye
- Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Peixi Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Jinping Gu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Weike Su
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou 310000, China
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Talib WH, Mahmod AI, Kamal A, Rashid HM, Alashqar AMD, Khater S, Jamal D, Waly M. Ketogenic Diet in Cancer Prevention and Therapy: Molecular Targets and Therapeutic Opportunities. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2021; 43:558-589. [PMID: 34287243 PMCID: PMC8928964 DOI: 10.3390/cimb43020042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although cancer is still one of the most significant global challenges facing public health, the world still lacks complementary approaches that would significantly enhance the efficacy of standard anticancer therapies. One of the essential strategies during cancer treatment is following a healthy diet program. The ketogenic diet (KD) has recently emerged as a metabolic therapy in cancer treatment, targeting cancer cell metabolism rather than a conventional dietary approach. The ketogenic diet (KD), a high-fat and very-low-carbohydrate with adequate amounts of protein, has shown antitumor effects by reducing energy supplies to cells. This low energy supply inhibits tumor growth, explaining the ketogenic diet's therapeutic mechanisms in cancer treatment. This review highlights the crucial mechanisms that explain the ketogenic diet's potential antitumor effects, which probably produces an unfavorable metabolic environment for cancer cells and can be used as a promising adjuvant in cancer therapy. Studies discussed in this review provide a solid background for researchers and physicians to design new combination therapies based on KD and conventional therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wamidh H. Talib
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan; (A.I.M.); (A.K.); (H.M.R.); (A.M.D.A.); (S.K.); (D.J.)
| | - Asma Ismail Mahmod
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan; (A.I.M.); (A.K.); (H.M.R.); (A.M.D.A.); (S.K.); (D.J.)
| | - Ayah Kamal
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan; (A.I.M.); (A.K.); (H.M.R.); (A.M.D.A.); (S.K.); (D.J.)
| | - Hasan M. Rashid
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan; (A.I.M.); (A.K.); (H.M.R.); (A.M.D.A.); (S.K.); (D.J.)
| | - Aya M. D. Alashqar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan; (A.I.M.); (A.K.); (H.M.R.); (A.M.D.A.); (S.K.); (D.J.)
| | - Samar Khater
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan; (A.I.M.); (A.K.); (H.M.R.); (A.M.D.A.); (S.K.); (D.J.)
| | - Duaa Jamal
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan; (A.I.M.); (A.K.); (H.M.R.); (A.M.D.A.); (S.K.); (D.J.)
| | - Mostafa Waly
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud 34-123, Oman;
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Chiocchetti GDME, Lopes-Aguiar L, Miyaguti NADS, Viana LR, Salgado CDM, Orvoën OO, Florindo D, dos Santos RW, Cintra Gomes-Marcondes MC. A Time-Course Comparison of Skeletal Muscle Metabolomic Alterations in Walker-256 Tumour-Bearing Rats at Different Stages of Life. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11060404. [PMID: 34202988 PMCID: PMC8234487 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11060404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia is a severe wasting condition that needs further study to find ways to minimise the effects of damage and poor prognosis. Skeletal muscle is the most impacted tissue in cancer cachexia; thus, elucidation of its metabolic alterations could provide a direct clue for biomarker research and be applied to detect this syndrome earlier. In addition, concerning the significant changes in the host metabolism across life, this study aimed to compare the metabolic muscle changes in cachectic tumour-bearing hosts at different ages. We performed 1H-NMR metabolomics in the gastrocnemius muscle in weanling and young adult Walker-256 tumour-bearing rats at different stages of tumour evolution (initial, intermediate, and advanced). Among the 49 metabolites identified, 24 were significantly affected throughout tumour evolution and 21 were significantly affected regarding animal age. The altered metabolites were mainly related to increased amino acid levels and changed energetic metabolism in the skeletal muscle, suggesting an expressive catabolic process and diverted energy production, especially in advanced tumour stages in both groups. Moreover, these changes were more severe in weanling hosts throughout tumour evolution, suggesting the distinct impact of cancer cachexia regarding the host's age, highlighting the need to adopting the right animal age when studying cancer cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela de Matuoka e Chiocchetti
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Cancer, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Biology Institute, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Campinas 13083862, SP, Brazil; (L.L.-A.); (N.A.d.S.M.); (L.R.V.); (C.d.M.S.); (O.O.O.); (D.F.); (R.W.d.S.)
- Correspondence: (G.d.M.e.C.); (M.C.C.G.-M.); Tel.: +55-19-3521-6194 (M.C.C.G.-M.)
| | - Leisa Lopes-Aguiar
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Cancer, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Biology Institute, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Campinas 13083862, SP, Brazil; (L.L.-A.); (N.A.d.S.M.); (L.R.V.); (C.d.M.S.); (O.O.O.); (D.F.); (R.W.d.S.)
| | - Natália Angelo da Silva Miyaguti
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Cancer, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Biology Institute, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Campinas 13083862, SP, Brazil; (L.L.-A.); (N.A.d.S.M.); (L.R.V.); (C.d.M.S.); (O.O.O.); (D.F.); (R.W.d.S.)
| | - Lais Rosa Viana
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Cancer, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Biology Institute, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Campinas 13083862, SP, Brazil; (L.L.-A.); (N.A.d.S.M.); (L.R.V.); (C.d.M.S.); (O.O.O.); (D.F.); (R.W.d.S.)
| | - Carla de Moraes Salgado
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Cancer, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Biology Institute, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Campinas 13083862, SP, Brazil; (L.L.-A.); (N.A.d.S.M.); (L.R.V.); (C.d.M.S.); (O.O.O.); (D.F.); (R.W.d.S.)
| | - Ophelie Ocean Orvoën
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Cancer, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Biology Institute, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Campinas 13083862, SP, Brazil; (L.L.-A.); (N.A.d.S.M.); (L.R.V.); (C.d.M.S.); (O.O.O.); (D.F.); (R.W.d.S.)
- Biology Department, University of Angers, 49000 Anger, France
| | - Derly Florindo
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Cancer, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Biology Institute, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Campinas 13083862, SP, Brazil; (L.L.-A.); (N.A.d.S.M.); (L.R.V.); (C.d.M.S.); (O.O.O.); (D.F.); (R.W.d.S.)
| | - Rogério Williams dos Santos
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Cancer, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Biology Institute, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Campinas 13083862, SP, Brazil; (L.L.-A.); (N.A.d.S.M.); (L.R.V.); (C.d.M.S.); (O.O.O.); (D.F.); (R.W.d.S.)
| | - Maria Cristina Cintra Gomes-Marcondes
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Cancer, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Biology Institute, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Campinas 13083862, SP, Brazil; (L.L.-A.); (N.A.d.S.M.); (L.R.V.); (C.d.M.S.); (O.O.O.); (D.F.); (R.W.d.S.)
- Correspondence: (G.d.M.e.C.); (M.C.C.G.-M.); Tel.: +55-19-3521-6194 (M.C.C.G.-M.)
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10
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Wijler LA, Raats DAE, Elias SG, Dijk FJ, Quirindongo H, May AM, Furber MJW, Dorresteijn B, van Dijk M, Kranenburg O. Specialized nutrition improves muscle function and physical activity without affecting chemotherapy efficacy in C26 tumour-bearing mice. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2021; 12:796-810. [PMID: 33956410 PMCID: PMC8200448 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle wasting and fatigue are commonly observed in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy and associated with reduced treatment outcome and quality of life. Nutritional support may mitigate these side effects, but potential interference with chemotherapy efficacy could be of concern. Here, we investigated the effects of an ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid), leucine-enriched, high-protein (100% whey), additional vitamin D, and prebiotic fibres 'specific nutritional composition' (SNC) and chemotherapy on state-of-the-art tumour organoids and muscle cells and studied muscle function, physical activity, systemic inflammation, and chemotherapy efficacy in a mouse model of aggressive colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS Tumour-bearing mice received a diet with or without SNC. Chemotherapy treatment consisted of oxaliplatin and 5-fluorouracil. Tumour formation was monitored by calliper measurements. Physical activity was continuously monitored by infrared imaging. Ex vivo muscle performance was determined by myography, muscle fatty acid composition by gas chromatography, and plasma cytokine levels by Luminex xMAP technology. Patient-derived CRC organoids and C2C12 myotubes were used to determine whether SNC affects chemotherapy sensitivity in vitro. RESULTS Specific nutritional composition increased muscle contraction capacity of chemotherapy-treated tumour-bearing mice (P < 0.05) and enriched ω-3 fatty acid composition in muscle without affecting treatment efficacy (P < 0.0001). Mice receiving SNC maintained physical activity after chemotherapy and showed decreased systemic inflammation. Therapeutic response of CRC organoids was unaffected by SNC nutrients, while cell viability and protein synthesis of muscle cells significantly improved. CONCLUSIONS The results show that specialized nutritional support can be used to maintain muscle function and physical activity levels during chemotherapy without increasing tumour viability. Therefore, nutritional strategies have potential value in promoting cancer and chemotherapy tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza A Wijler
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Division of Imaging and Cancer, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Danielle A E Raats
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Division of Imaging and Cancer, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd G Elias
- Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Anne M May
- Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Onno Kranenburg
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Division of Imaging and Cancer, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Utrecht Platform for Organoid Technology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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11
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Oliveira SCPD, Miyaguti NADS, Russell ST, Tobar N, Geraldo MV, Gomes-Marcondes MCC. Fish Oil Diet during Pre-mating, Gestation, and Lactation in Adult Offspring Rats on Cancer Cachexia Prevention. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2000863. [PMID: 33651486 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Nutritional supplementation of the maternal diet can modify the cancer susceptibility in adult offspring. Therefore, the authors evaluate the effects of a fish-oil diet administered to a long-term, during pre-mating, gestation, and lactation, in reducing cancer-cachexia damages in adult Walker-256 tumor-bearing offspring. METHODS AND RESULTS Female rats receive control or fish oil diet during pre-mating, gestation, and lactation. After weaning, male offspring are fed the control diet until adulthood and distributed in (C) control adult-offspring; (W) adult tumor-bearing offspring; (OC) adult-offspring of maternal fish oil diet; (WOC) adult tumor-bearing offspring of maternal fish oil diet groups. Fat body mass is preserved, muscle expression of mechanistic target of rapamicin (mTOR) and eukariotic binding protein of eukariotic factor 4E (4E-BP1) is modified, being associated with lower 20S proteasome protein expression, and the liver alanine aminotransferase (ALT) enzyme content maintained in the WOC group. Also, the OC group shows reduced triglyceridemia. CONCLUSION In this experimental model of cachexia, the long-term maternal supplementation is a positive strategy to improve liver function and lipid metabolism, as well as to modify muscle proteins expression in the mTOR pathway and also reduce the 20S muscle proteasome protein, without altering the tumor development and muscle wasting in adult tumor-bearing offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Christine Pereira de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Cancer, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Biology Institute, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Natália Angelo da Silva Miyaguti
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Cancer, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Biology Institute, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Steven Thomas Russell
- School of Bioscience, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Natália Tobar
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Murilo Vieira Geraldo
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Biology Institute, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
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12
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de Moraes Salgado C, da Silva Miyaguti NA, de Oliveira SCP, Favero-Santos BC, Viana LR, de Moraes Santos Oliveira M, Gomes-Marcondes MCC. Cancer during pregnancy. Maternal, placenta, and fetal damage. Nutrition, antioxidant defenses, and adult offspring tumor-bearing. Cancer 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819547-5.00012-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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13
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van de Worp WRPH, Schols AMWJ, Theys J, van Helvoort A, Langen RCJ. Nutritional Interventions in Cancer Cachexia: Evidence and Perspectives From Experimental Models. Front Nutr 2020; 7:601329. [PMID: 33415123 PMCID: PMC7783418 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.601329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia is a complex metabolic syndrome characterized by involuntary skeletal muscle loss and is associated with poor clinical outcome, decreased survival and negatively influences cancer therapy. No curative treatments are available for cancer cachexia, but nutritional intervention is recommended as a cornerstone of multimodal therapy. Optimal nutritional care is pivotal in the treatment of cancer cachexia, and the effects of nutrients may extend beyond provision of adequate energy uptake, targeting different mechanisms or metabolic pathways that are affected or deregulated by cachexia. The evidence to support this notion derived from nutritional intervention studies in experimental models of cancer cachexia is systematically discussed in this review. Moreover, experimental variables and readout parameters to determine skeletal muscle wasting and cachexia are methodologically evaluated to allow critical comparison of similar studies. Single- and multinutrient intervention studies including qualitative modulation of dietary protein, dietary fat, and supplementation with specific nutrients, such as carnitine and creatine, were reviewed for their efficacy to counteract muscle mass loss and its underlying mechanisms in experimental cancer cachexia. Numerous studies showed favorable effects on impaired protein turnover and related metabolic abnormalities of nutritional supplementation in parallel with a beneficial impact on cancer-induced muscle wasting. The combination of high quality nutrients in a multitargeted, multinutrient approach appears specifically promising, preferentially as a multimodal intervention, although more studies investigating the optimal quantity and combination of nutrients are needed. During the review process, a wide variation in timing, duration, dosing, and route of supplementation, as well as a wide variation in animal models were observed. Better standardization in dietary design, and the development of experimental models that better recapitulate the etiology of human cachexia, will further facilitate successful translation of experimentally-based multinutrient, multimodal interventions into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter R P H van de Worp
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, NUTRIM-School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Annemie M W J Schols
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, NUTRIM-School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Jan Theys
- Department of Precision Medicine, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Ardy van Helvoort
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, NUTRIM-School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ramon C J Langen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, NUTRIM-School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, Netherlands
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14
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Miyaguti NADS, Stanisic D, de Oliveira SCP, dos Santos GS, Manhe BS, Tasic L, Gomes-Marcondes MCC. Serum and Muscle 1H NMR-Based Metabolomics Profiles Reveal Metabolic Changes Influenced by a Maternal Leucine-Rich Diet in Tumor-Bearing Adult Offspring Rats. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12072106. [PMID: 32708621 PMCID: PMC7400806 DOI: 10.3390/nu12072106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A maternal leucine-rich diet showed a positive effect on the gastrocnemius muscle of adult tumor-bearing offspring. To improve the understanding of the metabolic alterations of cancer cachexia and correlate this to preventive treatment, we evaluated the 1H NMR metabolic profiles from serum and gastrocnemius muscle samples of adult Wistar rats. These profiles were initially analyzed, and chemometrics tools were applied to investigate the following groups: C, control group; W, tumor-bearing group; L, the group without tumors and with a maternal leucine-rich diet; WL, the tumor-bearing group with a maternal leucine-rich diet. Tumor growth that led to a high protein breakdown in the W group was correlated to serum metabolites such as tyrosine, phenylalanine, histidine, glutamine, and tryptophan amino acids and uracil. Also, decreased muscle lactate, inversely to serum content, was found in the W group. Conversely, in the WL group, increased lactate in muscle and serum profiles was found, which could be correlated to the maternal diet effect. The muscle lipidomics and NAD+, NADP+, lysine, 4-aminohippurate, and glutamine metabolites pointed to modified energy metabolism and lower muscle mass loss in the WL group. In conclusion, this exploratory metabolomics analyses provided novel insights related to the Walker-256 tumor-bearing offspring metabolism modified by a maternal leucine-rich diet and the next steps in its investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Angelo da Silva Miyaguti
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Cancer, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Biology Institute, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Campinas, SP 13083862, Brazil; (N.A.d.S.M.); (S.C.P.d.O.); (G.S.d.S.); (B.S.M.)
| | - Danijela Stanisic
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Organic Chemistry Department, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Josué de Castro, s/n, Campinas, SP 13083970, Brazil; (D.S.); (L.T.)
| | - Sarah Christine Pereira de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Cancer, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Biology Institute, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Campinas, SP 13083862, Brazil; (N.A.d.S.M.); (S.C.P.d.O.); (G.S.d.S.); (B.S.M.)
| | - Gabriela Sales dos Santos
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Cancer, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Biology Institute, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Campinas, SP 13083862, Brazil; (N.A.d.S.M.); (S.C.P.d.O.); (G.S.d.S.); (B.S.M.)
| | - Beatriz Schincariol Manhe
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Cancer, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Biology Institute, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Campinas, SP 13083862, Brazil; (N.A.d.S.M.); (S.C.P.d.O.); (G.S.d.S.); (B.S.M.)
| | - Ljubica Tasic
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Organic Chemistry Department, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Josué de Castro, s/n, Campinas, SP 13083970, Brazil; (D.S.); (L.T.)
| | - Maria Cristina Cintra Gomes-Marcondes
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Cancer, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Biology Institute, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Campinas, SP 13083862, Brazil; (N.A.d.S.M.); (S.C.P.d.O.); (G.S.d.S.); (B.S.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-19-3521-6194
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15
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Leucine-Rich Diet Modulates the Metabolomic and Proteomic Profile of Skeletal Muscle during Cancer Cachexia. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12071880. [PMID: 32668598 PMCID: PMC7408981 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Cancer-cachexia induces a variety of metabolic disorders, including skeletal muscle imbalance. Alternative therapy, as nutritional supplementation with leucine, shows a modulatory effect over tumour damage in vivo and in vitro. Method: Adult rats distributed into Control (C), Walker tumour-bearing (W), control fed a leucine-rich diet (L), and tumour-bearing fed a leucine-rich diet (WL) groups had the gastrocnemius muscle metabolomic and proteomic assays performed in parallel to in vitro assays. Results: W group presented an affected muscle metabolomic and proteomic profile mainly related to energy generation and carbohydrates catabolic processes, but leucine-supplemented group (WL) recovered the energy production. In vitro assay showed that cell proliferation, mitochondria number and oxygen consumption were higher under leucine effect than the tumour influence. Muscle proteomics results showed that the main affected cell component was mitochondria, leading to an impacted energy generation, including impairment in proteins of the tricarboxylic cycle and carbohydrates catabolic processes, which were modulated and improved by leucine treatment. Conclusion: In summary, we showed a beneficial effect of leucine upon mitochondria, providing information about the muscle glycolytic pathways used by this amino acid, where it can be associated with the preservation of morphometric parameters and consequent protection against the effects of cachexia.
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16
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Viana LR, Lopes-Aguiar L, Rossi Rosolen R, Willians dos Santos R, Cintra Gomes-Marcondes MC. 1H-NMR Based Serum Metabolomics Identifies Different Profile between Sarcopenia and Cancer Cachexia in Ageing Walker 256 Tumour-Bearing Rats. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10040161. [PMID: 32326296 PMCID: PMC7240940 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10040161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia among the older population has been growing over the last few years. In addition, the incidence of cancers increases with age and, consequently, the development of cachexia related cancer. Therefore, the elucidation of the metabolic derangements of sarcopenia and cachexia are important to improve the survival and life quality of cancer patients. We performed the 1H-NMR based serum metabolomics in adult (A) and ageing (S) Walker 256 tumour-bearing rats in different stages of tumour evolution, namely intermediated (Wi) and advanced (Wa). Among 52 serum metabolites that were identified, 21 were significantly increased in S and 14 and 19 decreased in the Wi and Wa groups, respectively. The most impacted pathways by this metabolic alteration were related by amino acid biosynthesis and metabolism, with an upregulation in S group and downregulation in Wi and Wa groups. Taken together, our results suggest that the increase in metabolic profile in ageing rats is associated with the higher muscle protein degradation that releases several metabolites, especially amino acids into the serum. On the other hand, we hypothesise that the majority of metabolites released by muscle catabolism are used by tumours to sustain rapid cell proliferation and tumorigenesis.
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17
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Viana LR, Tobar N, Busanello ENB, Marques AC, de Oliveira AG, Lima TI, Machado G, Castelucci BG, Ramos CD, Brunetto SQ, Silveira LR, Vercesi AE, Consonni SR, Gomes-Marcondes MCC. Leucine-rich diet induces a shift in tumour metabolism from glycolytic towards oxidative phosphorylation, reducing glucose consumption and metastasis in Walker-256 tumour-bearing rats. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15529. [PMID: 31664147 PMCID: PMC6820796 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52112-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Leucine can stimulate protein synthesis in skeletal muscle, and recent studies have shown an increase in leucine-related mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative phosphorylation capacity in muscle cells. However, leucine-related effects in tumour tissues are still poorly understood. Thus, we described the effects of leucine in both in vivo and in vitro models of a Walker-256 tumour. Tumour-bearing Wistar rats were randomly distributed into a control group (W; normoprotein diet) and leucine group (LW; leucine-rich diet [normoprotein + 3% leucine]). After 20 days of tumour evolution, the animals underwent 18-fludeoxyglucose positron emission computed tomography (18F-FDG PET-CT) imaging, and after euthanasia, fresh tumour biopsy samples were taken for oxygen consumption rate measurements (Oroboros Oxygraph), electron microscopy analysis and RNA and protein extraction. Our main results from the LW group showed no tumour size change, lower tumour glucose (18F-FDG) uptake, and reduced metastatic sites. Furthermore, leucine stimulated a shift in tumour metabolism from glycolytic towards oxidative phosphorylation, higher mRNA and protein expression of oxidative phosphorylation components, and enhanced mitochondrial density/area even though the leucine-treated tumour had a higher number of apoptotic nuclei with increased oxidative stress. In summary, a leucine-rich diet directed Walker-256 tumour metabolism to a less glycolytic phenotype profile in which these metabolic alterations were associated with a decrease in tumour aggressiveness and reduction in the number of metastatic sites in rats fed a diet supplemented with this branched-chain amino acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laís Rosa Viana
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Cancer, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Biology Institute, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Natália Tobar
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Carolina Marques
- School of Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Pathology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Andre Gustavo de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Cancer, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Biology Institute, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil.,Obesity and Comorbidities Research Centre, Biology Institute, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Tanes I Lima
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Centre, Biology Institute, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabrielly Machado
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Cancer, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Biology Institute, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Bianca Gazieri Castelucci
- Laboratory of Cytochemistry and Immunocytochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology. Biology Institute, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Celso Dario Ramos
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Q Brunetto
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Reis Silveira
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Centre, Biology Institute, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Anibal Eugenio Vercesi
- School of Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Pathology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Sílvio Roberto Consonni
- Laboratory of Cytochemistry and Immunocytochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology. Biology Institute, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Cristina Cintra Gomes-Marcondes
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Cancer, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Biology Institute, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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18
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Maternal Leucine-Rich Diet Minimises Muscle Mass Loss in Tumour-bearing Adult Rat Offspring by Improving the Balance of Muscle Protein Synthesis and Degradation. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9060229. [PMID: 31200474 PMCID: PMC6628133 DOI: 10.3390/biom9060229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cachexia syndrome can affect cancer patients and new prevention strategies are required. Maternal nutritional supplementation can modify metabolic programming in the offspring, which lasts until adulthood. This could be a good approach against diseases such as cancer. A 3% leucine-rich diet treatment improved muscle protein turnover by modifying the mTOR and proteolytic pathways, thus we analysed whether maternal supplementation could ameliorate muscle protein turnover in adult offspring tumour-bearing rats. Pregnant Wistar rats received a control diet or 3% leucine-rich diet during pregnancy/lactation, and their weaned male offspring received a control diet until adulthood when they were distributed into following groups (n = 7–8 per group): C, Control; W, tumour-bearing; L, without tumour with a maternal leucine-rich diet; and WL, tumour-bearing with a maternal leucine-rich diet. Protein synthesis and degradation were assessed in the gastrocnemius muscle, focusing on the mTOR pathway, which was extensively altered in W group. However, the WL adult offspring showed no decrease in muscle weight, higher food intake, ameliorated muscle turnover, activated mTOR and p70S6K, and maintained muscle cathepsin H and calpain activities. Maternal leucine nutritional supplementation could be a positive strategy to improve muscle protein balance in cancer cachexia-induced muscle damage in adult offspring rats.
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A leucine-rich diet modulates the mTOR cell signalling pathway in the gastrocnemius muscle under different Walker-256 tumour growth conditions. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:349. [PMID: 30975087 PMCID: PMC6458732 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5448-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The exact signalling mechanism of the mTOR complex remains a subject of constant debate, even with some evidence that amino acids participate in the same pathway as used for insulin signalling during protein synthesis. Therefore, this work conducted further study of the actions of amino acids, especially leucine, in vivo, in an experimental model of cachexia. We analysed the effects of a leucine-rich diet on the signalling pathway of protein synthesis in muscle during a tumour growth time-course. Methods Wistar rats were distributed into groups based on Walker-256 tumour implant and subjected to a leucine-rich diet and euthanised at three different time points following tumour development (the 7th, 14th and 21st day). We assessed the mTOR pathway key-proteins in gastrocnemius muscle, such as RAG-A-GTPase, ERK/MAP4K3, PKB/Akt, mTOR, p70S6K1, Jnk, IRS-1, STAT3, and STAT6 comparing among the experimental groups. Serum WF (proteolysis-induced factor like from Walker-256 tumour) and muscle protein synthesis and degradation were assessed. Results The tumour-bearing group had increased serum WF content, and the skeletal-muscle showed a reduction in IRS-1 and RAG activation, increased PKB/Akt and Erk/MAP4K3 on the 21st day, and maintenance of p70S6K1, associated with increases in muscle STAT-3 and STAT-6 levels in these tumour-bearing rats. Conclusion Meanwhile, the leucine-rich diet modulated key steps of the mTOR pathway by triggering the increased activation of RAG and mTOR and maintaining JNK, STAT-3 and STAT-6 levels in muscle, leading to an increased muscle protein synthesis, reducing the degradation during tumour evolution in a host, minimising the cancer-induced damages in the cachectic state.
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20
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Castro A, Duft RG, Ferreira MLV, de Andrade ALL, Gáspari AF, Silva LDM, de Oliveira-Nunes SG, Cavaglieri CR, Ghosh S, Bouchard C, Chacon- Mikahil MPT. Association of skeletal muscle and serum metabolites with maximum power output gains in response to continuous endurance or high-intensity interval training programs: The TIMES study - A randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212115. [PMID: 30742692 PMCID: PMC6370248 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have begun to identify the molecular determinants of inter-individual variability of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in response to exercise training programs. However, we still have an incomplete picture of the molecular mechanisms underlying trainability in response to exercise training. OBJECTIVE We investigated baseline serum and skeletal muscle metabolomics profile and its associations with maximal power output (MPO) gains in response to 8-week of continuous endurance training (ET) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) programs matched for total units of exercise performed (the TIMES study). METHODS Eighty healthy sedentary young adult males were randomized to one of three groups and 70 were defined as completers (> 90% of sessions): ET (n = 30), HIIT (n = 30) and control (CO, n = 10). For the CO, participants were asked to not exercise for 8 weeks. Serum and skeletal muscle samples were analyzed by 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The targeted screens yielded 43 serum and 70 muscle reproducible metabolites (intraclass > 0.75; coefficient of variation < 25%). Associations of baseline metabolites with MPO trainability were explored within each training program via three analytical strategies: (1) correlations with gains in MPO; (2) differences between high and low responders to ET and HIIT; and (3) metabolites contributions to the most significant pathways related to gains in MPO. The significance level was set at P < 0.01 or false discovery rate of 0.1. RESULTS The exercise programs generated similar gains in MPO (ET = 21.4 ± 8.0%; HIIT = 24.3 ± 8.5%). MPO associated baseline metabolites supported by all three levels of evidence were: serum glycerol, muscle alanine, proline, threonine, creatinine, AMP and pyruvate for ET, and serum lysine, phenylalanine, creatine, and muscle glycolate for HIIT. The most common pathways suggested by the metabolite profiles were aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, and carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism. CONCLUSION We suggest that MPO gains in both programs are potentially associated with metabolites indicative of baseline amino acid and translation processes with additional evidence for carbohydrate metabolism in ET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Castro
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata Garbellini Duft
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - André Luís Lugnani de Andrade
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Arthur Fernandes Gáspari
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas de Marchi Silva
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Cláudia Regina Cavaglieri
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sujoy Ghosh
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program and Center for Computational Biology, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Claude Bouchard
- Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
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Miyaguti NADS, de Oliveira SCP, Gomes-Marcondes MCC. Maternal nutritional supplementation with fish oil and/or leucine improves hepatic function and antioxidant defenses, and minimizes cachexia indexes in Walker-256 tumor-bearing rats offspring. Nutr Res 2018; 51:29-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Modulating Metabolism to Improve Cancer-Induced Muscle Wasting. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:7153610. [PMID: 29785246 PMCID: PMC5896402 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7153610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Muscle wasting is one of the main features of cancer cachexia, a multifactorial syndrome frequently occurring in oncologic patients. The onset of cachexia is associated with reduced tolerance and response to antineoplastic treatments, eventually leading to clinical conditions that are not compatible with survival. Among the mechanisms underlying cachexia, protein and energy dysmetabolism play a major role. In this regard, several potential treatments have been proposed, mainly on the basis of promising results obtained in preclinical models. However, at present, no treatment yet reached validation to be used in the clinical practice, although several drugs are currently tested in clinical trials for their ability to improve muscle metabolism in cancer patients. Along this line, the results obtained in both experimental and clinical studies clearly show that cachexia can be effectively approached by a multidirectional strategy targeting nutrition, inflammation, catabolism, and inactivity at the same time. In the present study, approaches aimed to modulate muscle metabolism in cachexia will be reviewed.
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Wang Z, Gao K, Xu C, Gao J, Yan Y, Wang Y, Li Z, Chen J. Metabolic effects of Hedyotis diffusa on rats bearing Walker 256 tumor revealed by NMR-based metabolomics. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2018; 56:5-17. [PMID: 28847040 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Hedyotis diffusa, a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, is widely used for oncotherapy and shows a positive effect in the clinical treatment. But its mechanism of anticancer activities is complicated and unclear. This study was undertaken to assess the therapeutic effects and reveal detailed mechanisms of H. diffusa for oncotherapy. A Walker 256 tumor-bearing rat model was established, and metabolomic profiles of plasma and urine were obtained from 1 H NMR technique. Multivariate statistical analysis methods were used to characterize the discriminating metabolites between control (C), Walker 256 tumor-bearing rats model (M), and H. diffusa treatment (H) groups. Finally, 13 and 10 metabolomic biomarkers in urine and plasma samples were further identified as characteristic metabolites in M group, whereas H group showed a partial metabolic balance recovered, such as ornithine, N-acetyl-l-aspartate, l-aspartate, and creatinine in urine samples, and acetate, lactate, choline, l-glutamine, and 3-hydroxybutyrate in plasma samples. On the basis of the methods above, we hypothesized H. diffusa treatment reduced the injury caused by Walker 256 tumor and maintained a metabolic balance. Our study demonstrated that this method provided new insights into metabolic alterations in tumor-bearing biosystems and researching on the effects of H. diffusa on the endogenous metabolism in tumor-bearing rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Kuo Gao
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Can Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Jian Gao
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yujing Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Yingfeng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Zhongfeng Li
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Jianxin Chen
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
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Cruz B, Oliveira A, Gomes-Marcondes MCC. L-leucine dietary supplementation modulates muscle protein degradation and increases pro-inflammatory cytokines in tumour-bearing rats. Cytokine 2017; 96:253-260. [PMID: 28494385 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2017.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cachexia is characterised by involuntary weight loss associated with systemic inflammation and metabolic changes. Studies aimed at maintaining lean body mass in cachectic tumour-bearing hosts have made important contributions reducing the number of deaths and improving the quality of life. In recent years, leucine has demonstrated effective action in maintaining lean body mass by decreasing muscle protein degradation. Currently, there is a growing need to understand how leucine stimulates protein synthesis and acts protectively in a cachectic organism. Thus, this study aimed to assess the effects of a leucine-rich diet on protein degradation signalling in muscle over the course of tumour growth. Animals were distributed into four experimental groups, which did or did not receive 2×106 viable Walker-tumour cells. Some were fed a leucine-rich diet, and the groups were subsequently sacrificed at three different time points of tumour evolution (7th, 14th, and 21st days). Protein degradation signals, as indicated by ubiquitin-proteasome subunits (11S, 19S, and 20S) and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, were analysed in all experimental groups. In tumour-bearing animals without nutritional supplementation (W7, W14, and W21 groups), we observed that the tumour growth promoted a concurrent decrease in muscle protein, a sharp increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL-6, and IFNγ), and a progressive increase in proteasome subunits (19S and 20S). Thus, the leucine-supplemented tumour-bearing groups showed improvements in muscle mass and protein content, and in this specific situation, the leucine-rich diet led to an increase on the day in cytokine profile and proteasome subunits mainly on the 14th day, which subsequently had a modulating effect on tumour growth on the 21st day. These results indicate that the presence of leucine in the diet may modulate important aspects of the proteasomal pathway in cancer cachexia and may prevent muscle wasting due to the decrease in the cachexia index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bread Cruz
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Biology Institute, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, CP 6109, 13083862 Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - André Oliveira
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Biology Institute, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, CP 6109, 13083862 Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Cristina Cintra Gomes-Marcondes
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Biology Institute, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, CP 6109, 13083862 Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to recapture recent advances in cachexia-related diseases, mainly cancer cachexia, and treatment using genomic, transcriptomics, proteomic, and metabolomics-related techniques. RECENT FINDINGS From recent studies in the cancer cachexia field it is clear that the tumor has a direct effect on distant organs via its secretome. The affected pathways on the other hand were largely known from earlier studies with changes in energy-related pathways (mainly lipid metabolism) and the protein degradation pathways. Treatment-oriented studies use mostly rodent models and in-vivo cultures and it is too early for human studies. SUMMARY Omics tools are powerful if used in the right way. Omics research has identified the tumor as an important player in cancer cachexia and some interesting novel treatments have been found in experimental models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Twelkmeyer
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
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